Skip to main content

Pathology of Mediastinal Tumors

  • Chapter
Lung Tumors

Part of the book series: UICC Current Treatment of Cancer ((1360))

Abstract

Precise localization of a mediastinal tumor often helps to narrow the differential diagnosis (Table 1, Fig. 1) and modern imaging techniques can provide much information regarding its likely nature. However, treatment and prognosis depend on an exact histological diagnosis and this is greatly facilitated by correct handling of adequate tissue samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Tao L-G, Pearson FG, Cooper JD, Sanders DE, Weisbrod G, Donat EE (1984) Cytopathology of thymoma. Acta Cytol 28: 165–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Fish J, Moore RM (1963) Ectopic thyroid tissue and ectopic thyroid carcinoma: a review of the literature and report of a case. Ann Surg 157: 212–221

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nathaniels EK, Nathaniels AM, Wang C-A (1970) Mediastinal parathyroid tumours: a clinical and pathological study of 84 cases. Ann Surg 171: 165–170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Massac E Jr, Righini M, Seremetis M (1982) Mediastinal hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenoma. J Natl Med Assoc 74: 385–387

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lack EE (1981) Thymic hyperplasia with massive enlargement. Report of two cases with review of diagnostic criteria. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 18: 741–746

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cohen M, Hill CA, Cangir A, Sullivan MP (1980) Thymic rebound after treatment of childhood tumours. AJR 135: 151–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bell BA, Esseltine DW, Azouz EM (1984) Rebound thymic hyperplasia in a child with cancer. Med Pediatr Oncol 12: 144–147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Levine GD, Rosai J (1978) Thymic neoplasia and hyperplasia. Hum Pathol 9: 495–517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Addis BJ, Isaacson P. Unpublished observations.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Rosai J, Levine GD (1976) Tumours of the thymus. Atlas of tumour pathology. 2nd series. Fascicle 13. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  11. Deshpande GN, Fisher JE, Jewett TC, Freeman AL (1981) Malignant thymoma in an eight-month old boy. J Surg Oncol 18: 61–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wick MR, Scheithauer BW, Dines DE (1982) Thymic neoplasia in two male siblings. Mayo Clin Proc 57: 653–656

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yamashita H, Murakami N, Noguchi S, Noguchi A, Yokoyama S, Moriuchi A, Nakayama I (1983) Cervical thymoma and the incidence of cervical thymus. Acta Pathol Jpn 33: 189–194

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kung ITM, Loke SL, So SY, Lam WK, Mok CK, Khin MA (1985) Intrapulmonary thymoma: report of two cases. Thorax 40: 471–474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Pascoe HR, Miner MS (1976) An ultrastructural study of nine thymomas. Cancer 37: 317–326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chan WC, Zaatari GS, Tabei S, Bibb M, Brynes RK (1984) Thymoma: an immunohisto-chemical study. Am J Clin Pathol 82: 160–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Savino W, Berrih S, Dardenne M (1984) Thymic epithelial antigen, acquired during autogeny and defined by the anti-pl9 monoclonal antibody, is lost in thymomas. Lab Invest 51: 292–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chilosi M, Iannucci AM, Pizzalo G, Menestrina F, Fiore-Donati L, Janossy G (1984) Im-munohistochemical analysis of thymoma — evidence for medullary origin of epithelial cells. Am J Surg Pathol 8: 309–318

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mokhtar N, Hsu S-M, Lad RP, Haynes BF, Jaffe ES (1984) Thymoma: lymphoid and epithelial components mirror the phenotype of the normal thymus. Hum Pathol 15: 378–384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Masaoka A, Mandon Y, Nakahara K, Tanioka T (1981) Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. Cancer 48: 2485–2492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Verley JM, Hollman KH (1985) Thymoma — a comparative study of clinical stages, histologie features and survival in 200 cases. Cancer 55: 1074–1086

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Marchevsky AM, Kaneko M (1984) Surgical pathology of the mediastinum. Raven, New York

    Google Scholar 

  23. Snover DC, Levine GD, Rosai J (1982) Thymic carcinoma. Five distinctive histological variants. Am J Clin Pathol 6: 451–470

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wick MR, Scheithauer BW, Weiland LH, Benatz PE (1982) Primary thymic carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 6: 613–630

