Skip to main content

Variation at the DNA Level: Something for Everyone

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIH,volume 57))

Abstract

Pretentiousness notwithstanding, if there is such a thing as a central paradox in biology it is that all organisms resemble one another but at the same time are different. Darwin, of course, recognized the universality of this paradox, and it led him to a theory of descent with modification, the foundation of our modern theory of evolution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aguadé, M., N. Miyashita and C.H. Langley 1989 Reduced variation in the yellowachaete-scute region in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 122: 607–615.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aguadé, M., N. Miyashita and C.H. Langley 1989 Restriction-map variation at the Zeste-tko region in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6: 123–130.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alves, A.M., D. Holland, M.D. Edge and F.J. Carr 1988 Hybridisation detection of single nucleotide changes with enzyme labelled oligonucleotides. Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 8722.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aquadro. C.F., S.F. Desse, M.M. Bland, C.H. Langley & C.C. Laurie-Ahlberg 1986 Molecular population genetics of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene region of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 114: 1165–1190.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aquadro, C.F., K.M. Lado and W.A. Noon 1988 The Rosy region of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. I. Contrasting levels of naturally occurring DNA restriction map variation and divergence. Genetics. 119: 875–888.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avise J.C. 1986 Mitochondrial DNA and the evolutionary genetics of higher animals. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London. Series B: 312: 325–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beech, R.N. and A.J. Leigh-Brown 1989 Insertion-deletion variation at the yellowachaete-scute region in two natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genet. Res., Camb. 53: 7–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, T. and M.W. Bruford 1987 DNA fingerprinting in birds. Nature 327: 14952.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caccone, A., G.D. Amato and J.R. Powell 1988 Rates and patterns of scnDNA and mtDNA divergence within the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup. Genetics 118: 671–683.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cann, R.L., M. Stoneking and A.C. Wilson 1987 Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution. Nature 325: 31–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charlesworth, B and C.H. Langley 1990 The Population Genetics of Transposable Elements in Drosophila. In, Evolution at the molecular level, edited by R.K. Selander, A.G. Clark and T.S. Whittam, Sinaur Associates, Inc., Sunderland MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Church, GM and W. Gilbert 1984 Genomic sequencing. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 81: 1991–1995.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark AG. 1990 Inference of haplotypes from PCR-amplified samples of diploid populations. Mol. Biol. Evol. 7: 111–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Condit, R. and S.P. Hubbell 1991 Abundance and DNA sequence of two-base repeat regions in tropical tree genomes. Genome 34: in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eanes, W.F., J.W. Ajioka, J. Hey and C. Wesley 1989 Restriction-map variation associated with the G6PD polymorphism in natural populations. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6: 384–397.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eanes, W.F., J. Labate and J.W. Ajioka 1989 Restriction-map variation with the yellow-achaete-scute region in five populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6: 492–502.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engels, W.R. 1981 Estimating genetic divergence and genetic variability with restriction endonucleases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 78: 6329–6333.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erlich, H.A. and T.L. Bugawan 1989 HLA Class II gene polymorphism: DNA typing, evolution, and relationship to disease susceptibility. In, PCR Technology, H.A. Erlich, Editor. Stockton Press, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erlich, H. 1989 PCR Technology: Principles and applications for PCR amplification. Stockton Press, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewens, W.J. 1979 Mathematical population genetics. Springer-Verlag, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyllensten, U. 1989 Direct sequencing of in vitro amplified DNA. In, PCR Technology, H.A. Erlich, Editor. Stockton Press, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyllensten, U.B. and H.A. Erlich 1989 Generation of single stranded DNA by the polymerase chain reaction and its application to direct sequencing of the HLA Dq locus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 7652–7656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gyllensten, U.B. S. Jakobsson, H. Temrin and A.C. Wilson 1989 Nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of bird minisatellites. Nucl. Acids Res. 17: 2203–2214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higuchi, R. and H. Ochman 1989 Production of single-stranded DNA templates by exonuclease digestion following the polymerase chain reaction. Nucl. Acids Res. 17: 5856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, R.R. 1982 Estimating genetic variability with restriction endonucleases. Genetics 100: 711–719.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffreys, A.J. 1987 Highly variable minisatellites and DNA fingerprints. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 15: 309–317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffreys, A.J., V. Wilson, R. Neumann and J. Keyte 1988 Amplification of human minisatellites by the polymerase chain reaction: towards DNA fingerprinting of single cells. Nucl Acids Res. 16 10953–10971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffreys, A J., R. Neumann and V. Wilson 1990 Repeat unit sequence variation in minisatellites: a novel source of DNA polymorphism for studying variation and mutation by single molecule analysis. Cell 60: 473–485.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffreys, A.J., N.J. Royle, V. Wilson and Z. Wong 1988 Spontaneous mutation rates to new length alleles at tendem-repetitive hypervariable loci in human DNA. Nature 332: 278–281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C.W. and F.C. Kafatos 1982 Accepted mutations in a gene family: evolutionary diversification of duplicated DNA. J. Mol. Evol. 19: 87–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura, M. 1983 The neutral theory of evolution. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreitman, M. 1983 Nucleotide polymorphism at the Adh locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 304: 412–417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreitman, M. and M Aguadé 1986 Genetic uniformity in two populations of Drosophila melanogaster as revealed by filter hybridization of fournucleotide-recognizing restriction enzyme digests. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 3562–3566.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreitman, M. and L.F. Landweber 1989 A strategy for producing single-stranded DNA in the polymerase chain reaction. Gene Anal. techn. 6: 84–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreitman, M. and R.R. Hudson 1991 Inferring the evolutionary histories of the Adh and Adh-dup loci in Drosophila melanogaster from patterns of polymorphism and divergence. Genetics,in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kretz, K.A., G.S. Carson and J.S. O’Brien 1989 Direct sequencing from low melt agarose with Sequenase. Nucl. Acids Res. 17: 58–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwok, S., D.E. Kellog, N. McKinney, D. Spasic, L. Goda, C. Levenson and J J. Sninsky. 1990 Effects of primer-template mismatches on the polymerase chain reaction: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 model studies. Nucl. Acids Res. 18: 999–1005.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, C.H., E. Montgomery and W.F. Quattlebaum 1983 Restriction map variation in the Adh region of Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 5631–5635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, C.H., A.E. Shrimpton, T. Yamazaki, N. Miyashita, Y. Matsuo & C.F. Aquadro 1988 Naturally occurring variation in the restriction map of the Amy region of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 119: 619–629.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leigh Brown, A.J. 1983 Variation at the 87A heat shock locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 5350–5354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levinson, G., J.L. Marsh, J.T. Epplen and G.A. Gutman 1985 Cross-hybridizing snake satellite, Drosophila, and mouse DNA sequences may have arisen independently. Mol. Biol Evol. 2: 494–504.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyashita, N. and C.H. Langley 1988 Molecular and phenotypic variation of the white locus region in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 120: 199–212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R.M., V.C. Sheffield and D.R. Cox 1989 Mutation detection by PCR, GC-clamps, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. In, PCR Technology, H.A. Erlich, Editor. Stockton Press, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nei, M. and F. Tajima 1981 DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases. Genetics 97: 145–163.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, M.A., M.E. Hallas and R.C. Lewontin 1989 Distinguishing the forces controlling genetic variation at the Xdh locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 123: 359–369.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruano G, K.K. Kidd and J.C. Stephens 1990 Haplotype of multiple polymorphisms resolved by enzymatic amplification of single DNA molecules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 87: 6296–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruano G and K.K. Kidd 1989 Direct haplotyping of chromosomal segments from multiple heterozygotes via allele-specific PCR amplification. Nucl. Acids Res. 17: 83–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saiki, R.K., D.H. Gelfand, S. Stoffel, S.J. Scharf, R. Higuchi, G.T. Horn, K.B. Mullis and H.A. Erlich 1988 Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239: 487

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaeffer, S.W., C.F. Aquadro and W.W. Anderson 1987 Restriction-map variation in the alcohol dehydrogenase region of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4: 254–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaeffer, S.W., C.F. Aquadro and C.H. Langley 1988 Restriction-map variation in the Notch region of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 5: 30–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solignac, M., M. Monnerot and J.C. Mounolou 1986 Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the melanogaster species subgroup of Drosophila. J. Mol. Evol. 23: 31–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Southern, E.M. 1975 Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J. Mol. Biol. 98: 503–517.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ullu, E. and C. Tschudi 1984 Alu sequences are processed 7SL RNA genes. Nature 312: 171–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vassart, G., M. Georges, R. Monsieur, I.-I. Brocas, A.S. Lequarre and D. Christophe 1987 A sequence in Ml3 phage detects hypervariable minisatellites in human and animal DNA. Science 235: 683–684.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vawter, L. and W.M. Brown 1986 Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA comparisons reveal extreme rate variation in the molecular clock. Science 234: 194–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, J.L. and P.E. May 1989 Abundant Class of Human DNA Polymorphisms which can be Typed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44: 388–396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kreitman, M. (1991). Variation at the DNA Level: Something for Everyone. In: Hewitt, G.M., Johnston, A.W.B., Young, J.P.W. (eds) Molecular Techniques in Taxonomy. NATO ASI Series, vol 57. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83962-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83962-7_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-83964-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-83962-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics