Abstract
Genetic material possesses the capacity for self-duplication. The total amount of genetic information as well as its order within the genome remains the same from nuclear generation to nuclear generation. Each daughter genome arising from a replication generally consists of an exact copy of the original genetic information. With each mitotic division such copies are transmitted to the daughter cells. The identity of the genetic information is thus assured for each cell of a multicellular organism. Nevertheless, such an inflexible transmission of hereditary material would prevent evolution. This problem is overcome by two fundamental properties of the genetic material, namely recombination and mutation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature
Apirion, D.: Formal and physiological genetics of ascospore colour in Aspergillus nidulans. Genet. Res. 4, 276–283 (1963).
Barratt, R. W.: A word of caution: genetic and cytological effects of Abbott stocks in Neurospora crassa. Microbial. Genet. Bull. 11, 5–6 (1954).
— D. Newmeyer, D. D. Perkins, and L. Garnjobst: Map construction in Neurospora crassa. Advanc. Genet. 6, 1–93 (1954).
—, and W. N. Ogata: Neurospora stock list, second revision. Neurospora Newsletter 5, 24–82 (1964 a).
— — First supplement to Neurospora stock list, second revision as published in Neurospora Newsletter 5. Neurospora Newsletter 6, 29–40 (1964 b).
Barron, G.L.: The parasexual cycle and linkage relationships in the storage rot fungus Penicillium expansum. Canad. J. Bot. 40, 1603–1613 (1962).
Beadle, G. W., and E. L. Tatum: Neurospora. II. Methods of producing and detecting mutations concerned with nutritional requirements. Amer. J. Bot. 32, 678–685 (1945).
Belling, J.: Crossing over and gene rearrangement in flowering plants. Genetics 18, 388–413 (1933).
Bennett, J. H.: Modes of tetrad formation. Amer. Naturalist 90, 195–199 (1956).
Benzer, S.: Fine structure of a genetic region in bacteriophage. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 41, 344–354 (1955).
— The elementary units of heredity. In: W. D. McElroy and B. Glass (edits.), The chemical basis of heredity, pp. 70–93. Baltimore 1957.
Bernstein, H.: On the mechanism of intragenic recombination. I. The r II region of bacteriophage T 4. J. theor. Biol. 3, 335–353 (1962).
— On the mechanism of intragenic recombination. II. Neurospora crassa. J. theor. Biol. 6, 347–370 (1964).
Bistis, G.: Studies on the genetics of Ascobolus stercorarius (Bull.) Schrot. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 83, 35–61 (1956).
—, and L. S. Olive: Ascomycete spore mutants and their use in genetic studies. Science 120, 105–106 (1954).
Bohn, W.: Einige Untersuchungen über die Tetradenaufspaltung bei Basidiomyceten. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 67, 435–445 (1933).
Bole-Gowda, B. N., D. D. Perkins, and W. N. Strickland: Crossing over and interference in the centromere region of linkage group I of Neurospora. Genetics 47, 1243–1252 (1962).
Boone, D. M., and G. W. Keitt: Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint. VIII. Inheritance of colour mutant characters. Amer. J. Bot. 43, 226–233 (1956).
— J. F. Stauffer, M. A. Stahmann, and G. W. Keitt: Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint. VII. Induction of mutants for studies on genetics, nutrition and pathogenicity. Amer. J. Bot. 43, 199–204 (1956).
Bresch, C.: Zum Paarungsmechanismus von Bakteriophagen. Z. Naturforsch. 10b, 545–561 (1955).
— Replication and recombination in bacteriophage. Z. Vererbungsl. 93, 476–490 (1962).
— Klassische und molekulare Genetik. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1964.
Bridges, C. B., and K. S. Brehme: The mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ., Washington (D.C.) 1944, 552. Brieger, F.: Die genaue Bestimmung des Zeitpunktes der Mendelspaltung. Züchter 5, 34–44 (1933).
Brunswick, H.: Die Reduktionsteilung bei den Basidiomyceten. Z. Bot. 18, 481–498 (1926).
Burgeff, H.: Variabilität, Vererbung und Mutation bei Phycornyces blakesleeanus Bgff. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 49, 26–94 (1928).
Buss, H. R.: The genetics of methionineless mutants of Neurospora crassa. Ph. D. Thesis, Stanford University 1944.
Carter, T. O.: A search for chromatid interference in the male house mouse. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 86, 210–223 (1954).
—, and D. S. Falconer: Stocks for detecting linkage in the mouse, and the theory of their design. J. Genet. 50, 307–323 (1951).
—, and A. Robertson: A mathematical treatment of genetical recombination, using a fourstrand model. Proc. roy. Soc. B 139, 410–426 (1952).
Case, M. E., and N. H. Giles: Evidence from tetrad analysis for both normal and aberrant recombination between allelic mutants in Neurospora crassa. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 44, 378–390 (1958a).
— — Recombination mechanisms at the pan-2-locus in Neurospora crassa. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 23, 119–135 (1958b).
— — Comparative complementation and genetic maps of the pan-2 locus in Neurospora crassa. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 46, 659–676 (1960).
— — Allelic recombination in Neurospora: Tetrad analysis of a three-point cross within the pan-2-locus. Genetics 49, 529–540 (1964).
Catcheside, D. G.: The genetics of microorganisms. 223 pp. London: Pitmen 1951.
— A. P. Jessop, and B. R. Smith: Genetic controls of allelic recombination in Neurospora. Nature (Lond.) 202, 1242–1243 (1964).
Chase, M., and A. H. Doermann: High negative interference over short segments of the genetic structure of bacteriophage T 4. Genetics 43, 332–353 (1958).
Colson, B.: The cytology and morphology of Neurospora tetrasperma Dodge. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 48, 211–224 (1934).
Darlington, C. D.: A cytological demonstration of „genetic“crossing over. Proc. roy. Soc. B 107, 50–59 (1930).
Day, P. R.: The genetics of Coprinus lagopus. Rep. John Innes hort. Instn. 49, 16–18 (1958).
— The structure of the A mating type locus in Coprinus lagopus. Genetics 45, 641–650 (1960).
—, and G. E. Anderson: Two linkage groups in Coprinus lagopus. Genet. Res. 2, 414–423 (1961).
— D.M. Boone, and G. W. Keitt: Venturiainaequalis (Cke) Wint. XI. The chromosome number. Amer. J. Bot. 43, 835–838 (1956).
Demerec, M.: The fine structure of the gene. In: J. M. Allen (edit.) The molecular control of cellular activity, pp. 167–177. New York-Toronto-London 1962.
Desborough, S., and G. Lindegren: Chromosome mapping of linkage data from Saccharomyces by tetrad analysis. Genetica 30, 346–383 (1959).
— E. E. Shult, T. Yoshida, and C. C. Lindegren: Interference patterns in family y-1 of Saccharomyces. Genetics 45, 1467–1480 (1960).
Dickinson, S.: Experiments on the physiology and genetics of the smut fungi. Cultural characters. I. Their permanence and segregation. Proc. roy. Soc. B 102, 174–176 (1928).
Dodge, B. O.: Spore formation in asci with fewer than eight spores. Mycologia (N.Y.) 20, 18–21 (1928).
Doermann, A. H.: Investigations of the lysine-requiring mutants of Neurospora crassa. Ph. D. Thesis, Stanford University 1946.
Dowding, E. S.: Gelasinospora, a new genus of Pyrenomycetes with pitted spores. Canad. J. Res. 9, 294–305 (1933).
—, and A. Bakerspigel: Poor fruiters and barrage mutants in Gelasinospora. Canad. J. Bot. 34, 231–240 (1956).
Ebersold, W. T.: Crossing over in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Amer. J. Bot. 43, 408–410 (1956).
—, and R. P. Levine: A genetic analysis of linkage group I of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Z. Verbungsl. 90, 74–82 (1959).
El-Ani, A. S., L. S. Olive, and Y. Kitani: Genetics of Sordaria fimicola. IV. Linkage group I. Amer. J. Bot. 48, 716–723 (1961).
Ellingboe, A. H.: Somatic recombination in Puccinia graminis tritici. Phytopathology 51, 13–15 (1961).
— Illegitimacy and specific factor transfer in Schizophyllum commune. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 49, 286–292 (1963).
— Somatic recombination in dikaryon K of Schizophyllum commune. Genetics 49, 247–251 (1964).
—, and J. R. Raper: Somatic recombination in Schizophyllum commune. Genetics 47, 85–98 (1962).
