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Immunological Approaches for Early Cancer Detection

  • Conference paper
Minimal Neoplasia

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 106))

Abstract

Much discussion at this meeting has been devoted to the terms and definitions of “incipient” and “minimal” cancer. Since there is confusion in the literature on these issues, it is not surprising that we are also encountering difficulties. Defined as the initial stage of cancer, “incipient” is not recognized by biochemical or immunological means. If minimal refers to a clinical stage indicating localized disease, then the potential of a biochemical or immunological marker being recognized at this time is more likely than for a molecular or cellular alteration associated with incipient cancer. The diagnostic use of biochemical or immunological markers of cancer in body fluids, particularly blood, has been disappointing for diagnosing cancer since this appears to depend very much on tumor burden, or cell number. Thus, minimal cancer has generally escaped detection by biochemical or immunological means, but the likelihood is greater that a marker is determined at the site of neoplasia than peripherally, such as in body fluids. In summary, the current status of the use of cancer markers in the blood and most other body fluids does not allow early detection or even a definitive diagnosis of cancer to be made. The general application seems to be for the use of such markers in the blood for monitoring tumor growth, recurrence, or regression. A prototype marker has been the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) originally described by Gold and Freedman (1965). The severe limitation of most serum markers for cancer has been a poor specificity as compared with a relatively high sensitivity, thus precluding their diagnostic use, especially in early cancer.

The author’s studies are supported in part by an Outstanding Investigator Grant Award (CA-39841) from the National Cancer Institute, NIH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, One Bruce Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA

    D. M. Goldenberg

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  1. D. M. Goldenberg
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstraße 17, 4400, Münster, Germany

    Ekkehard Grundmann

  2. Frauenklinik, Medizinische Einrichtungen, Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 4000, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Lutwin Beck

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© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

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Goldenberg, D.M. (1988). Immunological Approaches for Early Cancer Detection. In: Grundmann, E., Beck, L. (eds) Minimal Neoplasia. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 106. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83245-1_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83245-1_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-83247-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-83245-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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