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Mediators of Sepsis pp 362–376Cite as

Blocking Cytokines in Infectious Diseases

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Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICM,volume 16))

Abstract

Cytokines possessing biological properties primarily which are inflammatory in nature are important to the outcome of infectious diseases. To begin this overview, a distinction is to be made between the local effects of some cytokines and the consequences of high, systemic blood levels. The ultimate function of the host defense system is the elimination of the invading organism whether by phagocytosis and antibody formation as is the case in most bacterial infections, or the induction of cytotoxic T-cells for elimination of virus infected cells. Inflammation is the price the host pays for an efficient and effective defense system. In the extreme, death is the price paid. Some degree of this inflammation is, in part, due to the biological effects and balance of cytokines, notably IL-1, TNF, INFγ, TNFß, FGF, IL-6 and the family of neu-trophil and monocyte chemotactic cytokines. Some of these cytokines, for example the chemotactic and neutrophil activating cytokines, have particular importance for the local events in the lungs. Cytokines, particularly interferons and TNF, are important in the pathogenesis and defense against viral infections. Whether local or systemic, infections induce the liver to synthesize a variety of proteins collectively called acute phase proteins. The importance of IL-6 and the interactions of this cytokine with IL-1, TNF and TGFß in the acute phase response of the liver are of fundamental importance because the acute phase proteins are likely down-regulating the inflammation of cytokines. However, the role of IL-1 and TNF in systemic and life-threatening bacterial infections is the focus of this chapter.

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  1. C. A. Dinarello
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Liège, B-35 Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Maurice Lamy

  2. Department of Intensive Care, Free University Hospital, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007, MS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Lambert G. Thijs

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Dinarello, C.A. (1992). Blocking Cytokines in Infectious Diseases. In: Lamy, M., Thijs, L.G. (eds) Mediators of Sepsis. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84827-8_26

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