Elliott, C. G.: The cytology of Aspergillus nidulans. Genet. Res. 1, 462 – 476 (1960 a).
— Non-localised negative interference in Aspergillus nidulans. Heredity 15, 247–262 (1960b).
Emerson, S.: Meiotic recombination in fungi with special reference to tetrad analysis. In: W. J. Burdette (edit.), Methodology in basic genetics, pp. 167–208. San Franzisco 1963.
—, and J. E. Cushing: Altered sulphonamide antagonism in Neurospora. Fed. Proc. 5, 379–389 (1946).
Esser, K.: Die Incompatibilitätsbeziehungen zwischen geographischen Rassen von Podospora anserina (Ces.) Rehm. I. Die genetische Analyse der Semi-Incompatibilität. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 87, 595–624 (1956).
— Die Incompatibilitätsbeziehungen zwischen geographischen Rassen von Podospora anserina (Ces.) Rehm. II. Die Wirkungsweise der Semi-Incompatibilitäts-Gene. Z. Vererbungsl. 90, 29–52 (1959a).
— Die Incompatibilitätsbeziehungen zwischen geographischen Rassen von Podospora anserina (Ces.) Rehm. III. Untersuchungen zur Genphysiologie der Barragebildung und Semi-Incompatibilität. Z. Vererbungsl. 90, 445–456 (1959b).
—, u. J. Straub: Genetische Untersuchungen an Sordaria macrospora Auersw., Kompensation und Induktion bei genbedingten Entwicklungsdefekten. Z. Vererbungsl. 89, 729–746 (1958).
Eversole, R. A.: Biochemical mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Amer. J. Bot. 43, 404–407 (1956).
—, and E. L. Tatum: Chemical alteration of crossing over frequency in Chlamydomonas. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 42, 68–73 (1956).
Faull, A. F.: On the resistance of Neurospora crassa. Mycologia (N.Y.) 22, 288–303 (1930).
Fincham, J. R. S.: Genetic and biochemical studies in Neurospora. Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge University 1950.
— A comparative genetic study of the mating-type chromosomes of two species of Neurospora. J. Genet. 50, 221–229 (1951).
—, and P. R. Day: Fungal genetics. Oxford 1963.
Fisher, R. A.: A class of enumerations of importance in genetics. Proc. roy. Soc. B 136, 509–520 (1950).
— The experimental study of multiple crossing over. Caryologia (Firenze) 6, Suppl. 227–231 (1955).
— M. F. Lyon, and A. R. G. Owen: The sex chromosome in the house mouse. Heredity 1, 355–365 (1947).
Fogel, S., and D. D. Hurst: Coincidence relations between gene conversion and mitotic recombination in Saecharomyces. Genetios 48, 321–328 (1963).
Forbes, E. C.: Recombination in the pro region of Aspergillus nidulans. Microbial Genet. Bull. 13, 9–11 (1956).
Franke, G.: Die Zytologie der Ascusentwicklung von Podospora anserina. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 88, 159–160 (1957).
— Versuche zur Genomverdoppelung des Ascomyceten Podospora anserina (Ces.) Rehm. Z. Vererbungsl. 93, 109–117 (1962).
Fratello, B., G. Morpurgo, and G. Sermonti: Induced somatic segregation in Aspergillus nidulans. Genetics 45, 785–800 (1960).
Freese, E.: The correlation effect for a histidine locus of Neurospora crassa. Genetics 42, 671–684 (1957a).
— Über die Feinstruktur des Genoms im Bereich eines pab-Locus von Neurospora crassa. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 88, 388–406 (1957b).
Frost, L. C.: A possible interpretation of the cytogenetic effects of Abbott stocks in Neurospora crassa. Microbial Genet. Bull. 12, 7–9 (1955a).
— The genetics of some wild-type and mutant strains of Neurospora crassa. Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge University 1955b.
— Heterogeneity in recombination frequencies in Neurospora crassa. Genet. Res. 2, 43–62 (1961).
Garnjobst, L.: Genetic control of heterocaryosis in Neurospora crassa. Amer. J. Bot. 40, 607–614 (1953).
Giles, N. H., C. W. H. Partridge, and N. J. Nelson: The genetic control of adenylo-succinase in Neurospora crassa. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 43, 305–317 (1957).
Goldschmidt, R.: Prä- oder Postreduktion der Chromosomen? Die Lösung eines alten Problems. Naturwissenschaften 19, 358–362 (1932).
Gowans, C. S.: Some genetic investigations on Chlamydomonas eugametos. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 91, 63–73 (1960).
Gowen, J. W.: A biometrical study of crossing over. Genetics 4, 205–250 (1919).
Graubard, M. A.: Temperature effect on interference and crossing over. Genetics 19, 83–94 (1934).
Haldane, J. B. S.: The combination of linkage values, and the calculation of distances between the loci of linked factors. J. Genet. 8, 299–309 (1919).
— The cytological basis of genetical interference. Cytologia (Tokyo) 3, 54–65 (1931).
Hanna, W. F.: Studies in the physiology and cytology of Ustilago zeae and Sorosporium reilianum. Phytopathology 19, 415–442 (1929).
Hastings, P. J., and H. L. K. Whitehouse: A polaron model of genetic recombination by the formation of hybrid deoxyribonucleic acid. Nature (Lond.) 201, 1052–1054 (1964).
Hawthorne, D. C., and R. K. Mortimer: Chromosome mapping in Sac-charomyces: centromere linked genes. Genetics 45, 1085–1110 (1960).
Hayes, W.: The genetics of bacteria and their viruses. Studies in basic genetics and molecular biology. Oxford 1964.
Heagy, F. C., and J. A. Roper: Deoxyribonucleic acid content of haploid and diploid Aspergillus conidia. Nature (Lond.) 170, 713 (1952).
Hershey, A. D.: Reproduction of bacteriophage. Int. Rev. Cytol. 1, 119 – 134 (1952).
Heslot, H.: Contribution à l’étude cytogénétique et génétique des Sordariacées. Rev. Cytol. Biol. véget. 19, Suppl. 2, 1–235 (1958).
Hirsch, H. M.: Temperature-dependent cellulase production by Neurospora crassa and its ecological implications. Experientia (Basel) 10, 180–182 (1954).
Holliday, R.: The genetics of Ustilago mayáis. Genet. Res. 2, 204–230 (1961a).
Holliday, R.: — Induced mitotic crossing over in Ustilago maydis. Genet. Res. 2, 231–248 (1961b).
Holliday, R.: — Effect of photoreactivation on ultra-violet-induced segregation of heterozygous diploids. Nature (Lond.) 193, 95–96 (1962a).
Holliday, R.: — Mutation and replication in Ustilago maydis. Genet. Res. 3, 472–486 (1962 b).
Holliday, R.: — The induction of mitotic recombination by mitomycin C in Ustilago and Saccharomyces. Genetics 50, 323–335 (1964 a).
Holliday, R.: — A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi. Genet. Res. 5, 282–304 (1964 b).
Holloway, B. W.: Heterocaryosis in Neurospora crassa. Ph. D. Thesis, California Institute of Technology 1953.
— Segregation of the mating-type locus in Neurospora crassa. Microbial Genet. Bull. 10, 15–16 (1954).
Horowitz, N. H., and H. MacLeod: The DNA content of Neurospora nuclei. Microbial Genet. Bull. 17, 6–7 (1960).
Houlahan, M. B., G. W. Beadle, and H. G. Calhoun: Linkage studies with biochemical mutants of Neurospora crassa. Genetics 34, 493–507 (1949).
Howe, H. B.: Crossing over in the first (sex) chromosome of Neurospora crassa. Genetics 39, 972–973 (1954).
Howe, H. B.: — Crossing over and nuclear passing in Neurospora crassa. Genetics 41, 610–622 (1956).
Howe, H. B.: — Markers and centromere distance in Neurospora tetrasperma. Genetics 48, 121–131 (1963).
Howe, H. B.: — Sources of error in genetic analysis in Neurospora tetrasperma. Genetics 50, 181–189 (1964).
Hüttig, W.: Über den Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Keimung und Geschlechtsverteilung bei Brandpilzen. Z. Bot. 24, 529–577 (1931).
Hüttig, W.: — Über physikalische und chemische Beeinflussung des Zeitpunktes der Chromosomenreduktion bei Brandpilzen. Z. Bot. 26, 1–26 (1933a).
Hüttig, W.: — Über den Einfluß von Außenbedingungen auf die Chromosomenreduktion. Züchter 5, 243–249 (1933b).
