Skip to main content

Expression of Secondary Metabolism An Aspect of Cell Specialization of Microorganisms, Higher Plants, and Animals

  • Chapter
Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation

Part of the book series: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics ((MOLECULAR,volume 23))

Abstract

In addition to the primary metabolic reactions, which are similar in all living beings (formation and breakdown of nucleic acids and proteins as well as of their precursors, of most carbohydrates, of some carboxylic acids, etc.), a vast number of metabolic pathways lead to the formation of compounds peculiar to a few species or even to a single chemical race only. These reactions, in accord with CZAPEK (1921) and PAECH (1950), are summed up under the term “secondary metabolism”, and their products are called “secondary metabolites.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • ABOUTABL, S.A. EL, EL AZZOUNY, A., WINTER, K., LUCKNER, M.: Stereochemical aspects of the conversion of cyclopeptine into dehydrocyclopeptine by cyclopeptine dehydrogenase from Pénicillium cyclopium. Phytochemistry 15, 1925–1928 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ABOUTABL, S.A. EL, LUCKNER, M.: Cyclopeptine dehydrogenase in Pénicillium cyclopium. Phytochemistry 14, 2573–2577 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ACTON, G.J., SCHOPFER, P.: Control over activation or synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase by phytochrome in mustard (Sina- pis alba L.). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 404, 231–242 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ALFERMANN, W., REINHARD, E.: Isolierung anthocyanhaltiger und anthocyanfreier Gewebestämme von Daucus carota: Einfluß von Auxin auf die Anthocyanbilding. Experientia 27., 353–354 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • ALFERMANN, W., REINHARD, E.: Influence of phytohormones on secondary product formation in plant cell cultures. In: Secondary Metabolism and Coevolution. LUCKNER, M., MOTHES, K., NOVER, L. (eds.). Nova Acta Leopoldina, Suppl. 7, 345–356 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • AMRHEIN, N.: Evidence against the occurrence of adenosine-3 1, 51 -cyclic monophosphate in higher plants. Planta (Berlin) 118, 241–258 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AMRHEIN, N., ZENK, M.H.: Concomitant induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase during illumination of excised buckwheat hypocotyls. Naturwissenschaften 57, 312 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ASHIDA, M., OHNISHI, E.: Activation of pre-phenol oxidase in hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 122, 411–416 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ASHWORTH, J.M.: Cell development in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 25, 27–49 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ATTRIDGE, T.H., FRENCH, C.J., SMITH, H.: The photocontrol of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase levels in Gherkin seedlings - Activation or de novo synthesis? In: Mechanisms of Regulation of Plant Growth. BIELSKI, R.L., FERGUSON, A.F., CRESSWELL, M.M. (eds.). Royal Society of New Zealand: Wellington 1974a, Bull. 12, pp. 361–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • ATTRIDGE, T.H., JOHNSON, C.B., SMITH, H.: Density-labelling evidence for the phytochrome-mediated activation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in mustard cotyledons. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 343, 440–451 (1974b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ATTRIDGE, T.H., SMITH, H.: Evidence for a pool of inactive phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Cucumis sativus seedlings. Phytochemistry 12, 1569–1574 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BAUTZ, E.K.F.: Regulation of RNA synthesis. Progr. Nucl. Acid Res. Molec. Biol. 12, 129–160 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BECKWITH, J., ROSSOW, P.: Analysis of genetic regulatory mechanisms. Ann. Rev. Genetics 8, 1–13 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BEERMANN, W. (ed.): Developmental studies on giant chromosomes. Res. Probl. Cell Diff. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1972, Vol. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • BELL, E.: Informational DNA synthesis distinguished from that of nuclear DNA by inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Science 174, 603–606 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BELLINI, E., MARTINELLI, M.: Anthocyanin synthesis in radish seedlings: Effects of continuous far red irradiation and phytochrome transformations. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 70, 12–21 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BERTRAND, K., KORN, L., LEE, F., PLATT, T., SQUIRES, C.L., SQUIRES, C., YANOFSKY, C.: New features of the regulation of the try operon. Science 189, 22–26 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BETZ, J., TRÄGER, L.: Enzyminduktion bei Streptomyces hydrogenans Qualitative and quantitative Änderungen des RNA-gehaltes und der RNA-synthese während der Induktion. Z. physiol. Chem. 356, 357–366 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BÖHM, H.: Über Papaver bracteatum Lindl., 8. Mitt.: Erneutes Auftreten von Alpinigenin in Thebain-Typen nach Verfütterung von Tetrahydropalmatin. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 162, 4 74–477 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • BOIME, I., BOGUSLAWSKI, S., CAINE, J.: The translation of a human placental lactogen mRNA fraction in heterologous cell-free systems: The synthesis of a possible precursor. Biochem. Bio- phys. Res. Commun. 62, 103–109 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BONNER, J.T.: Aggregation and differentiation in the cellular slime moulds. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 25., 75–92 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BOULTER, D., ELLIS, R.J., YARWOOD, A.: Biochemistry of protein synthesis in plants. Biol. Rev. 47, 113–175 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BOYD, G.S., BROWNIE, A.C., JEFCOATE, C.R., SIMPSON, E.R.: Cho- lesterole hydroxylation in the adrenal cortex and liver. Biochem. J. 125, 1P-2P (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BRAWERMAN, G.: Eukaryotic messenger RNA. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 43, 621–642 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BREINDL, M., HOLLAND, J.J.: Coupled in vitro transcription and translation of vesicular stomatitis virus messenger RNA. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 2545–2549 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BRIARTY, L.G., COULT, D.A., BOULTER, D.: Protein bodies of developing seeds of Vicea faba. J. Exp. Botany 20, 358–372 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BRIGGS, W.R., RICE, H.V.: Phytochrome, chemical and physical properties and mechanism of action. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. - 23, 293–334 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BROOKS, J., GRANT, P.R., MUIR, M., GIJZEL, P. VAN, SHAW, G. (eds.):Sporopollenin. London: Academic Press 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • BU’LOCK, J.D., BARR, J.G.: A regulation mechanism linking tryptophan uptake and synthesis with ergot alkaloid synthesis in Claviceps. Lloydia 31, 342–354 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • BU’LOCK, J.D., DRAKE, D., WINSTANLEY, D.J.: Specificity and transformations of the trisporic acid series of fungal sex hormones. Phytochemistry 11, 2011–2018 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • BU’LOCK, J.D., HAMILTON, D., HULME, M.A., POWELL, A.J., SMALLEY, H.M., SHEPHERD, D., SMITH, G.N.: Metabolic development and secondary biosynthesis in Pénicillium urticae. Can. J. Microbiol. 11/ 765–778 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BU’LOCK, J.D., SHEPHERD, D., WINSTANLEY, D.J.: Regulation of 6-methyl salicylate and patulin synthesis in Pénicillium urticae. Can. J. Microbiol. 15, 279–282 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BURG, S.P.: Ethylene in plant growth. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 70., 591–597 (1973).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BURGEFF, H.: Untersuchungen über Sexualität und Parasitismus bei Mucorineen I. Botan. Abhandl. 4, 1–135 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • BURNETT, A.L.: The acquisition, maintenance, and lability of the differentiated state in Hydra. In: The Stability of the Differentiated State. URSPRUNG, H. (ed.). Berlin-Heidelberg- New York: Springer 1968, Vol. 1, pp. 109–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • CALHOUN, D.H., HATFIELD, G.W.: Autoregulation of gene expression. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 29, 275–299 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CAMM, E.L., TOWERS, G.H.N.: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Phyto- chemistry 12., 961–973 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CARSIOTIS, M., JONES, R.F., LACY, A.M., CLEARY, T.J., FRANKHAU- SER, D.B.: Histidine-mediated control of tryptophan biosyn- thetic enzymes in Neurospora crassa. J. Bacterid. 104, 98–106 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CASHEL, M.: Regulation of bacterial ppGpp and pppGpp. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 29, 301–318 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CLEVER, U.: The effect of ecdysone on gene activity patterns in giant chromosomes. In: Mechanisms of Hormone Action. KARLSON, P. (ed.). Stuttgart: Thieme and New York: Academic Press 1965, pp. 142–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • CLEVER, U., KARLSON, P.: Induktion von Puff-Veränderungen in den Speicheldrüsenchromosomen von Chironomus tentans durch Ecdyson. Exp. Cell Res. 20, 623–626 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CLUTTERBUCK, A.J.: The effect of morphological and spore colour mutants on a spore specific enzyme of Aspergillus nidulans. Genetics 24, 515 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • COHEN, M.E., HAMILTON, T.H.: Effect of estradiol-173 on the synthesis of specific uterine nonhistone chromosomal proteins. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 4346–4350 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • COHEN, P.P., BROWN, G.W.: Ammonia metabolism and urea biosynthesis. Comparat. Biochem. 2, 161–214 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • COLOMAS, J., BULARD, C.: Irradiations à faible énergie et bio- synthêse d’amarantine chez des plantules d’Amaranthus tricolor L. var. tricolor ruber Hort. Planta (Berlin) 124, 245–254 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CONSTABEL, F., SHYLUK, J.P., GAMBORG, O.L.: The effect of hormones on anthocyanin accumulation in cell cultures of Haplo- pappus gracilis. Planta (Berlin) 96, 306–316 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • COOKE, R.J., SAUNDERS, P.F.: Phytochrome-mediated changes in extractable gibberellin activity in a cell-free system from etiolated wheat leaves. Planta (Berlin) 123, 299–302 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • COOKE, R.J., SAUNDERS, P.F., KENDRICK, R.E.: Red light induced production of gibberellin-like substances in homogenates of etiolated wheat leaves and in suspensions of intact etioplasts. Planta (Berlin) 124, 319–328 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • COOTE, J.G., MANDELSTAM, J.: Use of constracted double mutants for determining the temporal order of expression of sporulation genes in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 114, 1254–1263 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CORRIGAN, J.J.: Nitrogen metabolism in insects. In: Comparative Biochemistry of Nitrogen Metabolism. CAMPBELL, J.W. (ed.). London-New York: Academic Press 1970, Vol. 1, pp. 387–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • COVE, D.J., PATEMAN, J.A.: Autoregulation of the synthesis of nitrate reductase in Aspergillus nidulans. J. Bacteriol. 97, 1374–1378 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CRAKER, L.E.: Effect of ethylene and metabolic inhibitors on anthocyanin biosynthesis. Phytochemistry 14, 151–153 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CRAKER, L.E., ABELES, F.B., SHROPSHIRE, W.: Light-induced ethylene production in Sorghum. Plant Physiol. 51, 1082–1083 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CRAKER, L.E., WETHERBEE, P.J.: Ethylene, carbon dioxide, and anthocyanin synthesis. Plant Physiol. 52, 177–179 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CREASY, L.L., ZUCKER, M.: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and phenolic metabolism. In: Metabolism and Regulation of Secondary Plant Products. RUNECKLES, V.C., CONN, E.E. (eds.). Ree. Advan Phytochemistry 8, 1–19 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • CYBIS, J., WEGLENSKI, P.: Arginase induction in Aspergillus nidulans. The appearance and decay of the coding capacity of messenger. Europ. J. Biochem. 30, 262–268 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CZAPEK, F.: Biochemie der Pflanzen. Jena: Fischer 1921, Vol. III, p. 220.

