Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

The Role of α1- and α2-Adrenoceptors in the Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

  • Conference paper
Update 1990

Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICM,volume 10))

  • 103 Accesses

Abstract

The cardiovascular system is regulated in large part by α-adrenoceptors. The neurotransmitter, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and the blood-borne hormone, adrenaline (epinephrine), influence cardiovascular function under normal homeostatic conditions and in a variety of pathophysiologic conditions through interaction with α-adrenoceptors in the major effector organs of the cardiovascular system, such as the heart, vasculature and kidney. An understanding of these receptors, in terms of their function, location, and distribution, is of primary importance in treating the critically ill patient inasmuch as many of the drugs available to treat these patients have the capacity to stimulate or block α-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ruffolo RR (1985) Relative agonist potency as a means of differentiating a-adrenoceptors and a-adrenergic mechanisms. Clin Sci 68 (Suppl 10):9s-14s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ruffolo RR Jr (1983) Structure-activity relationship of α-adrenoceptor agonists. In: Kunos G (ed) Adrenoceptors and catecholamine action — part B. Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 1–50

    Google Scholar 

  3. Schmitt H (1971) Action des α-sympathomimetiques sur les structures nerveuses. Actual Pharmacol 24:93–131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. van Zwieten PA, Thoolen MJMC, Timmermans PBMWM (1983) The pharmacology of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15:455S-462S

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ruffolo RR Jr (1984) α-adrenoceptors. Monogr Neural Sci vol 10. Karger, Basel, pp 224–253

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ruffolo RR Jr, Nichols AJ, Hieble JP (1988) Functions mediated by α2-adrenergic receptors. In: Limbird L (ed) The α2-adrenergic receptors. Humana Press, Clifton, NJ, pp 187–280

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Onesti G, Schwartz AB, Kim KE (1971) Antihypertensive effect of clonidine. Circ Res 28 (Suppl 2): 53–69

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Schmitt H, Schmitt H (1969) Localization of the hypotensive effect of 2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride. Eur J Pharmacol 6:8–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Giles TD, Thomas MG, Sander GE, Quiroz AC (1985) Central a-adrenergic agonists in chronic heart failure and ischemic heart disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7 (Suppl 8):S51–S55

    Google Scholar 

  10. van Zwieten PA (1980) Pharmacology of centrally acting hypotensive drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 10:13S-20S

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ruffolo RR Jr (1984) Stereochemical requirements for activation and blockade of α1 and α2-adrenoceptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 5:160–164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hansson L (1973) Clinical aspects of blood pressure crisis due to withdrawal of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15:485S-489S

    Google Scholar 

  13. Thoolen JMC, Timmermans PBMWM, van Zwieten PA (1983) Cardiovascular effects of withdrawal of some centrally acting antihypertensive drugs in the rat. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15:491S-505S

    Google Scholar 

  14. Engberg G, Elam M, Svensson TH (1982) Clonidine withdrawal: Activation of brain noradrenergic neurons with specifically reduced α2-receptor sensitivity. Life Sci 30:235–243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Langer SZ, Shepperson NB (1982) Recent developments in vascular smooth muscle pharmacology: the postsynaptic α2-adrenoceptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 3:440–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bolli P, Erne P, Ji BH, Block LH, Kiowski W, Buhler FR (1984) Adrenaline induces vasoconstriction through postjunctional alpha2-adrenoceptors and this response is enhanced in patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens 2 (Suppl 3): 115–118

    Google Scholar 

  17. Holtz J, Saeed M, Sommer O, Bassenge E (1982) Norepinephrine constricts the canine coronary bed via postsynaptic α2-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 82:199–202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Heusch G, Deussen A, Schipke J, Thamer V (1984) Alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction of large and small canine coronary arteries in vivo. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 6:961–968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kopia GA, Kopaciewicz LJ, Ruffolo RR Jr (1986) α-Adrenoceptor regulation of coronary artery blood flow in normal and stenotic canine coronary arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 239:641–647

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Shebuski RJ, Fujita T, Ruffolo RR Jr (1986) Evaluation of α1- and α2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in the in situ, autoperfused, pulmonary circulation of the anesthetized dog. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 238:217–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hyman AL, Kadowitz PJ (1985) Evidence for existence of postjunctional α1- and α-adrenoceptors in cat pulmonary vascular bed. Am J Physiol 249:H891-H898

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Shebuski RJ, Ohlstein EH, Smith JM Jr, Ruffolo RR Jr (1987) Enhanced pulmonary α2- adrenoceptor responsiveness under conditions of elevated pulmonary vascular tone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 242:158–165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Drew GM, Whiting SB (1979) Evidence for two distinct types of postsynaptic α-adrenoceptor in vascular smooth muscle in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 67:207–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Granger DN, Richardson PDI, Kvietys PR, Mortillaro NA (1980) Intestinal blood flow. Gastroenterology 78:837–863

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Nichols AJ, Hiley CR (1985) Identification of adrenoceptors and dopamine receptors mediating vascular responses in the superior mesenteric arterial bed of the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 37:110–115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bevan JA (1979) Sites of transition between functional systemic and cerebral arteries of rabbits occur at embryological junctional sites. Science 204:635–637

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Rosendorff C, Mitchell G, Scriven DR, Shapiro C (1976) Evidence for a dual innervation affecting local blood flow in the hypothalamus of the conscious rabbit. Circ Res 38:140–145

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. De Mey J, Vanhoutte PM (1981) Uneven distribution of postjunctional α1 and α2-like adrenoceptors in canine arterial and venous smooth muscle. Circ Res 48:875–884

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ruffolo RR Jr, Zeid RL (1985) Relationship between a-adrenoceptor occupancy and response for the α1-adrenoceptor agonist, cirazoline, and the α2-adrenoceptor agonist, B-HT 933, in canine saphenous vein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 235:636–643

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Muller-Schweinitzer E (1984) Alpha-adrenoceptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors and the action of dihydroergotamine in human venous preparations obtained during saphenectomy procedures for varicose veins. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 327:299–303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Flavahan NA, Rimele TJ, Cooke JP, Vanhoutte PM (1984) Characterization of postjunctional α-1 and α-2 adrenoceptors activated by exogenous or nerve-released norepinephrine in the canine saphenous vein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 230:699–705

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ohlstein EH, Horohonich S, Shebuski RJ, Ruffolo RR Jr (1989) Localization and characterization of the canine pulmonary α2-adrenoceptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 248:233–239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ruffolo RR Jr (1985) Distribution and function of peripheral α-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 22:827–833

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Segstro R, Greenway C (1986) α-Receptor subtype mediating sympathetic mobilization of blood from the hepatic venous system in anesthetized cats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 236:224–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Shoji T, Tsuru H, Shigei T (1983) A regional difference in the distribution of postsynaptic α-adrenoceptor subtypes in canine veins. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 324:246–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Glusa E, Markwardt F (1983) Characterization of α2-adrenoceptors on blood platelets from various species using 3H-yohimbine. Haemostasis 13:96–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Flavahan NA, Vanhoutte PM (1990) The effect of cooling on α1 and α2-adrenergic responses in canine saphenous and femoral veins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Brodde O-E, Motomura S, Endoh M, Schumann HJ (1978) Lack of correlation between the positive inotropic effect evoked by α-adrenoceptor stimulation and the levels of cyclic AMP and/or cyclic GMP in the isolated ventricle strip of the rabbit. J Mol Cell Cardiol 10:207–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gellai M, Ruffolo RR Jr (1987) Renal effects of selective α1 and a2-adrenoceptor agonists in conscious, normotensive rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 240:723–728

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Pettinger WA, Gandler T, Sanchez A, et al (1982) Dietary sodium and renal α2-adrenoceptors in Dahl hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertension A4(4&5):819

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Davey MJ (1980) Relevant features of the pharmacology of prazosin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2 (Suppl 3):S287

    Google Scholar 

  42. Arnold SB, Williams RL, Ports TA, Benet LZ, Parmley WW, Chatterjee K (1979) Attenuation of prazosin effect on cardiac output in chronic heart failure. Ann Intern Med 91:345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Stanaszek WF, Kellerman D, Brogden RN, Romankiewicz J A (1983) Prazosin update — A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in hypertension and congestive heart failure. Drugs 25:339–345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ogasawara B, Ogawa K, Hayashi H, Sassa H (1981) Plasma renin activity and plasma concentration of norepinephrine and cyclic nucleotides in heart failure after prazosin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 29:464–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. R. R. Ruffolo Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. J. Nichols
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean Louis Vincent (Clinical Director) (Clinical Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ruffolo, R.R., Nichols, A.J. (1990). The Role of α1- and α2-Adrenoceptors in the Regulation of the Cardiovascular System. In: Vincent, J.L. (eds) Update 1990. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84125-5_33

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84125-5_33

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-52269-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84125-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation