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Late Variscan Magmatic Evolution of the Alpine Basement

  • Chapter
Pre-Mesozoic Geology in the Alps

Abstract

After having experienced the Variscan orogenic episodes, the pre-Mesozoic Alpine basement was subjected to large-scale shearing effects accompanying lithosphere distensional thinning, “Basin and Range”-like tectonics and high geothermal regimes. As a result of intrusion of mantle-derived magmas and induced crustal anatexis, almost all pieces of basement within the Alpine chain display contrasting magma associations.

After the Late Devonian major collision stage, peraluminous associations of crustal melts were associated and/or mixed with high-K basic magmas. Low-pressure regional metamorphic regimes ultimately developed “wet” and/or H2O-deficient anatexis, which may or may not be induced by the intrusion of mantle-derived melts.

Lower to Middle Carboniferous high-K calc-alkaline suites indicate a post-collisional stage characterized by uplift and erosion in a short-lived transpressional and/or transtensional regime. They are followed by Late Carboniferous near-alkaline suites, yielding both alkaline and calc-alkaline characteristics and emplaced as volcanic-plutonic massifs in a major distensional regime. The Alpine basement was, therefore, emplaced increasingly in an intracontinental position between the Gondwana and Laurasia continental blocks.

Though subduction-related calc-alkaline suites were scarce, Late Carboniferous to Early Permian granitoids, emplaced in some specific areas, closely resemble the circum-Pacific Cordilleran batholiths. They may indicate a renewed ocean-continent plate margin convergence at the southern flank of the Variscan belt.

Mid-Permian post-orogenic and Late Permian to Triassic early anorogenic alkaline complexes constitute a part of the Western Mediterranean alkaline province. Associated thermal imprints were recorded in the basement mineral isotopic clocks. The anorogenic magmatic activity can be related both to conti nental consolidation of the European plate and to precursory stages of the formation of the MesoTethys oceanic basin.

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Authors
  1. B. Bonin
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  2. P. Brändlein
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  3. F. Bussy
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  11. A. Ploquin
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  12. A. von Quadt
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  13. J. von Raumer
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  14. U. Schaltegger
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  15. H. P. Steyrer
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  16. D. Visonà
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Mineralogie und Petrographie, Universität Pérolles, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    J. F. von Raumer

  2. Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Heinrichstraße 26, A-8010, Graz, Austria

    Franz Neubauer

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Bonin, B. et al. (1993). Late Variscan Magmatic Evolution of the Alpine Basement. In: von Raumer, J.F., Neubauer, F. (eds) Pre-Mesozoic Geology in the Alps. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84640-3_11

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