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Shimosato Y, Kameya T, Nagai K, Suemasu K (1977) Squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus. An analysis of eight cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1: 109–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Leyvraz S, Henle W, Chahinian AP, Perlmann C, Klein G, Gordon RE, Rosenblum M, Holland JF (1985) Association of Epstein-Barr virus with thymic carcinoma. N Engl J Med 312: 1296–1299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Henry K (1972) An unusual thymic tumour with a striated muscle (myoid) component (with a brief review of the literature on myoid cells). Br J Dis Chest 66: 291–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Murakami S, Shamoto M, Miura K, Takeuch J (1984) A thymic tumour with massive proliferation of myoid cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 34: 1375–1383

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rosai J, Levine G, Weber R, Higa E (1976) Carcinoid tumours and oat cell carcinomas of the thymus. Pathol Annu 11: 201–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wick MR (1982) Oat-cell carcinoma of the thymus. Cancer 49: 1645–1647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Wick MR, Carney JA, Benatz PE, Brown LR (1982) Primary mediastinal carcinoid tumours. Am J Surg Pathol 6: 195–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wick MR, Scheithauer BW (1984) Thymic carcinoid: a histologie, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 12 cases. Cancer 53: 475–484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Huntrakoon M, Lin F, Heitz PU, Tomita T (1984) Thymic carcinoid tumour with Cushing’s syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108: 551–554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ho FCS, Ho JCI (1977) Pigmented carcinoid tumour of the thymus. Histopathology 1: 363–369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Knapp RH, Hurt RD, Payne WS, Farrow MD, Lewis BD, Hahn RG, Muhm JR, Earle JD (1985) Malignant germ cell tumours of the mediastinum. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 89: 82–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Lack EE, Wenstein HJ, Welch KJ (1985) Mediastinal germ cell tumours in childhood. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 89: 826–835

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Nichols CR, Hoffman R, Einhorn LH, Williams SD, Wheeler LA, Garnick MB (1985) Hematologic malignancies associated with primary mediastinal germ-cell tumours. Ann Intern Med 102: 603–609

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hurt RD, Bruckman JE, Farrow GM, Benatz PE, Hahn RG, Earle JD (1982) Primary anterior mediastinal seminoma. Cancer 49: 1658–1663

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Knapp RH, Fritz SR, Reiman HM (1982) Primary embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcino-ma of the mediastinum. Arch Pathol Lab Med 106: 507–509

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Carter D, Bibro MC, Touloukian RJ (1982) Benign clinical behaviour of immature mediastinal teratoma in infancy and childhood. Cancer 49: 398–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Dunn PJS (1984) Pancreatic endocrine tissue in benign mediastinal teratoma. J Clin Pathol 37: 1105–1109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Holt S, Deverall PB, Boddy JE (1978) A teratoma of the lung containing thymic tissue. J Pathol 126: 85–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Oho HF, Lachenmeyer L, Janzen RWC, Gurtler KF, Fischer K (1982) Thymolipoma in association with myasthenia gravis. Cancer 50: 1623–1628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Pillai R, Yeoh N, Addis B, Peckham M, Goldstraw P (1985) Thymolipoma in association with Hodgkin’s disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 90: 306–308

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Lemos LB, Hamondi AB (1978) Malignant thymic tumour in an infant (malignant histiocyto-ma). Arch Pathol Lab Med 102: 84–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Havlicek F, Rosai J (1984) A sarcoma of thymic stroma with features of liposarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol 82: 217–224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kaplan HS (1980) Hodgkin’s disease. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  48. Keller A, Castleman B (1974) Hodgkin’s disease of the thymus gland. Cancer 133: 1615–1623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Lindford KK, Meyer JE, Dedrick CG, Hasseil LA, Harris NL (1985) Thymic cysts in mediastinal Hodgkin’s disease. Radiology 156: 37–44

    Google Scholar 

  50. Barcos MP, Lukes RI (1975) Malignant lymphoma of convoluted lymphocytes. A new entity of possible T-cell type. In: Sinks LF, Godden JO (eds) Conflicts in childhood cancer. An evaluation of current management, vol 4, Liss, New York pp. 147–178

    Google Scholar 

  51. Nathwani BN, Kim H, Rappaport H (1976) Malignant lymphoma, lymphoblastic. Cancer 38: 964–983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Crossman J, Chused TM, Fisher RI, Magrath I, Bollum F, Jaffe ES (1983) Diversity of immunologic phenotypes of lymphoblastic lymphoma. Cancer Res 43: 4486–4490

    Google Scholar 

  53. Yousem SA, Weiss LM, Warnke RA (1985) Primary mediastinal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: a morphologic and immunologie study of 19 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 83: 676–680

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Waldron JA, Dohring EJ, Farber LR (1985) Primary large cell lymphomas of the mediastinal: an analysis of 20 cases. Semin Diagn Pathol 2: 281–295

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Addis BJ, Isaacson PG (1985) Large cell lymphoma of the mediastinum: a B-cell tumour of probable thymic origin. Histopathology 10: 379–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Siegal GP, Dehner CP, Rosai J (1985) Histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell granulomatosis) of the thymus. Am J Surg Pathol 9: 117–124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Davidson KG, Walbaum PR, McCormack RJM (1978) Intrathoracic neural tumours. Thorax 33: 359–367

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW (1983) Soft tissue tumours. Mosby, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  59. Besznyak I, Toth L, Szende B (1985) Intrathoracic vagus nerve tumours: a report of two cases and review of the literature. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 89: 462–465

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Staffanson K, Wollman R, Jerkovia M (1982) S100 protein in soft tissue tumours derived from Schwann cells and melanocytes. Am J Pathol 106: 261–268

    Google Scholar 

  61. Variend S (1985) Small cell tumours in childhood. J Pathol 145: 1–26

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Dhillon AP, Rhode J, Leathern A (1982) Neurone specific enolase: an aid to the diagnosis of melanoma and neuroblastoma. Histopathology 6: 81–92

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Kemshead JT, Goldman A, Fritschy J, Malpas JS, Pritchard J (1983) Use of panels of monoclonal antibodies in the differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Lancet 1: 12–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Misugi K, Okajima H, Newton WA, Kmetz DR, deLorimer AA (1965) Mediastinal origin of a melanotic progonoma or retinal anlage tumor: ultrastructural evidence for neural crest origin. Cancer 18: 477–484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Adams A, Hochholzer L (1981) Ganglioneuroblastoma of the posterior mediastinum. A clin-icopathologic review of 80 cases. Cancer 47: 373–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Buthker W, Feltkamp-Vroom T, Groen AS, Wieberdink J (1964) Sympathicoblastoma of the anterior mediastinum. Dis Chest 46: 531–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Talerman A, Gratoma S (1983) Primary ganglioneuroblastoma of the anterior mediastinum in a 61-yr-old woman. Histopathology 7: 967–975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Olson JL, Salyer WR (1978) Mediastinal paragangliomas (aortic body tumour): a report of four cases and a review of the literature. Cancer 41: 2405–2412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lack EE, Stillinger RA, Colvin DB, Groves RM, Burnette DG (1979) Aortico-pulmonary paraganglioma. Report of a case with ultrastructural study and review of the literature. Cancer 43: 269–278

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ogawa J, Inoue H, Koide S, Kawada S, Shotitsu A, Hata J (1982) Functioning paraganglioma in the posterior mediastinum. Ann Thorac Surg 33: 507–510

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Nigan BK (1981) Intrathoracic chemodectoma with noradrenaline secretion. Thorax 36: 66–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Lichtenstein AK, Levine A, Taylor CR, Boswell B, Rossman S, Feinstein DI, Lukes RJ (1980) Primary mediastinal lymphoma in adults. Am J Med 68: 509–514

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Levitt LJ, Aisenberg AL, Harris NL, Linggood RM, Poppema S (1982) Primary non-Hodg-kin’s lymphoma of the mediastinum. Cancer 50: 2486–2492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Keller AR, Hochholzer L, Castleman B (1972) Hyaline-vascular and plasma-cell types of giant lymph node hyperplasia of the mediastinum and other locations. Cancer 29: 670–683

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Karcher DS, Pearson CE, Butler WM, Hurwitz MA, Cassell PF (1982) Giant lymph node hyperplasia involving the thymus with associated nephrotic syndrome and myelofibrosis. Am J Clin Pathol 77: 100–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Weisenberger DD, Nathwani BN, Winberg CD, Rappaport H (1985) Multicentric angiofolli-cular lymph node hyperplasia. A clinicopathologic study of 16 cases. Hum Pathol 16: 162–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Frizzera G (1985) Castleman’s disease: more questions than answers. Hum Pathol 16: 202–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Melato M, Antoniutto G, Falconieri G, Manconi R (1983) Massive enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes in a patient with multiple myeloma. Thorax 38: 151–152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Thompson PJ, Jewkes J, Corrin B, Citron KM (1983) Primary bronchopulmonary amyloid tumour with massive hilar lymphadenopathy. Thorax 38: 152–154

    Google Scholar 

  80. Shaw P, Grossman R, Fernandes BJ (1984) Nodular mediastinal amyloidosis. Hum Pathol 15: 1183–1185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Verani R, Olson J, Moake JL (1980) Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis: report of a case in a patient with sickle cell disease — beta-thalassemia. Am J Clin Pathol 73: 133–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Kirwan WO, Walbaum PR, McCormack RJM (1973) Cystic intrathoracic derivatives of the foregut and their complications. Thorax 28: 424–428

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Salyer DC, Salyer WR, Eggleston JC (1977) Benign developmental cysts of the mediastinum. Arch Pathol Lab Med 101: 136–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Luosto R, Koikkalainen K, Jyrala A, Makinen J (1978) Thoracic duct cyst of the mediastinum. A case report. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 12: 261–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Tsuchiya R, Sugiura Y, Ogata T, Suemasu K (1980) Thoracic duct cyst of the mediastinum. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 79: 856–859

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Pachter MR, Lattes R (1963) Mesenchymal tumours of the mediastinum. I Tumours of fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, smooth muscle and striated muscle. Cancer 16: 74–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Schweitzer DL, Aguam AS (1977) Primary liposarcoma of the mediastinum. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 74: 83–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Prohn P, Winter J, Ulatowski L (1981) Liposarcoma of the mediastinum — case report and review of the literature. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 29: 119–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Pachter MR, Lattes R (1963) Mesenchymal tumours of the mediastinum. II Tumours of blood vascular origin. Cancer 16: 95–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Pachter MR, Lattes R (1963) Mesenchymal tumours of the mediastinum. III Tumours of lymph vascular origin. Cancer 16: 108–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Kelley MJ, Mannes EJ, Ravin CE (1978) Mediastinal masses of vascular origin. A review. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 76: 559–572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Sumner TE, Volberg FM, Kiser PE, Shaffner LD (1981) Mediastinal cystic hygroma in children. Pediatr Radiol 11: 160–162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Kissin MW (1977) Mediastinal cavernous hemangioma. Br J Dis Chest 71: 208–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Gibbs AR, Johnson NF, Giddings JC, Powell DEB, Jasani B (1984) Primary angiosarcoma of the mediastinum: light and electron microscopic demonstration of Factor VIII-related antigen in neoplastic cells. Hum Pathol 15: 687–691

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Rasaretnam R, Panabokke RG (1975) Leiomyosarcoma of the mediastinum. Brit J Dis Chest 69: 63–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Miller R, Kurtz SM, Powers JM (1978) Mediastinal rhabdomyoma. Cancer 42: 1983–1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Chen W, Chan CW (1982) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mediastinum. Cancer 50: 797–800

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Kittredge RD, Nash AD (1974) The many facets of sclerosing fibrosis. AJR 122: 288–298

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Light AM (1978) Idiopathic fibrosis of the mediastinum: a discussion of three cases and review of the literature. J Clin Pathol 31: 78–88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Weider S, Rabinowitz JG (1977) Fibrous mediastinitis: a late manifestation of mediastinal histoplasmosis. Radiology 125: 305–312

    Google Scholar 

  101. Comings DE, Skubi KB, van Eyes J, Motulsky AG (1967) Familial multifocal fibrosclerosis. Ann Intern Med 66: 884–892

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Hanly PC, Shub C, Lie JT (1984) Constrictive pericarditis associated with combined retroper-itoneal and mediastinal fibrosis. Mayo Clin Proc 59: 300–304

    Google Scholar 

  103. Engleman P, Liebow AA, Gmelich J, Friedman PJ (1977) Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma. Am Rev Respir Dis 115: 997–1008

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Magee JF, Wright JL, Dodek A, Tutassaura H (1984) Mediastinal and retroperitoneal fibrosis with fibrotic pulmonary nodules: a case report. Histopathology 9: 995–999

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Addis, B.J. (1988). Pathology of Mediastinal Tumors. In: Hoogstraten, B., Addis, B.J., Hansen, H.H., Martini, N., Spiro, S.G. (eds) Lung Tumors. UICC Current Treatment of Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82873-7_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82873-7_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-16920-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-82873-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics