Abstract
The historical cohort mortality study, the most common method for determining occupational cancer risk factors, is usually conducted without adjusting for important confounding variables, such as smoking. This is because obtaining data on confounders is often costly and difficult. To what extent this lack of information is likely to cause serious bias in the estimation of occupation-disease relationships is the object of this paper.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Asp S (1984) Confounding by variable smoking habits in different occupational groups. Scand J Work Environ Health 10: 325–326
Axelson O (1978) Aspects on confounding in occupational health epidemiology. Scand J Work Environ Health 4: 85–89
Blair A, Hoar S, Walrath J (1985) Comparison of crude and smoking-adjusted standardized mortality ratios. J Occup Med 27: 881–884
Breslow NE, Day NE (1980) Statistical methods in cancer research, vol 1. The analysis of case-control studies. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (IARC sci publ no 32 )
Chan-Yeung M, Wong R, MacLean L, Tan F, Schulzer M, Enarson D, Martin A, Dennis R, Grzybowski S (1983) Epidemiologic health study of workers in an aluminum smelter in British Columbia: effects on the respiratory system. Am Rev Respir Dis 127: 465–469
Gail MH, Wacholder S, Lubin JH (1988) Indirect corrections for confounding under multiplicative and additive risk models. Am J Ind Med 13: 119–130
Jassa D (1983) Smoking behaviour of Canadians. Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa
Miettinen OS (1972) Components of the crude risk ratio. Am J Epidemiol 96: 168–172
Siemiatycki J, Wacholder S, Dewar R, Cardis E, Greenwood C, Richardson L (1988) Degree of confounding bias related to smoking, ethnic group and socioeconomic status in estimates of the associations between occupation and cancer. J Occup Med 30: 617–625
Statistics Canada (1981a) Standard occupational classification 1980. Statistics Canada, Ottawa (catalogue 12–565; ISBN 0–660–10672–8)
Statistics Canada (1981b) Standard industrial classification 1980. Statistics Canada, Ottawa (catalogue 12–501; ISBN 0–660–10672–8)
Storer BE, Wacholder S, Breslow NE (1983) Maximum likelihood fitting of general risk models to stratified data. Appl Stat 32: 177–181
US Surgeon General (1985) The health consequences of smoking, cancer and chronic lung disease in the workplace. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville Md.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin·Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Spinelli, J.J., Band, P.R., Gallagher, R.P. (1990). Adjustment for Confounding in Occupational Cancer Epidemiology. In: Band, P. (eds) Occupational Cancer Epidemiology. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 120. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84068-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84068-5_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84070-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84068-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive