Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Nonhuman Primates pp 46–53Cite as

Shigellosis

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Monographs on Pathology of Laboratory Animals ((LABORATORY))

Abstract

At necropsy animals are moderately to severely dehydrated. The small intestine contains gas and fluid contents. The cecal and colon contents are usually scanty and consist of catarrhal to mucopurulent or mucohemorrhagic exudate on the surface of the mucosa. There is no formed stool in the rectum. The large intestine is distended. In less advanced cases the colon lumen contains copious fluid catarrhal contents with fibrin and epithelial debris. Acute colitis is usually most severe in the cecum and ascending colon and is progressively less severe, or there is no change in the lower colon or rectum. The mucosa of the large intestine is congested, the rugae are swollen and the walls of the colon and cecum are thickened by edema. Multiple erosions and ulcerations and pinpoint hemorrhages may be present in the cecum and colon. The ulcerations range from 0.5 to 3.0mm in diameter. Mucosal lesions vary in severity with multiple foci of ulceration, or local areas with roughened appearance or, in severe cases, fibrinonecrotic material and hemorrhage adherent to the mucosa. In cases of diphtheritic colitis with red tinged mucosa there is blood and mucus in the lumen contents (dysentery) (Fig. 57).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Baudry B, Maurelli AT, Clerc P, Sadoff JC, Sansonetti PJ (1987) Localization of plasmid loci necessary for the entry of Shigella flexneri into HeLa cells, and characterization of one locus encoding four immunogenic polypeptides. J Gen Microbiol 133:3403–3413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennish ML, Harris JR, Wojtyniak BJ, Struelens M (1990) Death in shigellosis: Incidence and risk factors in hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis 161:500–506

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernardini ML, Mounier J, d’Hauteville H, Coquis-Rondon M, Sansonetti PJ (1989) Identification of icsA, a plasmid locus of Shigella flexneri that governs bacterial intra- and intercellular spread through interaction with F-actin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:3867–3871

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernardini ML, Fontaine A, Sansonetti PJ (1990) The two-component regulatory system OmpR-EnvZ controls the virulence of Shigella flexneri. J Bacteriol 172:6274–6281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buysse JM, Stover CK, Oaks EV, Venkatesan M, Kopecko DJ (1987) Molecular cloning of invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) genes from Shigella flexneri: analysis of ipa gene products and genetic mapping. J Bacteriol 169: 2561–2569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caraway BL, Estes RR, Neola PM, Thorton OW (1968) Results of screening for Shigella and other enteric bacteria in rhesus monkeys during quarantine. Lab Anim Sci 18:568–569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JE, Needham JR (1976) An outbreak of shigellosis in laboratory marmosets and tamarins (family: Callithricidae). J Hyg (Lond) 76:415–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention and Division of International Health, Institute of Medicine (1986) The burden of disease resulting from varoius diarrheal pathogens. Appendix C. In: New vaccine development, vol II: diseases of importance in developing countries. National Academy Press, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Fasano A, Kay BA, Russell RG, Maneval DR Jr, Levine, MM (1990) Enterotoxin and cytotoxin production by enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 58:3717–3723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Good RC, May BD, Kawatomari T (1969) Enteric pathogens in monkeys. J Bacteriol 97:1048–1055

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hale TL, Sansonetti PJ, Schad PA, Austin S, Formal SB (1983) Characterization of virulence plasmids and plasmid-associated outer membrane proteins in Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, and Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 40:340–350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hale TL, Oaks EV, Formal SB (1985) Identification and antigenic characterization of virulence-associated plasmid-coded proteins of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 50:620–629

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Honjo S, Takasaka M, Fujiwara T, Nakagawa M, Andoo K, Ogawa H, Takahashi R, Imaizumi K (1964) Shigellosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca irus) II. Experimental infection with Shigella flexneri 2a with special references to clinical and bacteriological findings. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 17:307–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kourany M, Porter JA Jr (1969) A survey for enteropathogenic bacteria in Panamanian primates. Lab Anim Sci 19:336–341

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labrec EH, Schneider H, Magnani TJ, Formal SB (1964) Epithelial cell penetration as an essential step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery. J Bacteriol 88:1503–1518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsey JR, Hardy PH Jr, Baker HJ, Melby EC Jr (1971) Observations on shigellosis and development of multiple resistant Shigellas in Macaca mulatta. Lab Anim Sci 21:832–844

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makino S, Sasakawa C, Kamata K, Kurata T, Yoshikawa M (1986) A genetic determinant required for continuous reinfection of adjacent cells on large plasmid in S. flexneri 2a. Cell 46:551–555

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maurelli AT, Sansonetti PJ (1988) Identification of a chromosomal gene controlling temperature-regulated expression of Shigella virulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:2820–2824

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maurelli AT, Blackmon B, Curtiss R 3d (1984) Temperature-dependent expression of virulence genes in Shigella species. Infect Immun 43:195–201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder JB (1971) Shigellosis in nonhuman primates: a review. Lab Anim Sci 21:734–738

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murayama SY, Sakai T, Makino S, Kurata T, Sasakawa C, Yoshikawa M (1986) The use of mice in the Sereny test as a virulence assay of shigellae and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 51:696–698

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oaks EV, Hale TL, Formal SB (1986) Serum immune response to Shigella protein antigens in rhesus monkeys and humans infected with Shigella spp. Infect Immun 53:57–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien AD, Holmes RK (1987) Shiga and shiga-like toxins. Microbiol Rev 51:206–220

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa H, Takahashi R, Honjo S, Takasaka M, Fujiwara T, Ando K, Nakagawa M, Muto T, Imaizumi K (1964) Shigellosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca irus) III. Histopathological studies on natural and experimental Shigellosis. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 17:321–332

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa H, Honjo S, Takasaka M, Fujiwara T, Imaizumi K (1966) Shigellosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca irus) IV. Bacteriological and histopathological observations on the earlier stage of experimental infecton with Shigella flexneri 2 A. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 19:23–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson LC, Bergquist DY, Fitzgerald DL (1986) Control of Shigella flexneri in Celebes black macaques (Macaca nigra). Lab Anim Sci 36:240–242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pal T, Newland JW, Tall BD, Formal SB, Hale TL (1989) Intracellular spread of Shigella flexneri associated with the kcpA locus and a 140-kilodalton protein. Infect Immun 57:477–486

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinkerton ME (1968) Shigellosis in the baboon (Papio sp.) Lab Anim Sci 18:11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rout WR, Formal SB, Giannella RA, Dammin GJ (1975) Pathophysiology of Shigella diarrhea in the rhesus monkey: intestinal transport, morphological, and bacteriological studies. Gastroenterology 68:270–278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sansonetti PJ (1991) Genetic and molecular basis of epithelial cell invasion by Shigella species. Rev Infect Dis 13:S285–292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sansonetti PJ, Hale TL, Dammin GJ, Kapfer C, Collins HH, Formal SB (1983) Alterations in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli K-12 after transfer of plasmid and chromosomal genes from Shigella flexneri. Infect Immun 39:1392–1402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sansonetti PJ, Ryter A, Clerc P, Maurelli AT, Mounier J (1986) Multiplication of Shigella flexneri within HeLa cells: lysis of the phagocytic vacuole and plasmidmediated contact hemolysis. Infect Immun 51:461–469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sereny B (1955) Experimental Shigella conjunctivitis. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung 2:293–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takasaka M, Honjo S, Fujiwara T, Hagiwara T, Ogawa H, Imaizumi K (1964) Shigellosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca irus) I. Epidemiological surveys on Shigella infection rate. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 17:259–265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi A, Formal SB, Sprinz H (1968) Experimental acute colitis in the rhesus monkey following peroral infection with Shigella flexneri. An electron microscope study. Am J Pathol 52:503–529

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wassef JS, Keren DF, Mailloux JL (1989) Role of M cells in initial antigen uptake and in ulcer formation in the rabbit intestinal loop model of shigellosis. Infect Immun 57:858–863

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weil JD, Ward MK, Spertzel RO (1971) Incidence of Shigella in conditioned rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Lab Anim Sci 21:434–437

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynne ES, Henrikson DM, Daye GT Jr (1970) Persistence of an Escherichia coli-Shigella flexneri hybrid in the intestinal tract of Macaca mulatta. Appl Microbiol 19:731–733

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Robert G. Russell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Louis J. DeTolla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard Medical School, ILSI Research Foundation, 1126 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, DC, 20036, USA

    Thomas Carlyle Jones D. V.M., D.Sc. (Professor of Comparative Pathology, Emeritus) (Professor of Comparative Pathology, Emeritus)

  2. Institut für Experimentelle Pathologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, 30625, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany

    Ulrich Mohr M. D. (Professor of Experimental Pathology) (Professor of Experimental Pathology)

  3. New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, One Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA, 01772, USA

    Ronald Duncan Hunt D. V.M. (Professor of Comparative Pathology) (Professor of Comparative Pathology)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Russell, R.G., DeTolla, L.J. (1993). Shigellosis. In: Jones, T.C., Mohr, U., Hunt, R.D. (eds) Nonhuman Primates. Monographs on Pathology of Laboratory Animals. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84924-4_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84924-4_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84926-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84924-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation