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Salt and Water Disorders in Mechanically-Ventilated and Critically Ill Neonates

  • Conference paper
Update 1989

Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICM,volume 8))

  • 180 Accesses

Abstract

Total body water approximately represents 80% of body weight (BW) by 32 weeks of gestation, 75% by term and 60% by 3 months of age. Extracellular fluid (ECF) volume decreases from 60% BW during the 5th month of gestation to 45% by term and 20% by 3 months of age. The most rapid alterations in water body content occur in the early neonatal period, when both term and preterm infants present a physiological weight loss with a concomitant isotonic contraction of the ECF volume. This period is characterized by the involvement of several hormonal systems participating in the regulation of water and sodium homeostasis, i.e. the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the prostaglandins and the kalli-krein-kinin systems, the atrial natriuretic peptide and the antidiuretic hormone. The kidney is the effector organ of these hormonal systems and thus plays a central role in the maintenance of body fluid tonicity and regulation of ECF volume during the first days of life. This complex regulatory mechanism may be impaired in newborn infants presenting with perinatal asphyxia or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and alterations in body fluid homeostasis may in turn affect the outcome of neonatal respiratory diseases.

This work has been supported in part by Grant Nr. 3.808-0.806 of the Swiss National Sciences Foundation.

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Authors
  1. J.-B. Gouyon
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  2. J.-P. Guignard
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean Louis Vincent (Clinical Director) (Clinical Director)

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© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Gouyon, JB., Guignard, JP. (1989). Salt and Water Disorders in Mechanically-Ventilated and Critically Ill Neonates. In: Vincent, J.L. (eds) Update 1989. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83737-1_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83737-1_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-50879-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-83737-1

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