    Google Scholar 

  • CZICHI, U., KINDL, H.: A model of closely assembled consecutive enzymes on membranes: Formation of hydroxycinnamic acids from L-phenylalanine on thylakoids of Dunaliella marina. Hoppe- Seyler1 s Z. physiol. Chem. 356, 475–485 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DARMON, M., BRÄCHET, P., PEREIRA DA SILVA, L.H.: Chemotactic signals induce cell differentiation in Dictyostelium discoi- deum. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 3163–3166 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DAVIS, W.W., GARREN, L.D.: On the mechanism of action of adreno- corticotrophic hormone. The inhibitory site of cycloheximide in the pathway of steroid biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 243, 5153–5157 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DEMAIN, A.L.: Regulatory mechanisms and the industrial production of microbial metabolites. Lloydia 31, 395–418 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DEMAIN, A.L.: Overproduction of microbial metabolites and enzymes due to alteration of regulation. Advan. Biochem. Engineering 113–142 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • DEMAIN, A.L.: Cellular and environment factors affecting the synthesis and excretion of metabolites. J. appl. Chem. Bio- technol. 22, 345–362 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DEMPSEY, M.E.: Regulation of steroid biosynthesis. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 43, 967–990 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DI CIOCCIO, R.A., STRAUSS, N.: Patterns of transcription in Bacillus subtilis during sporulation. J. Mol. Biol. 77, 325- 336 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • DICKSON, R.C., ABELSON, J., BARNES, W.M., REZNIKOFF, W.S.: Genetic regulation: the lac control region. Science 187, 27–35 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DIENSTMAN, S.R., HOLTZER, H.: Myogenesis: a cell lineage interpretation. In: Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation. BEERMANN, W., HOLTZER, H., REINERT, J., URSPRUNG, H. (eds.). Berlin- Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1975, pp. 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • DRUMM, H., WILDERMANN, A., MOHR, H.: The “high-irradiance response” in anthocyanin formation as related to the phytochrom level. Photochem. Photobiol. 21, 269–273 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DRUMMOND, G.J., GREENGARD, P., ROBISON, G.A. (eds.): Advances in Cyclic Nucleotide Research. New York: Raven Press 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • DUFFY, J.J., PETRUSEK, R.L., GEIDUSCHEK, E.P.: Conversion of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase activity in vitro by a protein induced by phage SP01. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 12, 2366–2370 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • DUNKEL, R., MÜLLER, W., NOVER, L., LUCKNER, M.: Stimulation of alkaloid formation in Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING by phenyl.alanine and mycelial extracts. In: Secondary Metabolism and Coevolution. LUCKNER, M., MOTHES, K., NOVER, L. (eds.). Nova Acta Leopoldina, Suppl. 7, 281–288 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • EBEL, J., SCHALLER-HEKELER, B., KNOBLOCH, K.-H., WELLMANN, E., GRISEBACH, H., HAHLBROCK, K.: Coordinated changes in enzyme activities of phenylpropanoid metabolism during the growthof soybean cell suspension cultures. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 362, 417–424 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ELGIN, S.C.R., WEINTRAUB, H.: Chromosomal proteins and chromatin structure. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 725–774 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • EL KOUSY, S., PFEIFFER, E., ININGER, G., ROOS, W., NOVER, L., LUCKNER, M.: Influence of inhibitors of gene expression on processes of cell specialization during the idiophase development of Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 168, 79–85 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ENGELSBERG, E., WILCOX, G.: Regulation: Positive control. Ann. Rev. Genetics 8, 219–242 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • ENGELSMA, G.: Photoinduction of phenylalanine deaminase in gherkin seedlings. III. Effects of excision and irradiation on enzyme development in hypocotyl segments. Planta (Berlin) 82, 355–368 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ENGELSMA, G.: On the mechanism of the changes in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity induced by ultraviolet and blue light in Gherkin hypocotyls. Plant Physiol. 54, 702–705 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ERGE, D., MAIER, W., GRÖGER, D.: Untersuchungen über die enzy- matische Umwandlung von Chanoclavin-I. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 164, 234–247 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FAILLA, D., TOMKINS, G.M., SANTI, D.V.: Partial purification of a glucocorticoid receptor. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 12, 3849–3852 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • FALK, M., WOLLMANN, R.: Differenzierungsprozesse und Entwicklungsphasen bei Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING - Morphologisch- cytologische Untersuchungen. Pharmazie 29, 77 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • FAN, H., PENMAN, S.: Regulation of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. 2. Inhibition of protein synthesis at the level of initiation during mitosis. J. Mol. Biol. 50, 655–670 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FEOFILOVA, E.P., BEKHTEREVA, M.N.: Effect of vitamin A on biosynthesis of carotene by Blakeslea trispora. Mikrobiologija 45, 557–558 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FILNER, P.: Control of nutrient assimilation, a growth-regulating mechanism in cultured plant cells. Develop. Biology, Suppl. 3, 206–226 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • FILNER, P., WRAY, J.L., VARNER, J.E.: Enzyme induction in higher plants. Science 165, 358–367 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FLOSS, H.G., MOTHES, U.: Über den Einfluß von Tryptophan und analogen Verbindungen auf die Biosynthese von Clavinalkaloiden in saprophytischer Kultur. Arch. Mikrobiol. 48., 213–221 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • FLOSS, H.G., ROBBERS, J.E., HEINSTEIN, P.F.: Regulatory control mechanisms in alkaloid biosynthesis. In: Metabolism and Regulation of Secondary Plant Products. RUNECKLES, V.C., CONN, E.E. (eds.). New York: Academic Press, Recent Advan. Phytochem. 8, 141–175 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • FOARD, D.E.: Differentiation in plant cells. In: Cell Differentiation. SCHJEIDE, O.A., DE VELLIS, J. (eds.). New York: van Nostrand Reinhold Comp. 1970, pp. 575–602.

    Google Scholar 

  • FOOR, F., JANSSEN, K.A., MAGASANIK, B.: Regulation of synthesis of glutamine synthetase by adenylated glutamine synthetase. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 4844–4848 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FORGET, B.G., HOUSMAN, D., BENZ, E.J., McCAFFREY, R.P.: Synthesis of DNA complementary to separated human alpha and beta globin messenger RNAs. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 984–988 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FORRESTER, P.I., GAUCHER, G.M.: m-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Pénicillium urticae. Biochemistry 11, 1108–1114 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FOURNIER, M.J., BRENNER, D.J., DOCTOR, B.P.: The isolation of genes: a review of advances in the enrichment, isolation, and in vitro synthesis of specific cistrons. Progr. Molec. Subcell Biol. 3, 15–84 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FRAGOULIS, E.G., SEKERIS, C.E.: Induction of dopa (3, 4-dihydro- xyphenylalanine) decarboxylase in blowfly integument by ecdy- sone. A demonstration of synthesis of the enzyme de novo. Biochem. J. U6, 121–126 (1975a).

    Google Scholar 

  • FRAGOULIS, E.G., SEKERIS, C.E.: Translation of m-RNA for 3, 4- dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase isolated from Epidermis tissue of Calliphora vicina R.-D. in an heterologous system. Dependence of m-RNA concentration on the insect steroid hormone ecdysone. Eur op. J. Biochem. 51, 305–316 (1975b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FRAMM, J., NOVER, L., EL AZZOUNY, A., RICHTER, H., WINTER, K., WERNER, S., LUCKNER, M.: Cyclopeptin und Dehydrocyclopeptin, Zwischenprodukte der Biosynthese von Alkaloiden der Cyclopenin Viridicatin-Gruppe bei Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING. Europ. J. Biochem. 37, 78–85 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FRENCH, C.J., SMITH, H.: An inactivator of phenylalanine ammonia lyase from gherkin hypocotyls. Phyto chemistry 14, 963–966 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FREY-WYSSLING, A.: Die Stoffaus Scheidung der höheren Pflanzen. Berlin: Springer 1935, p. 378.

    Google Scholar 

  • FREY-WYSSLING, A.: Betrachtungen über pflanzliche Stoffelimination. Ber. Schweiz. Botan. Ges. 80, 454–466 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • FRIEDEN, E., JUST, J.J.: Hormonal responses in amphibian metamorphosis. In: Biochemical Actions of Hormones. LITWACK, G. (ed.). New York: Academic Press 1970, pp. 1–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • GALSKY, A.G., LIPPINCOTT, J.A.: Promotion and inhibition of a- amylase production in barley endosperm by cyclic AMP and ADP. Plant Cell Physiol. 10, 607–620 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GILBERT, W., MAXAM, A.: The nucleotide sequence of the lac operator. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 70, 3581–3584 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GILL, R., VINCE, D.: Photocontrol of anthocyanin formation in turnip seedlings. Planta (Berlin) 86, 116–123 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • GIUDICI DE NICOLA, M., AMICO, V., SCIUTO, S., PIATTELLI, M.: Light control of amaranthin synthesis in isolated Amaranthus cotyledons. Phytochemistry 14, 479–481 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • GIUDICI DE NICOLA, M., PIATTELLI, M., AMICO, V.: Photocontrol of betaxanthin synthesis in Celosia plumosa seedlings. Phytochemistry 12, 353–357 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GODCHAUX, W., ADAMSON, S.D., HERBERT, E.: Effects of cyclohexi- mide on polyribosome function in reticulocytes. J. Mol. Biol. 27, 57–72 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GOLDBERGER, R.F.: Autogenous regulation of gene expression. Science 183, 810–816 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GOODAY, G.W.: Fungal sex hormones. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 43, 35–49 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GRANICK, S.: The heme and chlorophyll biosynthetic chain. In: Biochemistry of Chloroplasts. GOODWIN, T.W. (ed.). New York: Academic Press 1967, Vol. II, pp. 373–410.

    Google Scholar 

  • GREENGARD, O.: Enzymic differentiation in mammalian tissues. Essays in Biochemistry 159–205 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • GREENLEAF, A.L., LINN, T.G., LOSICK, R.: Isolation of a new RNA polymerase-binding protein from sporulating Bacillus subtilis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 70, 490–494 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GRISEBACH, H.: Neuere Untersuchungen zur Biosynthese einiger Antibiotica. Planta Med. (Stutt.) Supp. 232–250 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • GRISEBACH, H., HAHLBROCK, K.: Enzymology and regulation of flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis in plants and plant cell cultures. In: Metabolism and Regulation of Secondary Plant Products. RUNECKLES, V.C., CONN, E.E. (eds.). New York: Academic Press 1974, pp. 21–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • GROS, R.: Control of gene expression in prokaryotic systems. FEBS Letters 40, (Suppl.) 19–27 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • GUERZONI, M.E.: Physiological and enzymatic aspects of histidine- mediated control of the tryptophan pathway. Arch. Mikrobiol. 86, 57–68 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GUIDOTTI, A., HANBAUER, I., COSTRA, E.: Role of cyclic nucleotides in the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase. Advan. Cycl. Nucl. Res. 5, 619–639 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAAVIK, H.I., FROYSHOV, O.: Function of peptide antibiotics in producer organism. Nature (London) 254, 79–82 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAFFKE, S.C., SEEDS, N.W.: Neuroblastoma: The Escherichia coli of neurobiology? Life Sci. 16, 1649–1658 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAHLBROCK, K.: Regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in cell-suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Apparent rates of enzyme synthesis and degradation. Europ. J. Biochem. 63, 137–145 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAHLBROCK, K.: Coordinated regulation of the enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis. In: Cell Differentiation in Microorganisms, Plants and Animals. NOVER, L., MOTHES, K. (eds.). Jena-Amster- dam: VEB Fischer and Elsevier 1977, pp. 524–537.

    Google Scholar 

  • HAHLBROCK, K., EBEL, J., ORTMANN, R., SUTTER, A., WELLMANN, E., GRISEBACH, H.: Regulation of enzyme activities related to the biosynthesis of flavone glycosides in cell suspension cultures of Parsley (Petroselinum hortense). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 244, 7–15 (1971a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAHLBROCK, K., KNOBLOCH, K.-H., KREUZALER, F., POTTS, J.R.M., WELLMANN, E.: Coordinated induction and subsequent activity changes of two groups of metabolically interrelated enzymes. Light-induced synthesis of flavonoid glycosides in cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Europ. J. Biochem. 61, 199–206 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAHLBROCK, K., RAGG, H.: Light-induced changes of enzyme activities in parsley cell suspension cultures. Effects of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 166, 41–46 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAHLBROCK, K., SCHRÖDER, J.: Light-induced changes of enzyme activities in parsley cell suspension cultures. Increased rate of synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 166/ 47–53 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAHLBROCK, K., SUTTER, A., WELLMANN, E., ORTMANN, R., GRISEBACH, H.: Relationship between organ development and activity of enzymes involved in flavone glycoside biosynthesis in young parsley plants. Phytochemistry 10, 109–116 (1971b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAHLBROCK, K., WELLMANN, E.: Light-induced flavone biosynthesis and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and UDP-apiose synthetase in cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Planta (Berlin) 94, 236–239 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAHLBROCK, K., WELLMANN, E.: Light-independent induction of enzymes related to phenylpropanoid metabolism in cell suspension cultures from parsley. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 304, 702–706 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAMILTON, T.H.: Control by estrogen of genetic transcription and translation. Science 161, 649–661 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAMKALO, B.A., MILLER, O.L.: Electronmicroscopy of genetic activity. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 42, 379–396 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HANSON, R.S., PETERSON, J.A., YOUSTEN, A.A.: Unique biochemical events in bacterial sporulation.Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 24, 53–90 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HARTLEY, M.R., WHEELER, A., ELLIS, R.J.: Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. V. Translation of mRNA for the large subunit of fraction I protein in a heterologous cell-free system. J. Mol. Biol. 91, 67–77 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HATHOUT BASSIM, T.A., PECKET, R.C.: The effect of membrane stabilizers on phytochrome-controlled anthocyanin biosynthesis in Brassica oleracea. Phytochemistry 14, 731–733 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HAYMAN, E.P., CHICHESTER, C.O., SIMPSON, K.L.: Effects of CPTA upon carotenogenesis and lipoidal constituents in Rhodotorula species. Phytochemistry 13, 1123–1127 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HEINSTEIN, P.F., LEE, S.-L., FLOSS, H.G.: Isolation of dimethyl- ally lpyrophosphate: Tryptophan dimethylallyl transferase from the ergot fungus (Claviceps spec.). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 44, 1244–1251 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HESLOP-HARRISON, J.: Sporopollenin in the biological context. In: Sporopollenin. BROOKS, J., GRANT, P.R., MUIR, M., VAN GIJ-ZEL, SHAW, G. (eds.). London: Academic Press 1971, pp. 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • HESS, D.: Die Wirkung von Zimtsäuren auf die Anthocyansynthese in isolierten Petalen von Petunia hybrida. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 56, 12–19 (1967a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HESS, D.: Substratinduktion bei der Anthocyansynthese von Petunia. Naturwissenschaften 54, 289–290 (1967b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HESS, D.: Substratinduktionen durch Zimtsäuren als physiologischer Mechanismus bei der Einleitung der Anthocyansynthese. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 59, 293–296 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HESS, D., HADWIGER, L.A.: The induction of phenylalanine ammonia- lyase and phaseollin by 9-aminoacridine and other deoxyribonucleic acid intercalating compounds. Plant Physiol. 48., 197–202 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HIPPEL, P.H. VON, McGHEE, J.D.: DNA-protein interactions. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 41, 231–300 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • HOLZER, H.: Regulatory role of proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in yeast. In: Mechanisms of Action and Regulation of Enzymes. KELETI, T. (ed.). Proc. 9th FEBS Meeting 32, 181–193. Budapest: Akadfemikai Kiado 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOLTZER, H., ABOTT, J.: Oscillation of the chondrogenic pheno- type in vitro. In: The Stability of the Differentiated State. URSPRUNG, H. (ed.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1968, pp. 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOLTZER, H., WEINTRAUB, H., BIEHL, J.: Cell cycle-dependent events during myogenesis, neurogenesis, and erythrogenesis. In: Biochemistry of Cell Differentiation. MONROY, A., TSANEV, R. (eds.). London: Academic Press 1973, pp. 41–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOROWITZ, J., SAUKKONEN, J.J., CHARGAFF, E.: Effects of fluoro- pyrimidines on the synthesis of bacterial proteins and nucleic acids. J. Biol. Chem. 235, 3266–3272 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HU, A.S.L., BOCK, R.M., HALVORSON, H.O.: Separation of labeled from unlabeled proteins by equilibrium density gradient sedimentation. Anal. Biochem. 4, 489–504 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HUA, S., MARKOVITZ, A.: Multiple regulation of the galactose operon - genetic evidence for a distinct site in the galactose operon that responds to capR gene regulation in Escherichia coli K-12. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 71., 507–511 (1974).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • HUANG, P.C.: DNA, RNA and protein interactions. Progr. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 23, 103–144 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • HUANG, P.C., SMITH, M.M.: Nucleic acid hybridization and the nature of chromosomal protein bound RNA. In: Nucleic Acid Hybridization in the Study of Cell Differentiation. URSPRUNG, H. (ed.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1972, pp. 65–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • HUEZ, G., MARBAIX, H., HUBERT, E., LECLERCQ, M., NUDEL, U., SOREQ, H., SALOMON, R., LEBLEU, B., REVEL, M., LITTAUER, U.Z.: Role of the polyadenylate segment in the translation of globin messenger RNA in Xenopus oocytes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 71, 3143–3146 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IMAM0T0, F.: Translation and transcription of the tryptophan operon. Progr. Nucl. Acid. Res. Mol. Biol. 13, 339–407 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • INGLE, J.: The effect of light and inhibitors on chloroplast and cytoplasmatic RNA synthesis. Plant Physiol. 43., 1850–1854 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • ININGER, G., NOVER, L.: Regulation of 3-galactosidase formation in emerged cultures of Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 167, 585–595 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IREDALE, S.E., SMITH, H.: Properties of phenylalanine ammonia- lyase extracted from Cucumis sativus hypocotyls. Phytochemistry 13, 575–583 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JANGAARD, N.O.: The characterization of phenylalanine ammonia- lyase from several plant species. Phytochemistry 13, 1765–1768 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JANISTYN, B., DRUMM, H.: Phytochrome-mediated rapid changes of cyclic AMP in mustard seedling (Sinapis alba L.). Planta (Berlin) 115, 81–85 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • JENSEN, E.V., DE SOMBRE, E.R.: Estrogen receptor interaction. Science 182, 126–134 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JENSEN, E.V., NUMATA, M., SMITH, S., SUZUKI, T., BRECHER, P.I., DE SOMBRE, E.R.: Estrogen-receptor interactions in target tissues. Dev. Biol. Suppl. 3, 151–171 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • JICINSKÂ, E.: Note on study of the sporulation of fungi: endo- trophic sporulation in the genus Pénicillium. Folia Microbiol. (Praha) 13, 401–409 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • JOBE, A., BOURGEOIS, S.: Lac repressor-operator interaction; VI: The natural inducer of the lac operon. J. Mol. Biol. 69, 397–408 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JOH, T.H., GEGHMAN, C., REIS, D.: Immunochemical demonstration of increased accumulation of tyrosine hydroxylase protein in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla elicited by reserpine. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 70, 2767–2771 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JOHNSON, C., ATTRIDGE, T., SMITH, H.: Regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase synthesis by cinnamic acid; its implication of the light mediated regulation of the enzyme. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 385, 11–19 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JONDORF, W.R., SIMON, D.C., AVNIMELECH, M.: Further studies on the stimulation of L- (l 14C) -amino acid incorporation with cyclo- heximide. Mol. Pharmacol. 2, 506–517 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JONES, G.H., WEISSBACH, H.: RNA metabolism in Streptomyces anti- bioticus; Effect of 5-fluorouracil on the appearance of pheno- xazinone synthetase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 137, 558–573 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JOST, J.P., RICKENBERG, H.V.: Cyclic AMP. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 40, 741–774 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JUNGMANN, R.A., SHAW-GUANG LEE, DeANGELO, A.B.: Translocation of cytoplasmic protein kinase and cAMP-binding protein to intracellular acceptor sites. Advan. Cycl. Nucl. Res. 5, 281–306 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KAMBE, M., IMAE, Y., KURABASHI, K.: Biochemical studies on gramicidin S non-producing mutants of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 75, 481–493 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KANE, J.F., HOLMES, W.M., JENSEN, R.A.: Metabolic interlock: The dual function of a folate pathway gene as an extra-operonic gene of tryptophan biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 1587–1596 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KANG, B.G., NEWCOMB, W., BURG, S.P.: Mechanism of auxin-induced ethylene production. Plant Physiol. 47, 504–509 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KANNANGARA, C.G., HENNINGSEN, K.W., STUMPF, P.K., WETTSTEIN, D. VON: 6-Methylsalicylic acid synthesis by isolated barley chloroplasts. Europ. J. Biochem. 21, 334–338 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KAPLAN, H., HORNEMANN, U., KELLEY, K.M., FLOSS, H.G.: Tryptophan metabolism, protein and alkaloid synthesis in saprophytic cultures of the ergot fungus (Claviceps sp.). Lloydia 32, 489–497 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KARABOYAS, G.C., KORITZ, S.B.: Identity of the site of action of 31, 51-adenosine monophosphate and adrenocorticotrophic hormone in corticosteroidogenesis in rat adrenal and beef adrenal cortex slices. Biochemistry 4, 462–468 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KARLSON, P.: Hormonwirkung durch Genaktivierung. In: Mechanisms of Hormone Action. KARLSON, P. (ed.). Stuttgart: Thieme and New York: Academic Press 1965, pp. 139–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • KARLSON, P., MERGENHAGEN, D., SEKERIS, C.E.: Zum Tyrosinstoff- wechsel der Insekten, XV. Weitere Untersuchungen über das o- Diphenoloxydasesystem von Calliphora erythrocephala. Z. Physiol. Chem. 338/ 42–50 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KARLSON, P., SCHWEIGER, A.: Zum Tyrosinstoffwechsel der Insekten, IV. Das Phenoloxydase-System von Calliphora und seine Beeinflussung durch das Hormon Ecdyson. Hoppe-Seyler1s Z. Physiol. Chem. 323/ 199–210 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KARLSON, P., SEKERIS, C.E.: Zum Tyrosinstoffwechsel der Insekten, IX. Kontrolle des Tyrosinstoffwechsels durch Ecdyson. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 63, 489–495 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KARLSON, P., SEKERIS, C.E., MARMARAS, V.I.: Die Aminosäurezusammensetzung verschiedener Proteinfraktionen aus der Cuticula von Calliphora erythrocephala in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien. J. Insect. Physiol. 15, 319–323 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KAU, K.W., UNGAR, F.: Characterization of an adrenal activator for cholesterol side chain cleavage. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 2868- 2875 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • KEPES, A.: Transcription and translation in the lactose operon of Escherichia coli studied by in vivo kinetics. Progr. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 19, 199–236 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KHOKHLOV, A.S., ANISOVA, L.N., TOVAROVA, I.I., KLEINER, E.M., KOVALENKO, I.V., KRASILNIKOVA, O.I., KORNITS KAYA, I.Y., PLINER, S.A.: Effect of A-factor on the growth of asporogenous mutants of Streptomyces griseus, not producing this factor. Z. Allg. Mikrobiol. 13, 647–655 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KHOKHLOV, A.S., TOVAROVA, I.I., ANISOVA, L.N.: Regulators of streptomycin biosynthesis and development of Actinomyces strep-tomycini. In: Secondary Metabolism and Coevolution. LUCKNER, M., MOTHES, K., NOVER, L. (eds.). Nova Acta Leopoldina, Suppl. 7, 289–298 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • KHOKHLOV, A. S., TOVAROVA, I.I., BORISOVA, L.N., PLINER, S.A., SHEVCHENKO, L.A., KORNITSKAYA, E.J., IVKINA, N.S., RAPOPORT, I.A.: The A-factor responsible for the biosynthesis of streptomycin in mutant strains of Actinomyces streptomycini. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 177, 232–235 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KILLEWICH, L., SCHUTZ, G., FEIGELSON, P.: Functional level of rat liver tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase messenger RNA during superinduction of enzyme with actinomycin D. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 4285–4287 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KILLICK, K.A., WRIGHT, B.A.: Regulation of enzyme activity during differentiation in Dictyostelium dioscoideum. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 28, 139–166 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KIM, K.-H.: Nucleic acid hybridization to isolated chromatin. In: Nucleic Acid Hybridization in the Study of Cell Differentiation. URSPRUNG, H. (ed.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1972, pp. 37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • KLIER, A.F., LECADET, M.M., DEDONDER, R.: Sequential modifications of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during sporogenesis in Bacillus thuringiensis. Europ. J. Biochem. 36., 317–327 (1973).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KÖHLER, K.-H.: Kinetik der durch Inhibitoren des Protein- und Nukleinsäurestoffwechseis bewirkten Hemmung der Amaranthinbil- dung bei Amaranthus caudatus Keimlingen. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 168, 1 13–122 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • KRUPINSKI, V.M., ROBBERS, J.E., FLOSS, H.G.: Physiological study of ergot: induction of alkaloid synthesis by tryptophan at the enzymatic level. J. Bact. 125, 158–165 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KUNG, H.-F., SPEARS, C., WEISSBACH, H.: Purification and properties of a soluble factor required for the DNA-directed in vitro synthesis of 3-galactosidase. J. Biol. Chem. 250, 1556- 1562 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KURAHASHI, K.: Biosynthesis of small peptides. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 43, 445–459 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LANGE, H., MOHR, H.: Die Hemmung der Phytochrom-induzierten An- thocyansynthese durch Actinomycin D und Puromycin. Planta (Berlin) 67, 107–121 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LANGE, H., SHROPSHIRE, W., MOHR, H.: An analysis of phytochrom- mediated anthocyanin synthesis. Plant Physiol. 47., 649–655 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LANE, M.D., MÖSS, J.: Regulation of fatty acid synthesis in animal tissues. In: Metabolic Regulation. VOGEL, H.J. (ed.). New York- London: Academic Press 1971, pp. 23–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • LAWRENCE, P.: The cell cycle and cellular differentiation in insects. In: Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation. BEERMANN, W., HOLTZER, H., REINERT, J., URSPRUNG, H. (eds.). Berlin- Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1975, pp. 111–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • LEE, S.G., LITTAU, V., LIPMANN, F.: The relation between sporu- lation and the induction of antibiotic synthesis and of amino acid uptake in Bacillus brevis. J. Cell Biol. 66, 233–242 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LEIGHTON, T.J., DOI, R.H., WARREN, R.A.I., KELLN, R.A.: The relationship of serine protease activity to RNA polymerase modification and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J. Mol. Biol. 76, 103–122 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LIEBERMANN, M., KUNISHI, A.T.: Ethylene-forming systems in etiolated pea seedling and apple tissue. Plant Physiol. 55, 1074- 1078 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LIGHT, R.J.: Effects of cycloheximide and amino acid analogues on biosynthesis of 6-methylsalicylic acid in Pénicillium patu- lum. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 122, 494–500 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LIGHT, R.J.: 6-Methylsalicylic acid decarboxylase from Pénicillium pa tul um. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 191, 430–438 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LIGHT, R.J.: Enzymatic studies on polyketide hypothesis. J. Agr. Food Chem. 18, 260–267 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LINN, T.G., GREENLEAF, A.L., SHORENSTEIN, R.G., LOSICK, R.: Loss of the a-activity of RNA polymerase of Bacillus subtilis during sporulation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 70, 1865–1869 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LIS, J.T., SCHLEIF, R.: The regulatory region of the L-arabinose operon: its isolation on a 1000 base-pair fragment from DNA heteroduplexes. J. Mol. Biol. 95, 409–416 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LISSITZKY, S., FAYET, G., VERRIER, B.: Thyrotropin-receptor interaction and cAMP-mediated effects in thyroid cells. Advan. Cycl. Nucl. Res. 5, 133–152 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LOCKWOOD, D.H., STOCKDALE, F.E., TOPPER, Y.Y.: Hormone dependent differentiation of mammary gland: Sequence of action of hormones in relation to cell cycle. Science 156, 945–946 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LÖFFELHARDT, W., KINDL, H.: The conversion of L-phenylalanine into benzoic acid on the thylakoid membrane of higher plants. Hoppe-Sey1er1 s Z. Physiol. Chem. 356, 487–493 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • LÖFFELHARDT, W., LUDWIG, B., KINDL, H.: Thylakoid-gebundene L- Phenylalanin-Ammoniak-Lyase. Hoppe Seyler’s Z. Physiol. Chem. 354, 1006–1012 (1973).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LOSICK, R.: In vitro transcription. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 41, 409–446 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LOSICK, R., PERO, J.: Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase and its modification in sporulating and phage-infected bacteria. Adv. Enzymol. 44, 165–185 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LUCKNER, M.: Was ist Sekundärstoffwechsel? Pharmazie 26, 717–724 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LUCKNER, M.: Secondary Metabolism in Plants and Animals. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • LUCKNER, M.: The integration of benzodiazepine and quinoline alkaloid formation into the developmental program of Pénicillium cyclopium. In: Cell Differentiation in Microorganisms, Plants and Animals. NOYER, L., MOTHES, K. (eds.). Jena and Amsterdam: VEB Fischer and Elsevier 1977, pp. 538–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • LUCKNER, M., MOTHES, K., NOVER, L.: Secondary metabolism and coevolution; cellular, intercellular and interorganismic aspects. Nova Acta Leopoldina, Suppl. 7 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • MACKENZIE, J.M., COLEMAN, R.A., BRIGGS, W.R., PRATT, L.H.: Reversible redistribution of phytochrome within the cell upon conversion to its physiologically active forms. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 799–803 (1975).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MAGASANIK, B.: Regulation of the synthesis of degradative bacterial enzymes. In: Cell Differentiation in Microorganisms, Plants and Animals. NOVER, L., MOTHES, K. (eds.). Jena and Amsterdam: VEB Fischer and Elsevier 1977, pp. 438–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • MAGASANIK, B., PRIVAL, M.J., BRENCHLEY, J.E., TYLER, B.M., DE LEO, A.B., STREICHER, S.L., BENDER, R.A., PARIS, C.G.: Glutamine synthetase as a regulator of enzyme synthesis. Current Topics Cell. Regul. 8, 119 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MAHAFFEE, E., REITZ, R.C., NEY, R.L.: The mechanism of action of adrenocorticotrophic hormone. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 227–233 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MAILHAMMER, R., YANG, H.L., REINESS, G., ZUBAY, G.: Effects of bacteriophage T4-induced modification of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase on gene expression in vitro. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 4928–4932 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MAJORS, J.: Initiation of in vitro mRNA synthesis from the wild- type lac promoter. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 4394–4398 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MANCINELLI, A.L., YANG, C.H., LINDQUIST, P., ANDERSON, O.R., RABINO, I.: Photocontrol of anthocyanin synthesis. III. The action of streptomycin on the synthesis of chlorophyll and anthocyanin. Plant Physiol. 55, 251–257 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • MANDELSTAM, J.: Bacterial sporulation: a problem in the biochemistry and genetics of a primitive developmental system. Proc. Roy Soc. London B. 193, 89–106 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MARMARAS, V.J., SEKERIS, C.E.: Pattern and activity of polyribosomes from the integument of blowfly larvae during development. Exp. Cell Res. 75, 143–153 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MARSHALL, R., REDFIELD, B., KATZ, E., WEISSBACH, H.: Changes in phenoxazinone synthetase activity during the growth cycle of Streptomyces antibioticus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 123, 317–23 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MARTINELLI, S.D.: Biochemical investigations on conidiation of Aspergillus nidulans in submerged liquid culture. Biochem. J. 127, 16 P (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MATCHETT, W.H., DEMOSS, J.A.: Physiological channeling of tryptophan in Neurospora crassa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 86, 91–99 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCLURE, J.W.: Physiology and function of flavonoids. In: The Flavonoids. HARBORNE, J.B., MABRY, T.J., MABRY, H. (eds.). London: Chapman and Hall 1975, pp. 970–1055.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCLURE, J.W., GROSS, G.G.: Diverse photoinduction characteristics of hydroxycinnamate: Coenzyme A ligase and phenylalanine ammonia -lyase in dicotyledonous seedlings. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 76, 51–55 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMAHON, D.: Cycloheximide is not a specific inhibitor of protein synthesis in vivo. Plant Physiol. 55., 815–821 (1975).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MEINS, F.: Cell division and the determination phase of cyto- differentiation in plants. In: Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation. BEERMANN, W., HOLTZER, H., REINERT, J., URSPRUNG, H. (eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1975, pp. 151–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • MESLAND, D.A.M., HUISMAN, J.G., VAN DEN ENDE, H.: Volatile sexual hormones in Mucor mucedo. J. Gen. Microbiol. 80, 111–117 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • METZENBERG, R.L.: Genetic regulatory systems in Neurospora. Ann. Rev. Genetics 6, 111–132 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MEYER, B.J., KLEID, D.G., PTASHNE, M.: X Repressor turns off transcription of its own gene. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 4785–4789 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MITRAKOS, K., SHROPSHIRE, W. (eds.): Phytochrome. London: Academic Press 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • MOHR, H., DRUMM, H., KASEMIR, H.: Licht und Farbstoffe. Ber. Deut. Botan. Ges. 87, 49–69 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MOHR, H., SITTE, P.: Lectures on Photomorphogenesis. Berlin- Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • MOSCONA, A.A.: Induction of glutamine synthetase in embryonic neural retina: a model for the regulation of specific gene expression in embryonic cells. In: Biochemistry of Cell Differentiation. MONROY, A., TSANEV, R. (eds.). London-New York: Academic Press 1973, pp. 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • MOSCONA, M., FRENKEL, N., MOSCONA, A.A.: Regulatory mechanisms in the induction of glutamine synthetase in the embryonic retina: Immunochemical studies. Develop. Biol. 28, 229–241 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MOTHES, K.: Vergleichende Betrachtung des pflanzlichen Stoffwechsels. In: Physiologische Chemie. FLASCHENTRÄGER, B., LEHNART Z, E. (eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1966a, Vol. 11/2d/B, pp. 971–975.

    Google Scholar 

  • MOTHES, K.: Zur Problematik der metabolischen Exkretion bei Pflanzen. Naturwissenschaften 53, 317–323 (1966b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MOTHES, K.: über sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe. Abh. sächs. Akad. Wiss. Leipzig, math.-naturwiss. Klasse 52, 3–29 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • MÜNTZ, K., HORSTMANN, C., SCHOLZ, G.: Proteine und Proteinbiosynthese in Samen von Vicia faba L. Kulturpflanze 20, 277–326 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • MURPHY, G., LYNEN, F.: Patulin biosynthesis. The metabolism of m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and m-hydroxybenzaldehyde by particulate preparations from Pénicillium patulum. Europ. J. Biochem. 58, 467–475 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NASON, A., EVANS, H.J.: TPN-nitrate reductase in Neurospora: Inducibility of nitrate reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 202, 655–673 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NEBERT, D.W., GIELEN, J.E., GOUJON, F.M.: Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. 3. Changes in the binding of n-octylamine to cytochrome P 450. Mol. Pharmacol. 8, 651 666 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • NEGBI, M., HOPKINS, D.W., BRIGGS, W.R.: Acceleration of dark reversion of phytochrome in vitro by calcium and magnesium. Plant Physiol. 56, 157–159 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NOVER, L., MÜLLER, W.: Influence of cycloheximide on the expression of alkaloid metabolism in partially synchronized emerged cultures of Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING. FEBS Letters 50, 17–20 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NOVER, L., LUCKNER, M.: Mixed functional oxygenations during the biosynthesis of cyclopenin and cyclopenol, benzodiazepine alkaloids of Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING. FEBS Letters 3, 292–296 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NOVER, L., LUCKNER, M.: Expression of secondary metabolism as part of the differentiation processes during the idiophase development of Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING. Biochem. Physiol Pflanz. 166, 293–305 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NOVER, L., LUCKNER, M.: Influence of inhibitors of gene expression on processes of cell specialization in Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING. In: Secondary Metabolism and Coevolution. LUCKNER, M., MOTHES, K., NOVER, L. (eds.). Nova Acta Leopoldina, Suppl. 7, 229–241 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • OELZE-KAROW, H., MOHR, H.: Experiments regarding the problem of differentiation in multicellular systems. Z. Naturforsch. 25b, 1282–1286 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • O’MALLEY, B.W., MEANS, A.R.: Female steroid hormones and target cell nuclei. Science 183, 610–620 (1974).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ORNSTON, L.N.: Regulation of catabolic pathways in Pseudomonas. Bact. Rev. 35., 87–116 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • OTA, Y., OHTA, T., IMAHORI, K.: The differentiation in the availabilities of initiation points of phage RNA cistrons in their translation. J. Biochem. 71, 743–746 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PACKTER, N.M., COLLINS, J.S.: Effect of inhibitors of protein synthesis on the formation of phenols derived from acetate and shikimic acid in Aspergillus fumigatus. Europ. J. Biochem. 42, 291–302 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PAECH, K.: Biochemie und Physiologie der sekundären Pflanzenstoffe. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • PALADE, G.E.: Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis. Science 189, 347–358 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PALMITER, R.D., CAREY, N.H.: Rapid inactivation of ovalbumin messenger ribonucleic acid after acute withdrawel of estrogen. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 71, 2357–2361 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PARTHIER, B: Existenz und Realisierung extrachromosomaler genetischer Information in Piastiden und Mitochondrien. Biol. Rundschau 8, 289–306 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PARTHIER, B., KRAUSPE, R., MUNSCHE, D., WOLLGIEHN, R.: The biogenesis of chloroplasts. In: The Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Proteins. HARBORNE, J.B., VAN SÜMERE, C.F. (eds.). New York-London: Academic Press 1975, pp. 167–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • PASTAN, I., PERLMAN, R.: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate in bacteria. Science 169, 339–344 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PAUL, J., GILMOUR, R.S.: The regulatory role of non-histone proteins in RNA synthesis. Ciba Foundation Symp. 28, 181–198 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PAULUS, H., SARKAR, N.: Peptide antibotics as regulatory effectors during bacterial sporulation. Nova Acta Leopoldina, Suppl. 7, 357–373 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PECKET, R.C., HATHOUT BASSIM, T.A.: The effect of kinetin in relation to photocontrol of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Brassica oleracea. Phytochemistry 13, 1395–1399 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PERO, J., NELSON, J., FOX, T.D.: Highly asymmetric transcription by RNA polymerase containing phage-SPO1-induced polypeptides and a new host protein. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 1589–1593 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PESTKA, S.: Inhibitors of ribosome functions. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 40, 697–710 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • PESTKA, S. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 25, 487–562 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PIATTELLI, M., GIUDICI DE NICOLA, M., CASTROGIOVANNI, V.: The Effect of kinetin on amaranthin synthesis in Amaranthus tricolor in darkness. Phytochemistry 10, 289–293 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PIGGOT, P.J.: Mapping of asporogenous mutations of Bacillus subtilis: a minimum estimate of the number of sporulation operons. J. Bacteriol. 114, 1241–1253 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PINE, M.J.: Turnover of intracellular proteins. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 16, 103–126 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • PIRROTTA, V.: Sequence of the Or operator phage X. Nature (London) 254/ 114–117 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • POLING, S.M., HSU, W.-J., YOKOYAMA, H.: Structure-activity relationships of chemical inducers of carotenoid biosynthesis. Phytochemistry 14, 1933–1938 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • POYTON, R.O., GROOT, G.S.P.: Biosynthesis of polypeptides of cytochrome C oxidase by isolated mitochondria. Proc. Nat. Acad Sci. 72, 172–176 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • QUAST, L., WIERMANN, R.: über das Vorkommen verschieden substitu ierter Chalkone während der Mikrosporogenese bei Tulipa. Ex- perientia 29, 1165–1166 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RABINOWITCH, H.D., RUDICH, J.: Effects of ethephon and CPTA on color development of tomato fruits at high temperature. Hort. Sci. 7, 76–77 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RANJEVA, R., BOUDET, A.M., HARADA, H., MARIGO, G.: Phenolic metabolism in petunia tissues. I. Characteristic responses of enzymes involved in different steps of polyphenol synthesis to different hormonal influences. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 399, 23–30 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RAO, K.K., PATEL, V.P.: Effect of tryptophan and related compounds on alkaloid formation in Aspergillus fumigatus. Lloydia 37, 608–610 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RAST, D., SKřTVANOVA, R., BACHOFEN, R.: Replacement of light by dibutyryl-cAMP and cAMP in betacyanin synthesis. Phytochemistry 12, 2669–2672 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • REXER, B., SRINIVASAN, V.R., ZILLIG, W.: Regulation of transcription during sporulation of Bacillus cereus T. Europ. J. Bio- chem. 53, 271–281 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RHAESE, H.-J., GROSCURTH, R.: Control of development: Role of regulatory nucleotides synthesized by membranes of Bacillus subtilis in initiation of sporulation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 73, 331–335 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RICHMOND, M.H.: Enzymic adaptation in bacteria: its biochemical and genetic basis. Essays in Biochemistry 4, 105–154 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RICHTER, I., LUCKNER, M.: Cyclopenin m-hydroxylase - an enzyme of alkaloid metabolism in Penicillium cylcopium. Phytochemistry 15, 67–70 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RICKENBERG, H.V.: Cyclic AMP in prokaryotes. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 28, 353–369 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RICKWOOD, D., BIRNIE, G.A.: Metrizamide, a new density-gradient medium. FEBS Letters 50, 102–110 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RISTOW, H.-J., SCHAZSCHNEIDER, B., BAUER, K., KLEINKAUF, H.: Tyrocidine and the linear gramicidin. Do these peptide antibiotics play an antagonistic regulative role in sporulation? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 390, 246–252 (1975a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RISTOW, H.-J., SCHAZSCHNEIDER, B., BAUER, K.: Effects of the peptide antibiotics tyrocidine and the linear gramicidin on RNA synthesis and sporulation of Bacillus brevis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 63, 1085–1092 (1975b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RISTOW, H.-J., SCHAZSCHNEIDER, B., VATER, J., KLEINKAUF, H.: Some characteristics of the DNA-tyrocidine complex and a possible mechanism, of the gramicidin action. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 414, 1–8 (1975c).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ROBBERS, J.E., FLOSS, H.G.: Induction by tryptophan of the enzymes of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis. Nova Acta Leopoldina, Suppl. 7, 243–269 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ROBBERS, J.E., ROBERTSON, L.W., HORNEMANN, K.M., JINDRA, A., FLOSS, H.G.: Physiological studies on ergot: Further studies on the induction of alkaloid synthesis by tryptophan and its inhibition by phosphate. J. Bacteriol. VV2, 791–796 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • SAIER, M.H., FEUCHT, B.U., McCAMAN, M.T.: Regulation of intracellular adenosine cyclic 31, 51-monophosphate levels in Esche- richia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. J. Biol. Chem. 250, 7593–7601 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SAKAI, S., IMASEKI, H.: Auxin-induced ethylene production by mungbean hypocotyl segments. Plant Cell Physiol. 12, 349–359 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SARKAR, N., PAULUS, H.: Function of peptide antibiotics in sporu- lation. Nature (New Biol.) 139, 228–230 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • SARKAR, P.K., MOSCONA, A.A.: Glutamine synthetase induction in embryonic neural retina: Immunochemical identification of polysomes involved in enzyme synthesis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 70, 1667–1671 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SAUNDERS, J.A., McCLURE, J.W.: Phytochrome controlled phenylalanine ammonia lyase in Hordeum vulgare plastids. Phytochem- istry 14, 1285–1289 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SCHÄFER, E.: Evidence for binding of phytochrome to membranes. In: Membrane Transport in Plants. ZIMMERMANN, U., DAINTY, J. (eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974, pp. 435–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHAZSCHNEIDER, B., RISTOW, H., KLEINKAUF, H.: Interaction between the antibiotic tyrocidine and DNA in vitro. Nature (London) 249, 757–759 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SCHERRER, K.: Formation and regulation of mRNA in animal cells. In: Regulation of transcription and Translation in Eukaryotes. BAUTZ, E.K.F., KARLSON, P., KERSTEN, H. (eds.). Berlin-Heidel- berg-New York: Springer 1973, pp. 81–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHIFF, J.A.: The control of chloroplast differentiation in Euglena. In: Proc. 3rd Int. Congr. Photosynthesis. AVRON, M. (ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier 1974, pp. 1691–1717.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHIMKE, R.T.: Control of enzyme levels in mammalian tissues. Advan. Enzymol. 37, 135–187 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SCHOPFER, P., BAJRACHARYA, D., FALK, H., THIEN, W.: Phytochrom- gesteuerte Entwicklung von Zellorganellen (Plastiden, Micro- bodies, Mitochondrien). Ber. Deut. Botan. Ges. 88, 245–268 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SCHOPFER, P., PLACHY, C.: Determination by phytochrome of enzyme development. Nova Acta Leopoldina, Suppl. 7, 327–334 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SCHULSTER, D.: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone and the control of adrenal corticosteroidogenesis. Advan. Steroid Biochem. Pharmacol. 4, 233–295 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SCHWEIGER, A., KARLSON, P.: Zum Tyrosinstoffwechsel der Insekten, X. Die Aktivierung der Präphenoloxydase und das Aktivator- Enzym. Z. Physiol. Chem. 319, 210–221 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • SEITZ, U., HEINZMANN, U.: Einfluß der Gibberellinsäure A3 auf die Anthocyansynthese der Kalluskulturen von Daucus carota. Planta Med. (Stuttgart) Suppl. 66–69 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • SEKERIS, C.E.: Action of eedysone on RNA and protein metabolism in the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala. In: Mechanisms of Hormone Action. KARLSON, P. (ed.). Stuttgart: Thieme and New York: Academic Press 1965, pp. 149–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • SEKERIS, C.E.: Die Wirkung von Hormonen auf den Zellkern. Chemie in unserer Zeit 3, 171–177 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SEKERIS, C.E., KARLSON, P.: On the mechanism of hormone action, II. Ecdysone and protein biosynthesis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 105, 483–487 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SEKERIS, C.E., MERGENHAGEN, D.: Phenoloxidase system of the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala. Science 145, 68–69 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SERCARZ, E.E., GORINI, L.: Different contribution of exogenous and endogenous arginine to repressor formation. J. Mol. Biol 8, 254–262 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SEYAMA, N., SPLITTSTOESSER, W.E.: Pigment synthesis in Cucurbita moschata cotyledons as influenced by CPTA and several inhibitors. Plant Cell Physiol. 16, 13–19 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SHAAYA, E., SEKERIS, C.E.: Inhibitory effects of a-amanitin on RNA synthesis and induction of DOPA-decarboxylase by $-ecdysone. FEBS Letters 16., 333–336 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SHAPIRO, D.J., SCHIMKE, R.T.: Immunochemical isolation and characterization of ovalbumin messenger ribonucleic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 250, 1759–1764 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SHAW, G.: The chemistry of sporopollenin. In: Sporopollenin. BROOKS, J., GRANT, P.R., MUIR, M., VAN GIJZEL, P., SHAW, G. (eds.). London: Academic Press 1971, pp. 305–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • SHOWE, M.K., DE MOSS, J.A.: Localization and regulation of nitrate reductase in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 95, 1305–1313 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SILVER, M.J., SMITH, J.B.: Prostaglandins as intracellular messengers. Life Sci. 16., 1635–1648 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • SMILLIE, R.M., SCOTT, N.S.: Organelle biosynthesis: The chloro- plast. Progr. Mol. Subcell. Biol. 136–202 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, H.: The photocontrol of flavonoid biosynthesis. In: Phyto- chrome. MITRAKOS, K., SHROPSHIRE, W. (eds.). London: Academic Press 1972, pp. 433–481.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, H.: Regulatory mechanisms in the photocontrol of flavonoid biosynthesis. In: Biosynthesis and Its Control in Plants. MIL- BORROW, B.V. (ed.). London-New York: Academic Press 1973, pp. 303–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • SONDHEIMER, E., SIMEONE, J.B. (eds.): Chemical Ecology. New York: Academic Press 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • STAFFORD, H.A.: Possible multienzyme complexes regulating the formation of Cg-C3 phenolic compounds and lignins in higher plants. In: Metabolism and Regulation of Secondary Plant Products. RUNECKLES, V.C., CONN, E.E. (eds.). New York: Academic Press 1974, pp. 53–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • STANLEY, R.G., LINSKENS, H.F.: Pollen: Biology, Biochemistry, Management. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • STEFFENSEN, D.M., WIMBER, D.E.: Hybridization of nucleic acids -to chromosomes. In: Nucleic Acid Hybridization in the Study of Cell Differentiation. URSPRUNG, H. (ed.). Berlin-Heidelberg- New York: Springer 1972, pp. 47–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • STEPHENS, J.C., ARZT, S.W., AMES, B.N.: Guanosine 51-diphosphate- 31-diphosphate (ppGpp): positive effector for histidine operon transcription and general signal for amino-acid deficiency. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 4389–4393 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • STERLINI, J.M., MANDELSTAM, J.: Commitment to sporulation in Bacillus subtilis and its relationship to development of actino- mycin resistance. Biochem. J. 113, 29–37 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SUGIYAMA, T., KORANT, B.D., LONBERG-HOLM, K.K.: RNA virus gene expression and its control. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 26, 468–502 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • SÜTFELD, R., WIERMANN, R.: Die Bildung von Coenzym A-Thiolestern verschieden substituierter Zimtsäuren durch Enzymextrakte aus Antheren. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 72, 163–171 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • SUTHERLAND, E.W.: Studies on the mechanism of hormone action. Science 177, 401–408 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SUTTER, R.P.: Mutations affecting sexual development in Phyco- myces blakesleeanus. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72, 127–130 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SZYBALSKI, W.: A network of developmental controls in coliphage lambda. In: Cell Differentiation in Microorganisms, Plants and Animals. NOVER, L., MOTHES, K. (eds.). Jena and Amsterdam: VEB Fischer and Elsevier 1977, pp. 262–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • SZYBALSKI, W., BOVRE, K., FIANDT, M., HAYES, S., HRADECNA, Z., KUMAR, S., LOZERON, H.H., NIJKAMP, H.J.J., STEVENS, W.F.:2 Transcriptional units and their control in Escherichia coli phage X: Operons and scriptons. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 35, 341–354 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TATA, J.R.: Regulation of protein synthesis by growth and developmental hormones. In: Biochemical Actions of Hormones. LITWACK, G., (ed.). New York: Academic Press 1970, pp. 89–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • THIEN, W., SCHOPFER, P.: Control by phytochrome of cytoplasmic and plastid rRNA accumulation in cotyledons of mustard seedlings in the absence of photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 56, 660–664 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • THOMAS, D.M., HARRIS, R.C., KIRK, J.T.O., GOODWIN, T.W.: Studies on carotenogenesis in Blakeslea trispora, II. The mode of action of trisporic acid. Phytochemistry 6, 361–366 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • THOMAS, R.L., JEN, J.J.: Phytochrome-mediated carotenoid biosynthesis in ripening tomatoes. Plant Physiol. 50, 452–453 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • TOMKINS, G.M., GELEHRTER, T.D., GRANNER, D., MARTIN, D., SAMUELS, H., THOMPSON, E.B.: Control of specific gene expression in higher organisms. Science 166, 1474–1480 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TOMKINS, G.M., LEVINSON, B.B., BAXTER, J.D., DETZLEFSEN, L.: Further evidence for postranscriptional control of inducible tyrosine aminotransferase synthesis in cultures of hepatoma cells. Nature (New Biol.) 239, 9–14 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TOVAROVA, I.I., KORNITSKAYA, E.J., PLINER, C.A., SHEVCHENKO, L.A., ANISOVA, L.N., KHOKHLOV, A.S.: On the role of the A-fac- tor in the biosynthesis of streptomycin. Izvest. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Biol. No. 3, 427–434 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TRAN THANH VAN, M., CHLYAH, H., CHLYAH, A.: Regulation of organogenesis in thin layers of epidermal and sub-epidermal cells. In: Tissue Culture and Plant Science. STREET, H.E. (ed.). London: Academic Press 1974, pp. 101–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • TSAI, M.-J., O’MALLEY, B.W.: Effects of estrogen on gene expression in chick oviduct. In: Cell Differentiation in Microorganisms, Plants and Animals. NOVER, L., MOTHES, K. (eds.). Jena and Amsterdam: VEB Fischer and Elsevier 1977, pp. 109–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • TUAN-HUA HO, D., VARNER, J.E.: Hormonal control of messenger ribonucleic acid metabolism in barley aleurone layers. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 11, 4783–4786 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • TYLER, B., DELEO, A., MAGASANIK, B.: Activation of transcription of hut DNA by glutamine synthetase. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 71, 225–229 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • UMBARGER, H.E.: Regulation of amino acids metabolism. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 38, 323–370 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • VAN DEN ENDE, H., WERKMAN, B.A., VAN DEN BRIEL, M.L.: Trisporic acid synthesis in mated cultures of the fungus Blakeslea trispora. Arch. Mikrobiol. 86, 175–184 (1972).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • VAN DEN ENDE, H., WIECHMAN, A.H.C.A., REYNGOUD, D.J., HENDRIKS, T.: Hormonal interactions in Mucor mucedo and Blakeslea trispora. J. Bacteriol. 101, 423–428 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • VAUGHAN, M.H., PAWLOWSKI, P.J., FORCHNAMMER, J.: Regulation of protein synthesis initiation in HeLa cells deprived of single essential amino acids. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 68, 2057–2061 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • VERMA, D.P.S., MACLACHLAN, G.A., BYRNE, H., EWINGS, D.: Regulation and in vitro translation of m-RNA for cellulase from auxin- treated pea epicotyls. J. Biol. Chem. 250, 1019–1026 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • VOGEL, H.J. (ed.): Metabolie Regulation. New York-London: Academic Press 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • VOIGT, S., LUCKNER, M.: Dehydrocyclopeptine epoxidase, a mixed function oxygenase of the alkaloid metabolism of Penicillium cyclopium. Phytochemistry, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • WAITES, W.M., KAY, D., DAWES, I.W., WOOD, D.A., WARREN, S.C., MANDELSTAM, J.: Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Correlation of biochemical events with morphological changes in asporo- genous mutants. Biochem. J. 118, 667–676 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WALTON, D.C., SOOFI, G.S., SONDHEIMER, E.: The effects of abscis- sic acid on growth and nucleic acid synthesis in excised embryonic bean axes. Plant Physiol. 45, 37–40 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WALZ, A., PIRROTTA, V.: Sequence of the PR promoter of phage X. Nature (London) 254, 118–121 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WARD, A.C., PACKTER, N.M.: Relationship between fatty-acid and phenol synthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus. Europ. J. Biochem. 46, 323–333 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WEINBERG, E.D.: Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites: Role of trace metals. Advan. Microbiol. Physiol. 4, 1–44 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WEINBERG, E.D., TONNIS, S.M.: Action of chloramphenicol and its isomers on secondary biosynthetic processes of Bacillus. Appl. Microb. 14, 850–856 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WEINBERG, E.D., TONNIS, S.M.: Role of manganese in biosynthesis of bacitracin. Can. J. Microb. 13, 614–615 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WEINTRAUB, H.: The organization of red cell differentiation. In: Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation. BEERMANN, W., HOLTZER, H., REINERT, J., URSPRUNG, H. (eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1975, pp. 27–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • WEISENSEEL, M., HAUPT, W.: The photomorphogenic pigment phyto- chrome: a membrane effector? In: Membrane Transport in Plants. ZIMMERMANN, U., DAINTY, J. (eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974, pp. 427–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • WELLMANN, E.: Regulation der Flavonoidbiosynthese durch ultraviolettes Licht und Phytochrom in Zellkulturen und Keimlingen von Petersilie (Petroselinum hortense Hoffm.). Ber. Deut. Botan. Ges. 87, 257–273 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • WELLMANN, E.: UV dose-dependent induction of enzymes related to flavonoid biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of parsley. FEBS Letters 51, 105–107 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WELLMANN, E., SCHOPFER, P.: Phytochrome mediated de novo synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in cell suspension cultures of parsley. Plant Physiol. 55, 822–827 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WERKMAN, T.A., VAN DEN ENDE, H.: Trisporic acid synthesis in Blakeslea trispora. Interaction between plus and minus mating types. Arch. Mikrobiol. 90, 365–374 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WIERMANN, R.: über die Beziehungen zwischen flavonolaufbauenden Enzymen, einem flavonolumwandelnden Enzym und der Akkumulation phenylpropanoider Verbindungen während der Antherenentwicklung. Planta (Berlin) 110, 353–360 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WILCOX, G., MEURIS, P., BASS, R., ENGLESBERG, E.: Regulation of the L-arabinose operon BAD in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2946- 2952 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WILKINSON, D.S., PITOT, H.C.: Inhibition of ribosomal RNA maturation in Novikoff hepatoma cells by 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro- uridine. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 63–68 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WILSON, S., SCHMIDT, I., ROOS, W., FÜRST, W., LUCKNER, M.: Quantitative Bestimmung des Enzyms Cyclopenase in Konidiosporenvon Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING und Pénicillium viridicatum WESTLING. Z. Allg. Mikrobiol. 14, 515–523 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WILSON, S., LUCKNER, M.: Cyclopenase, ein Lipoproteid der Protoplasmamembran von Konidiosporen des Pilzes Pénicillium cyclopium WESTLING. Z. Allg. Mikrobiol. 15, 45–51 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WOO, S.L.C., O’MALLEY, B.W.: Hormone inducible messenger RNA review. Life Sci. 17, 1039–1048 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WOOD, D.A.: Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. The appearance of sulpholactic acid as a marker event for sporulation. Biochem. J. 123, 601–605 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • YALOW, R.S., BERSON, S.A.: Immunoassay of plasma insulin. Methods Biochem. Anal.12, 69–96 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ZENK, M.H., EL-SHAGI, H., SCHULTE, U.: Anthraquinone production by cell suspension cultures of Morinda citrifolia. Planta Med. (Stuttgart) Suppl.79–101 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • ZUCKER, M.: Light and enzymes. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 23., 133–156 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Luckner, M., Nover, L. (1977). Expression of Secondary Metabolism An Aspect of Cell Specialization of Microorganisms, Higher Plants, and Animals. In: Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation. Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol 23. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81102-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81102-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-81104-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-81102-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics