Zusammenfassung
Der Begriff Emissions-Tomographie bedarf einer Erläuterung, da nicht eindeutig festliegt, wo die flächige Szintigraphie aufhört und die Tomographie beginnt. Man könnte annehmen, daß mit Einführung des fokussierenden Vielloch-Kollimators beim szintigraphischen Scanner durch Newell et al. (1952) die Tomographie ihren Anfang genommen hat, denn in der Tat hat dieser Kollimator tomographische Eigenschaften. Er bildet eine bestimmte Objektschicht (Fokusebene) scharf ab, während die davor und dahinter liegenden Schichten mehr oder weniger unscharf abgebildet werden. Dieser Effekt war anfänglich bei den damals üblichen NaJ(Tl)-Szintillationskristallen mit 2 Zoll Durchmesser relativ gering, wurde dann aber bei den gebräuchlichen 5 Zoll Kristallen und besonders bei kürzeren Fokusabständen doch merklich. Trotzdem möchte ich diesen Scannern keine tomographischen Eigenschaften zuerkennen, denn diese Kollimatoren wurden entwickelt, um die Ausbeute gegenüber der einzelnen zylindrischen Bohrung ganz erheblich zu erhöhen und nicht, um damit Tomographie zu betreiben. Im Gegenteil, diese fokussierende Eigenschaft störte eher bei der flächigen Szintigraphie, da sie dazu zwang, den Kollimator-Objekt-Abstand möglichst exakt zu wählen. Auch wurde die räumliche Auflösung in den nicht fokussierten Schichten unnötigerweise schlecht.
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Jordan, K. (1988). Meßtechnik in der Emissions-Computertomographie. In: Hundeshangen, H. (eds) Nuklearmedizin / Nuclear Medicine. Handbuch der Medizinischen Radiologie / Encyclopedia of Medical Radiology, vol 15 / 1 / B. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83146-1_4
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