Hurst, D. D., and S. Fogel: Mitotic recombination and heteroallelic repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 50, 435–458 (1964).
Hwang, Y. L., G. Lindegren, and C. C. Lindegren: Mapping the eleventh centromere in Saccharomyces. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 5, 290–298 (1963).
Ihler, G., and M. Meselson: Genetic recombination in bacteriophage λ by breakage and joining of DNA molecules. Virology 21, 7–10 (1963).
Ikeda, Y., C. Ishitani, and K. Nakamura: A high frequency of heterozygous diploids and somatic recombination induced in imperfect fungi by ultra-violet light. J. gen. appl. Microbiol. (Tokyo) 3, 1–11 (1957).
Ishikawa, T.: Genetic studies of ad-8 mutants in Neurospora crassa. I. Genetic fine structure of the ad-8 locus. Genetics 47, 1147–1161 (1962).
Ishitani, C.: A high frequency of heterozygous diploids and somatic recombination produced by ultra-violet light in imperfect fungi. Nature (Lond.) 178, 706 (1956).
Ito, T.: Genetic study on the expression of the color factor of the ascospore in Sordaria fimicola. I. Segregation of the dark- and lightcolored ascospore. Res. Bull. Obihiro Zootech. Univ. Ser. I 3, 223–230 (1960).
James, A. P., and B. Lee-Whiting: Radiation-induced genetic segregations in vegetative cells of diploid yeast. Genetics 40, 826–831 (1955).
Janssens, F. A.: La theorie de la chiasmatypie. Nouvelle interprétation des cinèses de maturation. Cellule 25, 389–411 (1909).
Joly, P.: Données récentes sur la génétique des champignons supérieurs (Ascomycètes et Basidiomycètes). Rev. Mycol. (Paris) 29, 115–186 (1964).
Joussen, H., u. J. Kemper: Ein neues Interferenzmodell zur Aufstellung von Tetraden-Kartierungsfunktionen. Z. Vererbungsl. 91, 350–354 (1960).
Käfer, E.: An 8-chromosome map of Aspergillus nidulans. Advanc. Genet. 9, 105–145 (1958).
Käfer, E.: — The processes of spontaneous recombination in vegetative nuclei of Aspergillus nidulans. Genetics 46, 1581–1609 (1961).
— Radiation effects and mitotic recombination in diploids of Aspergillus nidulans. Genetics 48, 27–45 (1963).
— , and A. Chen: UV-induced mutations and mitotic crossing-over in dormant and germinating conidia of Aspergillus. Microbial. Genet. Bull. 20, 8–9 (1964).
Kakar, S. N.: Allelic recombination and its relation to recombination of outside markers in yeast. Genetics 48, 957–966 (1963).
Kaplan, R. W.: Genetik der Mikroorganismen. Fortschr. Bot. 22, 293–315 (1960).
Keitt, G. W., and D. M. Boone: Induction and inheritance of mutant characters in Venturia inaequalis in relation to its pathologenicity. Phytopathology 44, 362–370 (1954).
Keitt, G. W., and D. M. Boone: — — Use of induced mutations in the study of host-pathogen relationships. Genetics in Plant Breeding. Brookhaven Symp. in Biol. 9, 209–217(1956).
Kellenberger, G., M. L. Zichichi, and J. J. Weigle: Exchange of DNA in the recombination of bacteriophage. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 47, 869–878 (1961).
Kemper, J.: Temperaturabhängigkeit der Rekombinations- und Interferenzwerte bei Sordaria macrospora Auersw. Diss. Math. Naturwiss. Fak. Univ. Köln 1964.
Kikkawa, H.: Crossing over in the males of Drosophila virilis. Proc. Imp. Acad. (Tokyo) 9, 535–536 (1933).
Kikkawa, H.: — Biological significance of coincidence in crossing over. Jap. J. Genet. 11, 51–59 (1935).
Kitani, Y.: Three kinds of transreplication in Sordaria fimicola. Jap. J. Genet. 37, 131–146 (1962).
Kitani, Y. — L. S. Olive, and A. S. El-Ani: Transreplication and crossing over in Sordaria fimicola. Science 134, 668–669 (1961).
Kitani, Y. — L. S. Olive, and A. S. El-Ani:— — — Genetics of Sordaria fimicola. V. Aberrant segregation at the g locus. Amer. J. Bot. 49, 697–706 (1962).
Knapp, F.: Zur Genetik von Sphaerocarpus. (Tetradenanalytische Untersuchungen.) Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 54, 58–69 (1936).
— Crossing over und Chromosomenreduktion. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 73, 409–418 (1937).
— Tetrad analysis in green plants. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 2, 89–95 (1960).
— ,u E. Möller: Tetradenanalytische Auswertung eines Dreipunktversuches bei Sphaerocarpus donellii Aust. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 87, 298–310 (1955).
Kniep, H.: Die Sexualität der niederen Pflanzen. Jena: Gustav Fischer 1928.
Kosambi, D.D.: The estimation of map distance from recombination values. Ann. Eugen. (Lond.) 12, 172–175 (1944).
Kuenen, R.: Ein Modell zur Analyse der crossover-Interferenz. Z. Vererbungsl. 93, 35–65 (1962a).
— Crossover- und Chromatiden-Interferenz bei Podospora anserina (Ces.) Rehm. Z. Vererbungsl. 93, 66–108 (1962b).
Lederberg, J.: Recombination mechanisms in bacteria. J. cell. comp. Physiol. (Suppl. 2) 45, 75–107 (1955).
Leupold, U.: Die Vererbung von Homothallie und Heterothallie bei Schizosaecharomyces pombe. C. R. Lab. Carlsberg, Sér. Physiol. 24, 381–480 (1950).
— Physiologisch-genetische Studien an adeninabhängigen Mutanten von Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Ein Beitrag zum Problem der Pseudoallelie. Schweiz. Z. allg. Path. 20, 535–544 (1957).
— Studies on recombination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 23, 161–170 (1958).
—: Intragene Rekombination und allele Komplementierung. Arch. Klaus-Stift. Vererb.-Forsch. 36, 89–117 (1961).
—, and H. Hottinguer: Some data on segregation in Saecharomyces. Heredity 8, 243–258 (1954).
Levine, R. P., and W. T. Ebersold: Gene recombination in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 23, 101–109 (1958).
Lewis, D.s: Genetical analysis of methionine suppressors in Coprinus. Genet. Res. 2, 141–155 (1961).
—: The genetics of Neurospora. I. The inheritance of response to heat treatment. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 59, 85–102 (1932a).
—: The genetics of Neurospora. II. Segregation of the sex factors in asci of Neurospora crassa, N. sitophila and N. tetrasperma. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 59, 119–138 (1932b).
—: The genetics of Neurospora. III. Pure bred stocks and crossing over in Neurospora crassa. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 60, 133–154 (1933).
—: A six-point map of the sex chromosome of Neurospora crassa. J. Genet. 32, 243–256 (1936a).
—: The structure of the sex chromosome of Neurospora crassa. J. Hered. 27, 251–259 (1936b).
—: Chromosome maps of Saccharomyces. Proc. of the 8th Internat. Congr. of Genet. (Hereditas Suppl. Vol.) 338–355 (1949a).
—: The yeast cell, its genetics and cytology. St. Louis: Educational Publishers Ltd. 1949 b.
—: Non-mendelian segregation in a single tetrad of Saccharomyces ascribed to gene conversion. Science 121, 605–607 (1955).
—, and G. Lindegren: Non-random crossing over in Neurospora. J. Hered. 28, 105–113 (1937).
—, and —: Non-random crossing over in the second chromosome of Neurospora crassa. Genetics 24, 1–7 (1939).
—, and —: Locally specific patterns of chromatid and chromosome interference in Neurospora. Genetics 27, 1–24 (1942).
—, and — R. B. Drysdale, J. P. Hughes, and A. Brenes-Pomales: Genetical analysis of the clones from a single tetrad of Saccharomyces showing non-mendelian segregation. Genetica 28, 1–24 (1956).
—, and — E. E. Shult, and S. Desborough: Chromosome maps of Saccharomyces. Nature (Lond.) 183, 800–802 (1959).
— — —, and Y. L. Hwang: Centromeres sites of affinity and gene loci on the chromosomes of Saccharomyces. Nature (Lond.) 194, 260–265 (1962).
— — — — —: Chromosome maps of Saccharomyces. Microbial Gen. Bull., Suppl. to No 19 (1963).
—, and E. E. Shult: Non-random assortment of centromeres with implications regarding random assortment of chromosomes. Experientia (Basel) 12, 177 (1956).
Lissouba, P.: Mise en évidence d’une unité génétique polarisée et essai d’analyse d’un cas d’interférence négative. Ann. Sci. nat. Bot. 44, 641–720 (1960).
— J. Mousseau, G. Rizet, and J. L. Rossignol: Fine structure of genes in the ascomycete Ascobolus immersus. Advanc. Genet. 11, 343–380 (1962).
—, et G. Rizet: Sur l’existence d’une unité génétique polarisée ne subissant que des échanges non réciproques. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 250, 3408 – 3410 (1960).
Ludwig, W.: Über numerische Beziehungen der crossover-Werte untereinander. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 67, 58–95 (1934).
—: Über die Häufigkeit von Prä- und Postreduktion. Z. indukt. Abstamm.-u. Vererb.-Lehre 73, 332–346 (1937a).
—: Faktorenkoppelung und Faktorenaustausch bei normalem und aberrantem Chromosomenbestand. Leipzig: Georg Thieme 1938.
Luria, S. E.: Reactivation of irradiated bacteriophage by transfer of self reproducing units. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci (Wash.) 33, 253–263 (1947).
Makarewicz, A.: First results of genetic analysis in series 726 of Ascobolus immersus. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 33, 1–8 (1964).
Maling, B.: Linkage data for group IV markers in Neurospora. Genetics 44, 1215–1220 (1959).
Manney, T. R.: Action of a super-suppressor in yeast in relation to allelic mapping and complementation. Genetics 50, 109–121 (1964).
Manney, T. R., and R. K. Mortimer: Allelic mapping in yeast using X-ray-induced mitotic reversion. Science 143, 581–582 (1964).
Mather, K.: Reductional and equational seperation of the chromosomes in bivalents and multivalents. J. Genet. 30, 53–78 (1935).
Mathieson, M. J.: Polarized segregation in Bombardia lunata. Ann. of Bot., N.S. 20, 623–634 (1956).
McClintock, B.: Neurospora. I. Preliminary observations of the chromosomes of Neurospora crassa. Amer. J. Bot. 32, 671–678 (1945).
McElroy, W. D., and B. Glass (edits.): The chemical basis of heredity. Baltimore 1957.
McNelly, C. A., and L. C. Frost: The effect of temperature on the frequency of recombination in Neurospora crassa. Genetics 48, 900 (Abstr.) (1963).
Meselson, M., and J. J. Weigle: Chromosome breakage accompanying genetic recombination in bacteriophage. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 47, 857–868 (1961).
Michie, D.: Affinity: A new genetic phenomenon in the house mouse. Evidence from distant crosses. Nature (Lond.) 171, 26–27 (1953).
—: Affinity. Proc. rov. Soc. B 144, 241–259 (1955).
Middleton, R. B.: Sexual and somatic recombination in common-AB heterokaryons of Schizophyllum commune. Genetics 50, 701–710 (1964).
Miller, M. W., and E. A. Bevan: Radio-protective chemicals and genetic recombination in Sordaria fimicola. Nature (Lond.) 202, 716 (1964).
Mitchell, H. K.: Crossing over and gene conversion in Neurospora. In: W. D. McElroy and B. Glass (edits), The chemical basis of heredity, pp. 94–113. Baltimore 1957.
Mitchell, M. B.: Aberrant recombination of pyridoxine mutants of Neurospora. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 41, 215–220 (1955 a).
—: Further evidence of aberrant recombination in Neurospora. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 41, 935–937 (1955b).
—: Genetic recombination in Neurospora. Genetics 43, 799–813 (1958).
—: Detailed analysis of a Neurospora cross. Genetics 44, 847–856 (1959).
—: Ascus formation and recombinant frequencies in Neurospora crassa. Genetics 45, 507–517 (1960a).
—: Evidence of non-random distribution of ascus classes in fruiting bodies of Neurospora crassa. Genetics 45, 1245–1251 (1960b).
—: Indications of pre-ascus recombination in Neurospora crosses. Genetics 48, 553–559 (1963).
—: Phenotype distributions in asci of Neurospora crassa. Amer. J. Bot. 51, 88–96 (1964).
Mitchell, M. B., and H. K. Mitchell: A partial map of linkage group D in Neurospora crassa. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 40, 436–440 (1954).
— T. H. Pittenger, and H. K. Mitchell: Pseudowild types in Neurospora crassa. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 38, 569–580 (1952).
Möller, E.: Über Chromatideninterferenz. Z. Vererbungsl. 90, 409–420
(1959).
Monnot, F.: Sur la localisation du gène S sur quelques particularités du crossing over chez Podospora anserina. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 236, 2330–2332 (1953).
Morgan, L. V.: A closed x-chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 18, 250–283 (1933).
Morgan, T. H.: An attempt to analyse the constitution of the chromosomes on the basis of sex-linked inheritance in Drosophila. J. exp. Zool. 11, 365–415 (1911a).
—: Random segregation versus coupling in mendelian inheritance. Science 34, 384 (1911b).
—: The theory of the gene. New Haven: Yale University Press 1926.
Morpurgo, G.: Somatic segregation induced by p-fluorophenylalanine. Aspergillus News Letter 2, 10 (1961).
—: Increased frequency of somatic crossing over by X rays in Aspergillus nidulans. Microbial Genet. Bull. 18, 18–20 (1962a).
—: Quantitative measurement of induced somatic segregation in Aspergillus nidulans. Sci. Rep. 1st. sup. Sanità (Roma) 2, 324–329 (1962b).
Morpurgo, G.: Induction of mitotic crossing over in Aspergillus nidulans by bifunctional alkylating agents. Genetics 48, 1259–1263 (1963).
Morpurgo, G., and G. Sermonti: Chemically-induced instabilities in a heterozygous diploid of Penicillium chrysogenum. Genetics 44, 137–152 (1959).
Mortimer, R. K., and D. C. Hawthorne: Chromosome maps of Saccharomyces. Microbial Gen. Bull., Suppl. to No 19 (1963).
Muller, H. J.: Further studies on the nature and causes of gene mutations. Proc. 6th Intern. Congr. Genet. 1, 213–214 (1932).
Mundkur, B. D.: Evidence excluding mutations, polysomy, and polyploidy as possible causes of non-mendelian segregations in Saccharomyces. Ann. Missouri bot. Gard. 26, 259–280 (1949).
—: Irregular segregations in yeast hybrids. Curr. Sci. 19, 84–85 (1950).
Murray, N. E.: The distribution of methionine loci in Neurospora crassa. Heredity 15, 199–206 (1960a).
—: Complementation and recombination between methionine-2 alleles in Neurospora crassa. Heredity 15, 207–217 (1960b).
—: Polarized recombination and fine structure within the me-2 gene of Neurospora crassa. Genetics 48, 1163–1184 (1963).
Nakamura, K.: An ascospore color mutant of Neurospora crassa. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 74, 104–109 (1961).
Oehlkers, F.: Meiosis und crossing over. Biol. Zbl. 60, 337–348 (1940a).
—: Meiosis und crossing over. Cytogenetische Untersuchungen an Oenothera. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 78, 157–168 (1940b).
Ogur, M., S. Minckler, G. Lindegren, and C. C. Lindegren: The nucleic acids in a polyploid series of Saccharomyces. Arch. Biochem. 40, 175–184 (1952).
Olive, L. S.: Genetics of Sordaria fimicola. I. Ascospore colour mutants. Amer. J. Bot. 43, 97–107 (1956).
—: Aberrant tetrads in Sordaria fimicola. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 45, 727–732 (1959).
—: Mechanisms of genetic recombination in the fungi. In: G. Dalldorf (edit.), Fungi and fungous diseases. Springfield 1962.
Owen, A. R. G.: The theory of genetical recombination. Advanc. Genet. 3, 117–157 (1950).
Patau, K.: Cytologischer Nachweis einer positiven Interferenz über das Centromer. (Der Paarungskoeffizient I.) Chromosoma (Berl.) 2, 36–63 (1941).
Papazian, H. P.: Physiology of the incompatibility factors in Schizophyllum commune. Bot. Gaz. 112, 143–163 (1950a).
—: A method of isolating the four spores from a single basidium in Schizophyllum commune. Bot. Gaz. 112, 139–140 (1950b).
—: The incompatibility factors and a related gene in Schizophyllum commune. Genetics 36, 441–459 (1951).
—: The analysis of tetrad data. Genetics 37, 175–188 (1952).
—: Cluster model of crossing over. Genetics 45, 1169–1175 (1960).
—: and C. C. Lindegren: A study of irregular quadruplets in S aecharomyces. Genetics 45, 847–854 (1960).
Parag, Y.: Studies on somatic recombination in dikaryons of Schizophyllum commune. Heredity 17, 305–318 (1962).
Parsons, P. A.: Genetical interference in maize. Nature (Lond.) 179, 161–162 (1957).
— Genetical interference in Drosophila spp. Nature (Lond.) 182, 1815–1816 (1958).
Pateman, J. A.: Aberrant recombination at the am locus in Neurospora crassa. Nature (Lond.) 181, 1605–1606 (1958).
— High negative interference at the am locus in Neurospora crassa. Genetics 45, 839–846 (1960a).
— Inter-relationships of the alleles at the am locus in Neurospora crassa. J. gen. Microbiol. 23, 393–399 (1960b).
Payne, L. C.: The theory of genetical recombination: a general formulation for a certain class of intercept length distribution appropriate to the discussion of multiple linkage. Proc. roy. Soc. B 144, 528–544 (1956).
— The theory of genetical recombination: effect of changing the 1/4 <Emphasis Type=“Italic”>χ</Emphasis><Stack><Subscript>4</Subscript><Superscript>2</Superscript></Stack> intercept length distribution. Heredity 11, 129–139 (1957).
Perkins, D. D.: Biochemical mutants in the smut fungus Ustilago maydis. Genetics 34, 607–626 (1949).
Perkins, D. D.: — The detection of linkage in tetrad analysis. Genetics 38, 187–197 (1953).
— Tetrads and crossing over. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 45, 119–149 (1955).
— Crossing over in a multiply marked chromosome arm of Neurospora. Microbial Genet. Bull. 13, 22–23 (1956).
— New markers and multiple point linkage data in Neurospora. Genetics 44, 1185–1208 (1959).
— The frequency in Neurospora tetrads of multiple exchanges within short intervals. Genet. Res. 3, 315–327 (1962a).
— Crossing over and interference in a multiply marked chromosome arm of Neurospora. Genetics 47, 1253–1274 (1962b).
— A. S. El-Ani, L. S. Olive and Y. Kitani: Interference between exchanges in tetrads of Sordaria fimicola. Amer. Naturalist 97, 249–252 (1963).
— M. Glassey, and B. A. Bloom: New data on markers and rearrangements in Neurospora. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 4, 187–205 (1962).
—, and C. Ishitani: Linkage data for group III markers in Neurospora. Genetics 44, 1209–1213 (1959).
—, and N. E. Murray: New markers and linkage data. Neurospora Newsletter 4, 26–27 (1963).
Pittenger, T. H.: The general incidence of pseudo-wild types in Neurospora crassa. Genetics 39, 326–342 (1954).
— Mitotic instability of pseudo-wild types in Neurospora. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Genet. 2, 218 (1958).
—, and M. B. Coyle: Somatic recombination in pseudowild-type cultures of Neurospora crassa. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 49, 445–455 (1963).
Plough, H. H.: The effect of temperature on crossing over in Drosophila. J. exp. Zool. 24, 147–210 (1917).
Pontecorvo, G.: Mitotic recombination in the genetic systems of filamentous fungi. Proc. 9th Intern. Congr. Genet. 1953a.
— The genetics of Aspergillus nidulans. Advanc. Genet. 5, 141–238 (1953 b).
— Mitotic recombination in the genetic systems of filamentous fungi. Caryologia, Vol. suppl. 1–9 (1954).
— Trends in genetic analysis. New York: Columbia University Press 1958.
—, and E. Käfer: Genetic analysis based on mitotic recombination. Advanc. Genet. 9, 71–104 (1958).
—, and J. A. Roper: Genetic analysis without sexual reproduction by means of polyploidy in Aspergillus nidulans. J. gen. Microbiol. 6, VII (1952).
— — Diploids and mitotic recombination. Advanc. Genet. 5, 218–233 (1953).
— — Resolving power of genetic analysis. Nature (Lond.) 178, 83–84 (1956).
— — L. M. Hemmons, K. D. MacDonald and A. W. J. Bufton: The genetics of Aspergillus nidulans. Advanc. Genet. 5, 141–238 (1953).
—, and G. Sermonti: Parasexual recombination in Penicillium chrysogenum. J. gen. Microbiol. 11, 94–104 (1954).
Prakash, V.: Parental and non-parental association of centromeres in Neurospora crassa. 11th Intern. Congr. Genet. 2. The Hague, 1963a (in press).
— Effects of chelating agents on crossing over in Neurospora crassa. Genetica 34, 121–151 (1963b).
— Chromatid interference in Neurospora crassa. Genetics 50, 297–321 (1964).
Prévost, G.: Etude génétique d’un basidiomycète: Coprinus radiatus Fr. ex Bolt. Thèse Fac. de Science, Université Paris 1962.
Pritchard, R. H.: The linear arrangement of a series of alleles of Aspergillus nidulans. Heredity 9, 343–371 (1955).
— Recombination and negative interference in Aspergillus nidulans. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Genet. 2, 223–224 (1958).
— Localized negative interference and its bearing on models of gene recombination. Genet. Res. 1, 1–24 (1960).
— Mitotic recombination in fungi. In: W. J. Burdette (edit.), Methodology in basic genetics, pp. 228–246. San Francisco 1963.
Prud’homme, N.: Recombinations chromosomique extra-basidales chez un basidiomycète «Coprinus radiatus» Ann. Génét. 4, 63–66 (1963).
Quintanilha, A.: Le problème de la sexualité chez les Basidiomycètes. Recherches sur le genre „Coprinus“. Bol. soc. Broteriana 8, 1–99 (1933).
Rademacher, L.: Mathematische Theorie der Genkopplung unter Berücksichtigung der Interferenz. J.ber. schles. Ges. vaterl. Kultur 105, 83–92 (1932).
Raper, J. R., M. G. Baxter, and R. B. Middleton: The genetic structure of the incompatibility factors in Schizophyllum commune. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 44, 889–900 (1958).
—, and P. G. Miles: The genetics of Schizophyllum commune. Genetics 43, 530–566 (1958).
Regnery, D. C.: A study of the leucineless mutants of Neurospora crassa. Ph. D. Thesis, California Institute of Technology 1947.
Reimann-Philipp, R.: Genetische Untersuchungen an den Tetraden einer höheren Pflanze (Salpiglossis variabilis). Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 87, 187–207 (1955).
Rifaat, O. M.: Genetical studies on the mating-type chromosome of Neurospora crassa. Ph. D. Thesis Cambridge 1956.
— A possible inversion in the mating-type chromosome of Neurospora crassa. Genetica 29, 193–205 (1958).
— Effect of temperature on crossing over in Neurospora crassa. Genetica 30, 312–323 (1959).
Rizet, G., et C. Engelmann: Contribution à l’étude génétique d’un ascomycète tetrasporé: Podospora anserina. Rev. Cytol. Biol. végét. 11, 201–304 (1949).
— P. Lissouba et J. Mousseau: Sur l’interférence négative au sein d’une série d’allèles chez Ascobolus immersus. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 11, 1967–1970 (1960a).
— — — Les mutations d’ascospore chez l’ascomycète Ascobolus immersus et l’analyse de la structure fine des gènes. Bull. Soc. franç. Physiol. Vég. 6, 175–193 (1960b).
—, et J. L. Rossignol: Sur la dissymmétrie de certaines conversions et sur la dimension de l’erreur de copie chez l’Ascobolus immersus. Revista Biol. 3, 261–268 (1963).
Roman, H.: Studies of gene mutation in Saccharomyces. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 21, 175–185 (1956).
— Sur les recombinaisons non réciproques chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae et sur les problèms posés par ces phénomènes. Ann. Génét. 1, 11–17 (1958).
— Genic conversion in fungi. In: W. J. Burdette (edit.), Methodology in basic genetics, pp. 209–227. San Francisco 1963.
— D. C. Hawthorne, and H. C. Douglas: Polyploidy in yeast and its bearing on the occurrence of irregular genetic ratios. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 37, 79–84 (1951).
—, and F. Jacob: A comparison of spontaneous and ultraviolet-induced allelic recombination with reference to the recombination of outside markers. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 23, 155–160 (1958).
Roper, J. A.: A search for linkage between genes determing vitamin requirements. Nature (Lond.) 166, 956 (1950).
— Production of heterozygous diploids in filamentous fungi. Experientia (Basel) 8, 14–15 (1952).
—, and R. H. Pritchard: The recovery of the complementary products of mitotic crossing over. Nature (Lond.) 175, 639 (1955).
Rossignol, J. L.: Phénomènes de recombinaison intragénique et unite fonctionnelle d’un locus chez l’Ascobolus immersus. Thèse Fac. de Science, Univ. Paris 1964.
Ryan, F. J.: Crossing over and second division segregation in fungi. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 70, 605–611 (1943).
Schwartz, D.: Evidence for sister-strand crossing over in maize. Genetics 38, 251–260 (1953).
— Studies on the mechanism of crossing over. Genetics 39, 692–700 (1954).
Schweitzer, M. D.: An analytical study of crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 20, 497–527 (1935).
Sermonti, G.: Analysis of vegetative segregation and recombination in Penicillium chrysogenum. Genetics 42, 433–443 (1957).
Serres, F. J. de: Studies with purple adenine mutants in Neurospora crassa. I. Structural and functional complexity in the ad-3 region. Genetics 41, 668–676 (1956).
Serres, F. J. de: — Recombination and interference in the ad-3 region of Neurospora crassa. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 23, 111–118 (1958a).
— Studies with purple adenine mutants in Neurospora crassa. III. Reversion of x-ray-induced mutants. Genetics 43, 187–206 (1958b).
— Studies with purple adenine mutants in Neurospora crassa. V. Evidence for allelic complementation among ad-3B mutants. Genetics 48, 351–360 (1963).
— Genetic analysis of the structure of the ad-3 region of Neurospora crassa by means of irreparable recessive lethal mutations. Genetics 50, 21–30 (1964).
Shaw, J.: Asymmetrical segregation of mating type and two morphological mutant loci in Sordaria brevicollis. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 89, 83–91 (1962).
Sherman, F., and H. Roman: Evidence for two types of allelic recombination in yeast. Genetics 48, 255–261 (1963).
Shult, E. E., and S. Desborough: The application to tetrad-analysis-data from Saccharomyces, of principles for establishing the linear order of genetic factors. Genética 31, 147–187(1960).
— — and C. C. Lindegren: Preferential segregation in Saccharomyces. Genet. Res. 3, 196–209 (1962).
—, and C. C. Lindegren: The determination of the arrangement of genes from tetrad data. Cytologia (Tokyo) 20, 291–295 (1955).
— — A general theory of crossing over. J. Genet. 54, 343–357 (1956a).
— — Mapping methods in tetrad analysis. I. Provisional arrangement and ordering of loci preliminary to map construction by analysis of tetrad distribution. Genetica 28, 165–176 (1956b).
— —Orthoorientation: A new tool for genetical analysis. Genetica 29, 58–72 (1957).
— —A survey of genetic methodology from mendelism to tetrad analysis. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 1, 189–201 (1959).
Siddiqi, O. H.: The fine genetic structure of the paba-1 region of Aspergillus nidulans. Genet. Res. 3, 69–89 (1962).
—, and A. Putrament: Polarized negative interference in the paba-1 region of Aspergillus nidulans. Genet. Res. 4, 12–20 (1963).
Singleton, J. R.: Cytogenetic studies of Neurospora crassa. Ph. D. Thesis, California Inst. of Technology 1948.
—Chromosome morphology and the chromosome cycle in the ascus of Neurospora crassa. Amer. J. Bot. 40, 124–144 (1953).
Smith, F. H.: Influence of temperature on crossing over in Drosophila. Nature (Lond.) 138, 329–330 (1936).
Spiegelman, S.: Mapping functions in tetrad and recombinant analysis. Science 116, 510–512 (1952).
Srb, A. M.: Ornithine-arginine metabolism in Neurospora and its genetic control. Ph. D. Thesis, Stanford University 1946.
Stadler, D. R.: A map of linkage group VI of Neurospora crassa. Genetics 41, 528–543 (1956a).
—Double crossing over in Neurospora. Genetics 41, 623–630 (1956b).
—Heritable factors influencing crossing over frequency in Neurospora. Microbial. Genet. Bull. 13, 32–34 (1956c).
—Gene conversion of cysteine mutants in Neurospora. Genetics 44, 647 – 655 (1959a).
—The relationship of gene conversion to crossing over in Neurospora. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 45, 1625–1629 (1959b).
—Observations on the polaron model for genetic recombination. Heredity 18, 233–242 (1963).
—, and A. M. Towe: Genetic factors influencing crossing over frequency in Neurospora. Genetics 47, 839–846 (1962).
— —Recombination of allelic cysteine mutants in Neurospora. Genetics 48, 1323–1344 (1963).
Stahl, F. W.: A chain model for chromosomes. J. Chim. Phys. 56, 1072–1077 (1961).
—The mechanics of inheritance. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1964.
Stent, G. S.: Molecular biology of bacterial viruses. San Francisco and London 1963.
Stern, C.: An effect of temperature and age on crossing over in the first chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 12, 530–532 (1926).
—Somatic crossing over and segregation in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 21, 625–730 (1936).
St. Lwrence, P.: The q locus of Neurospora crassa. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci (Wash.) 42, 189–194 (1956).
—, and D. M. Bonner: Gene conversion and problems of allelism. In: W. D. McElroy and B. Glass (edits.), The chemical basis of heredity, pp. 114–122. Baltimore 1957.
Streisinger, G., and N. Franklin: Mutation and recombination at the host range genetic region of phage T 2. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 21, 103–109 (1956).
Strickland, W. N.: Abnormal tetrads in Aspergillus nidulans. Proc. roy. Soc. B 148, 533–542 (1958a).
—An analysis of interference in Aspergillus nidulans. Proc. roy. Soc. B 149, 82–101 (1958b).
—A rapid method for obtaining unordered Neurospora tetrads. J. gen. Microbiol. 22, 583–585 (1960).
—Tetrad analysis of short chromosome regions of Neurospora crassa. Genetics 46, 1125–1141 (1961).
—D. D. Perkins, and C. C. Veatch: Linkage data for group V markers in Neurospora. Genetics 44, 1221–1226 (1959).
Stromnaes, Ø., and E. D. Garber: Heterocaryosis and the parasexual cycle in Aspergillus fumigatus. Genetics 48, 653–662 (1962).
Surzycki, S., and A. Paszewski: Non-random segregation of chromosomes in Ascobolus immersus. Genet. Res. 5, 20–26 (1964).
Suyama, Y., K. D. Munkres, and V. W. Woodward: Genetic analyses of the pyr-3 locus of Neurospora crassa: the bearing of recombination and gene conversion upon intraallelic linearity. Genetica 30, 293–311 (1959).
Swiezynski, K. M.: Somatic recombination of two linkage groups in Coprinus lagopus. Genetica Polonica 4, 21–36 (1963).
Tatum, E. L., and T. T. Bell: Neurospora. III. Biosynthesis of thiamin. Amer. J. Bot. 33, 15–20 (1946).
Taylor, J. H.: The time and mode of duplication of the chromosomes. Amer. Naturalist 91, 209–221 (1957).
—The organization and duplication of genetic material. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Genet. 1, 63 (1958).
—P. S. Woods, and W. L. Hughes: The organization and duplication of chromosomes as revealed by autoradiographic studies using tritiumlabeled thymidine. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci (Wash.) 43, 122–127 (1957).
Teas, H. J.: The biochemistry and genetics of threonine-requiring mutants of Neurospora crassa. Ph. D. Thesis, California Inst. of Technology 1947.
Threlkeld, S. F. H.: Effect of 5-bromouracil on ascus patterns in some Neurospora crosses. Nature (Lond.) 193, 1108–1109 (1962a).
—Some asci with nonidentical sister spores from a cross in Neurospora crassa. Genetics 47, 1187–1198 (1962b).
—Pantothenic acid requirement for spore color in Neurospora crassa. Canap J. Genet. and Cytol. 7, 171–173 (1965).
Towe, A.M.: Factors influencing crossing over in Neurospora. Microbial Genet. Bull. 16, 31–32 (1958).
—, and D. R. Stadler: Effects of temperature on crossing over in Neurospora. Genetics 49, 577–583 (1964).
Wallace, M. E.: Affinity, a new genetic phenomenon in the house mouse. Evidence within laboratory stocks. Nature (Lond.) 171, 27–28 (1953).
—The use of affinity in chromosome mapping. Biometrics 13, 98–110 (1957).
—Experimental evidence for a new genetic phenomenon. Phil. Trans. B 241, 211–254 (1958a).
—New linkage and independence data for ruby and jerker in the mouse. Heredity 12, 453–462 (1958b).
—An experimental test of the hypothesis of affinity. Genetica 29, 243–255 (1959).
—A possible case of affinity in tomatoes. Heredity 14, 275–283 (1960a).
—Possible cases of affinity in cotton. Heredity 14, 263–274 (1960b).
—Affinity: evidence from crossing inbred lines of mice. Heredity 16, 1–23 (1961).
Weijer, J.: Aberrant recombination at the td locus of Neurospora crassa and its mendelian interpretation. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 1, 147–160 (1959).
Weinstein, A.: Unraveling the chromosomes. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 45, Suppl. 2, 249–269 (1955).
Welshon, W. J.: A comparative study of crossing over in attached x-chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 40, 918–936 (1955).
Westergaard, M.: Studies on the mechanism of crossing over. I. Theoretical considerations. C. R. Lab. Carlsberg, Sér. Physiol. 34, 359–405 (1964).
Wettstein, F. v.: Morphologie und Physiologie des Formenwechsels. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 33, 1–236 (1924).
Wheeler, H. E.: Linkage groups in Glomerella. Amer. J. Bot. 43, 1–6 (1956).
—, and C. H. Driver: Genetics and cytology of a mutant, dwarf-spored Glomerella. Amer. J. Bot. 40, 694–702 (1953).
Whitehouse, H. L. K.: Crossing over in Neurospora. New Phytologist 41, 23–62 (1942).
—Genetics of ascomycetes. Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge Univ. 1948.
—Multiple-allelomorph heterothallism in the fungi. New Phytologist 48, 212–244 (1949).
—Mapping chromosome centromeres by the analysis of unordered tetrads. Nature (Lond.) 165, 893 (1950).
—Analysis of unordered tetrads segregating for lethal or other epistatic factor. Nature (Lond.) 172, 463–464 (1954).
Whitehouse, H. L. K.: The use of loosely-linked genes to estimate chromatid interference by tetrad analysis. C. R. Lab. Carlsberg, Sér. Physiol. 26, 407–422 (1956).
—Use of tetratype frequencies for estimating spindle overlapping at the second division of meiosis in “ordered” tetrads. Nature (Lond.) 179, 162–163 (1957a).
—Mapping chromosome centromeres from tetratype frequencies. J. Genet. 55, 348–360 (1957b).
—A theory of crossing over by means of hybrid deoxyribonucleic acid. Nature (Lond.) 199, 1034–1040 (1963).
—, and J. B. S. Haldane: Symmetrical and asymmetrical reduction in ascomycetes. J. Genet. 47, 208–212 (1946).
—, and P. J. Hastings: The analysis of genetic recombination on the polaron hybrid DNA model. Genet. Res. (in press) (1965).
Wilkie, D., and D. Lewis: The effect of ultraviolet light on recombination in yeast. Genetics 48, 1701–1716 (1963).
Williams, E. B., and J. R. Shay: The relationship of genes for pathogenicity and certain other characters in Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint. Genetics 42, 704–711 (1957).
Winge, Ö., and C. Roberts: Non-mendelian segregation from heterozygotic yeast asci. Nature (Lond.) 165, 157–158 (1950).
— —On tetrad analysis apparently inconsistent with mendelian law. Heredity 8, 295–304 (1954a).
— —Causes of deviations from 2:2 segregations in the tetrads of monohybrid yeasts. C. R. Lab. Carlsberg, Sér. Physiol. 25, 285–329 (1954b).
— —Remarks on irregular segregations in Saccharomyces. Genética 28, 489–496 (1957).
Winkler, H.: Die Konversion der Gene. Jena: Gustav Fischer 1930.
Wolff, S.: Are sister chromatid exchanges sister strand crossovers or radiation-induced exchanges? Mutation Research 1, 337–343 (1964).
Wülker, H.: Untersuchungen über Tetradenaufspaltung bei Neurospora sitophila Shear et Dodge. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 69, 210–248 (1935).
Zickler, H.: Das Sichtbarwerden der Mendelspaltung im Ascus von Bombardia lunata. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 52, 11–14 (1934 a).
—Genetische Untersuchungen an einem heterothallischen Ascomyceten (Bombardia lunata, nov. spec). Planta (Berl.) 22, 573–613 (1934b).
—Die Vererbung des Geschlechts bei dem Ascomyceten Bombardia lunata Zckl. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 73, 403–408 (1937).
References which have come to the authors’ attention after conclusion of the German manuscript A IV/V
Berg, C. M.: Biased distribution and polarized segregation in asci of Sordaria brevicollis. Genetics 53, 117–129 (1966).
Chen, K. C.: Evidence for the genetic control of asymmetrical segregation in Sordaria brevicollis. Genetics 50, 240–241 (1964).
—, and L. S. Olive: The genetics of Sordaria brevicollis. II. Biased segregation due to spindle overlap. Genetics 51, 761–766 (1965).
Scott-Emuakpor, M. B.: Random segregation in Neurospora. Genetica 36, 407–411 (1965).
A VI
Cowan, J. W., and D. Lewis: Somatic recombination in the dikaryon of Coprinus lagopus. Genet. Res. 7, 235–244 (1966).
Garber, E. D., and L. Beraha: Genetics of phytopathogenic fungi. XIV. The parasexual cycle in Penicillium expansum. Genetics 52, 487–492 (1965).
Hoffmann, G. M.: Untersuchungen über die Heterokaryosebildung und den Parasexualcyclus bei Fusarium oxysporum. III. Paarungsversuche mit auxotrophen Mutanten von Fusarium oxysporum f. callistephi. Arch. Mikrobiol. 56, 40–59 (1967).
Maluzynski, M.: Recombination in crosses between biochemical mutants of Coprinus lagopus. Acta Soc. Bot. Bol. 35, 191–199 (1966).
B I, 1
Cooke, F.: Recombination values in Neurospora. A pitfall in statistical analysis and application of a correction factor. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 8, 733–736 (1966).
Howe, H. B.: Vegetative traits associated with mating type in Neurospora tetrasperma. Mycologia 56, 519–525 (1964).
Pateman, J. A., and B. T. O. Lee: Segregation of polygenes in ordered tetrads. Heredity 15, 351–361 (1960).
B II, 1
Howe, H. B.: Determining mating type in Neurospora without crossing tests. Nature (Lond.) 190, 1036 (1961).
— and P. Haysman: Linkage group establishment in Neurospora tetrasperma by interspecific hybridization with N. crassa. Genetics 54, 293–302 (1966).
Mitchell, M. B.: A model predicting characteristics of genetic maps in Neurospora crassa. Nature (Lond.) 205, 680–682 (1965 a).
— An extended model of periodic linkage in Neurospora crassa. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 7, 563–570 (1965b).
B II, 2
Begueret, J.: Sur la répartition en groupes de liaison de gènes concernant la morphologie des ascospores chez le Podospora anserina. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 264, 462–465 (1967).
McCully, K. S.: The use of p-fluorophenylalanine with “master strains” of Aspergillus nidulans for assigning genes to linkage groups. Genet. Res. 6, 352–359 (1965).
B II, 3
Boucharenc, M., J. Mousseau et J. L. Rossignol: Sur l’action de la température sur la fréquence des recombinaisons réciproques et non réciproques au sein du locus 75 de l’Ascobolus immersus. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 262, 1589–1592 (1966).
Cameron, H. R., K. S. Hsu, and D. D. Perkins: Crossing over frequency following inbreeding in Neurospora. Genetica 37, 1–6 (1966).
Esposito, R. E., and R. Holliday: The effect of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine on genetic replication and mitotic crossing over in synchronized cultures of Ustilago maydis. Genetics 50, 1009–1017 (1964).
Griffiths, A. J. F., and S. F. H. Threlkeld: Internuclear effects on prototroph frequencies of some crosses in Neurospora crassa. Genetics 54, 77–87 (1966).
Holliday, R.: Induced mitotic crossing-over in relation to genetic replication in synchronously dividing cells of Ustilago maydis. Genet. Res. Camb. 6, 104–120 (1965).
— UV-induced mitotic recombination in the paba 1 region of Aspergillus nidulans. Genetica 35, 127–131 (1964).
