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Mechanismen der Angiogenese

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Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Part of the book series: Handbuch der Molekularen Medizin ((HDBMOLEK,volume 3))

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Zusammenfassung

Die Entstehung und Bildung neuer Blutgefäße wird als Angio- bzw. Vaskulogenese bezeichnet. Die Vaskulogenese ist die Entwicklung von Blutgefäßen aus Stammzellen, den sog. Blutinseln, in der frühen Embryogenese. Im Unterschied dazu ist Angiogenese als die Bildung neuer Kapillargefäße aus bereits existierenden Mikrogefäßen definiert. Bei letzterem Prozeß kommt es zum Herauswachsen der Endothelzellen aus den Blutgefäßen in das umgebende Bindegewebe. Angiogenese und Vaskulogenese unterscheiden sich in vielfältiger Hinsicht, wenngleich die Migration und Proliferation von Endothelzellen in beiden Prozessen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Es scheint jedoch festzustehen, daß die Vaskulogenese nur in der Embryonalphase von Bedeutung und bei der Neubildung von Gefäßen im Erwachsenenorganismus nicht beteiligt ist. Bei der Angiogenese handelt es sich um einen morphogenetischen Prozeß, der für die Blutversorgung im Erwachsenengewebe, bei der Gewebeneubildung sowie bei Erkrankungen eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Beispiele für die physiologische Bedeutung der Angiogenese sind die Bildung der Plazenta, Veränderungen des Uterus sowie die Bildung des Corpus luteum; die Angiogenese ist außerdem bei der Wundheilung und dem Knochenwachstum von Bedeutung. Zudem hat die Angiogenese, neben der Vaskulogenese, eine wichtige Funktion bei der Organentwicklung des Embryos. Die Neubildung von Blutgefäßen ist wesentlich an der Pathogenese verschiedener Erkrankungen, wie rheumatischer Arthritis, ischämischer Herzerkrankung sowie ischämischer Erkrankung der Peripherie, der diabetischen Retinopathie, dem Tumorwachstum und der Tumormetastasierung, beteiligt [Folkman 1995 a, Folkman u. Shing 1992, Klagsbrun u. Folkman 1990, Liotta et al. 1991, Montesano 1992, Risau 1990, Weinstat-Saslow u. Steeg 1994]. Bei einigen dieser Erkrankungen kommt der Angiogenese eine wichtige Bedeutung bei der Heilung und Neubildung von Gewebe zu. Bei anderen Erkrankungen trägt die Angiogenese zur Zerstörung des Gewebes und zur Progression der Erkrankung bei.

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Authors
  1. Hermann Haller
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  2. Elke Genersch
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  3. Tomas Lenz
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  4. Friedrich C. Luft
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Haller, H., Genersch, E., Lenz, T., Luft, F.C. (1998). Mechanismen der Angiogenese. In: Ganten, D., Ruckpaul, K. (eds) Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Handbuch der Molekularen Medizin, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80360-4_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80360-4_8

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