Zusammenfassung
Die physikalische Grundlage für die Messung der Geschwindigkeit von strömendem Blut in den Arterien ist der sogenannte Dopplereffekt. Trifft eine Schallwelle auf ein bewegtes Objekt, so wird die Frequenz der reflektierten Schallwelle, also des Echos, proportional zu der Objektgeschwindigkeit in Richtung auf die Schallquelle zu oder von ihr weg verschoben. Bewegt sich das Objekt auf die Schallquelle zu, verlangsamt sich die Frequenz des Echos, bewegt es sich in die entgegengesetzte Richtung, kommt es zu einer Frequenzzunahme. Die Frequenzdifferenz zwischen der emittierten und der reflektierten Schallwelle ist der sogenannte Dopplershift (Δf). Dieser hängt von der Schallgeschwindigkeit c, der Objektgeschwindigkeit v und von der Frequenz f der emittierten Welle ab und kann nach folgender Formel beschrieben werden:
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Diehl, R.R., Berlit, P. (1996). Grundlagen der funktionellen Dopplersonographie. In: Funktionelle Dopplersonographie in der Neurologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80284-3_2
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