Jansen, G. J. O.: UV-induced mitotic recombination in the paba 1 cistron of Aspergillus nidulans. Diss. Utrecht 1966.
Kwiatkowski, Z.: Studies on the mechanism of gene recombination in Aspergillus. I. Analysis of stimulating effect of the removal of some metallic ions on mitotic recombination. Acta microbiol. pol. 14, 3–13 (1965).
Kwiatkowski, Z., and K. Grad: A comparison of the ultraviolet effect on the mitotic recombination in two different cistrons of Aspergillus nidulans. Acta microbiol. pol. 14, 15–18 (1965).
Lavigne, S., and L. C. Frost: Recombination frequency and wild-type ancestry in linkage group I of Neurospora crassa. Genet. Res. Camb. 5, 366–378 (1964).
McNelly-Ingle, C. A., B. C. Lamb, and L. C. Frost: The effect of temperature on recombination frequency in Neurospora crassa. Genet. Res. 7, 169–183 (1966).
Parry, J. M., and B. S. Cox: Photoreactivation of ultraviolet induced reciprocal recombination, gene conversion and mutation to prototrophy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. gen. Microbiol. 402, 235–241 (1965).
Prakash, V.: Intra-chromosomal position interference in Neurospora crassa. Genetica 35, 287–322 (1964).
Scott-Emuakpor, M. B.: Genetic recombination in Neurospora crassa and N. sitophila. Genet. Res. Camb. 6, 216–225 (1965).
Wolff, S., and F. J. de Serres: Chemistry of crossing-over. Nature (Lond.) 213, 1091–1092 (1967).
Zimmermann, F. K., R. Schwaier, and U. v. Laer: Mitotic recombination induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with nitrous acid, diethylsulfate and carcinogenic, alkylating nitrosamides. Z. Vererbungsl. 98, 230–246 (1966).
B III, 1
Baker, W. K., and J. A. Swatek: A more critical test of hypotheses of crossing over which involve sister-strand exchange. Genetics 52, 191–202 (1965).
Scott-Emuakpor, M. B.: Interference studies in Neurospora crassa and N. sitophila. Genet. Res. Camb. 6, 226–229 (1965).
B III, 2
Prakash, V.: Intra-chromosomal position interference in Neurospora crassa. Genetica 35, 287–322 (1964).
B IV, 3
Barry, E. G.: Chromosome aberrations in Neurospora and the correlation of chromosomes and linkage groups. Genetics 55, 21–32 (1967).
Chen, K. C.: The genetics of Sordaria brevicollis. I. Determination of seven linkage groups. Genetics 51, 509–517 (1965).
Howe, H. B., and P. Haysman: Linkage group establishment in Neurospora tetrasperma by interspecific hybridization with N. crassa. Genetics 54, 293–302 (1966).
Mortimer, R. K., and D. C. Hawthorne: Genetic mapping in Saccharomyces. Genetics 53, 165–173 (1966).
Paszewski, A., S. Surzycki, and M. Mankowska: Chromosome maps in Ascobolus immersus (Rizet’s strain). Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 35, 181–188 (1966).
B V, 1
Coyle, M. B., and T. H. Pittenger: Mitotic recombination in pseudowild types of Neurospora. Genetics 52, 609–625 (1965).
Hoffmann, G. M.: Untersuchungen über die Heterokaryosebildung und Parasexualcyclus bei Fusarium oxysporum. III. Paarungsversuche mit auxotrophen Mutanten von Fusarium oxysporum f. callistephi. Arch. Mikrobiol. 56, 40–59 (1967).
Johnston, J. R., and J. M. Mackinnon: Spontaneous and induced mitotic recombination in diploid and tetraploid Saccharomyces. Abstract, 2nd Internat. Symp. on Yeasts, Bratislava 1966.
Maluzynski, M.: Recombination in crosses between biochemical mutants of Coprinus lagopus. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 35, 191–199 (1966).
Prud’homme, N.: Somatic recombination in Coprinus radiatus. In: Incompatibility in fungi (K. Esser and J. R. Raper, eds.), p. 48–52. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1965.
C I, 1
Leupold, U., and H. Gutz: Genetic fine structure in Schizosaccharomyces. Proc. XIth Int. Congr. Genetics, The Hague 1964, p. 31–35.
Smith, B. R.: Genetic control of recombination. I. The recombination-2 gene of Neurospora crassa. Heredity 21, 48l–498 (1966).
C I, 2
Barricelli, N. A., and K. Wolfe: Localized negative interference, some of its manifestations and biological function. Z. Vererbungsl. 96, 307–312 (1965).
Bausum, H. T., and R. P. Wagner: “Selfing” and other forms of aberrant recombination in isoleucine-valine mutants of Neurospora. Genetics 51, 815–830 (1965).
Emerson, S., and C. C. C. Yu-Sun: Gene conversion in the pasadena strain of Ascobolus immersus. Genetics 55, 39–47 (1967).
Hartley, M. J., and W. J. Whittington: Possible effect of mitotic recombination on gene conversion and negative interference. Nature (Lond.) 209, 698–700 (1966).
Pees, E.: Polarized negative interference in the lys-51 region of Aspergillus nidulans. Experientia (Basel) 21, 514 (1965).
Putrament, A.: Mitotic recombination in the paba 1 cistron of Aspergillus nidulans. Genet. Res. Camb. 5, 316–327 (1964).
Smith, B. R.: Genetic control of recombination. I. The recombination-2 gene of Neurospora crassa. Heredity 21, 481–498 (1966).
C II, 1
Bausum, H. T., and R. P. Wagner: “Selfing” and other forms of aberrant recombination in isoleucine-valine mutants of Neurospora. Genetics 51, 815–830 (1965).
Emerson, S.: Quantitative implications of the DNA-repair model of gene conversion. Genetics 53, 475–485 (1966).
Hartley, M. J., and W. J. Whittington: Possible effect of mitotic recombination on gene conversion and negative interference. Nature (Lond.) 209, 698–700 (1966).
Holliday, R.: Studies on mitotic gene conversion in Ustilago. Genet. Res. Camb. 8, 323–337 (1966).
Jessop, A. P., and D. G. Catcheside: Interallelic recombination at the his-1 locus in Neurospora crassa and its genetic control. Heredity 20, 237–256 (1965).
Makarewicz, A.: Colourless mutants in Ascobolus immersus with alternative phenotypes. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 35, 175–179 (1966).
Mousseau, J.: Sur les variations de fréquence de conversion au niveau de divers sites d’un même locus. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 262, 1254–1257 (1966).
Paszewski, A., and S. Surzycki: “Selfers” and high mutation rate during meiosis in Ascobolus immersus. Nature (Lond.) 204, 809 (1964).
Picard, M.: La structure d’un locus complexe chez l’Ascomycete Podospora anserina. Théses Fac. Sci. d’Orsay, Univ. de Paris 1966.
Putrament, A.: Mitotic recombination in the paba 1 cistron of Aspergillus nidulans. Genet. Res. Camb. 5, 316–327 (1964).
Rizet, G., et J. L. Rossignol: Sur la dimension probable des échanges réciproques au sein d’un locus complexe d’Ascobolus immersus. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 262, 1250–1253 (1966).
C II, 2
Kruszewska, A., and W. Gajewski: Recombination within the Y locus in Ascobolus immersus. Genet. Res. Camb. 9, 159–177 (1967).
Pees, E.: Polarized negative interference in the lys-51 region of Aspergillus nidulans. Experientia (Basel) 21, 514 (1965).
C II, 3
Putrament, A.: Mitotic recombination in the paba 1 cistron of Aspergillus nidulans. Genet. Res. Camb. 5, 316–327 (1964).
D
Baker, W. K., and J. A. Swatek: A more critical test of hypotheses of crossing over which involve sister-strand exchange. Genetics 52, 191–202 (1965).
Emerson, S.: Quantitative implications of the DNA-repair model of gene conversion. Genetics 53, 475–485 (1966).
Uhl, C. H.: Chromosome structure and crossing over. Genetics 51, 191–207 (1965).
Whitehouse, H. L. K.: Crossing-over. Sci. Progr. 53, 285–296 (1965).
— An operator model of crossing-over. Nature (Lond.) 211, 708–713 (1966).
— A cycloid model for the chromosome. J. Cell Sci. 2, 9–22 (1967).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1967 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Esser, K., Kuenen, R. (1967). Recombination. In: Genetics of Fungi. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86814-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86814-6_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-86816-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-86814-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive