Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

bcl-2: Antidote for Cell Death

  • Chapter
Apoptosis

Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((PMSB,volume 16))

Abstract

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene, originally identified through the study of the t(14;18) translocation present in human B-cell follicular lymphomas, is unique among oncogenes in its ability to enhance cell survival by interfering with apoptotic cell death. This finding provided the important notion to the cancer research field that inhibition of cell death might be a critical step in tumorigenesis. This idea was supported by the demonstration that several cancer genes, including oncogenes and anti-oncogenes, have activities to modulate the apoptotic process, bcl-2 exerts a death-sparing activity against apoptosis induced by a wide variety of stimuli and, therefore, appears to function at a critical step in a common process in which several different apoptotic signals converge, although the mechanism of bcl-2 function remains unknown, bcl-2 has recently been recognized as a member of a family through the discovery of many structually related genes, some of which function like bcl-2 while others inhibit the death-sparing function of bcl-2 or other members. Detailed analysis of the bcl-2 family members will provide important clues toward an understanding of the molecular basis of apoptotic cell death. Here, current information on the bcl-2 gene and other members of this family is reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Akao Y, Ohtsuki Y, Kataoka S, Ito Y, Tsujimoto Y (1994) Multiple subcellular localization of bcl-2: detection in nuclear outer membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial inner and outer membranes. Cancer Res 54: 2468–2471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allsopp TE, Wyatt S, Paterson HF, Davies AM (1993) The proto-oncogene bcl-2 can selectively rescue neurotrophic factor-dependent neurons from apoptosis. Cell 73: 295–307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alnemri ES, Robertson NM, Fernandes TF, Croce CM, Litwack G (1992) Overexpressed full-length human bcl-2 extends the survival of baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 7295–7299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baffy G, Miyashita T, Williamson JR, Reed JC (1993) Apoptosis induced by withdrawal of interleukin-3 (IL-3) from an IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cell line is associated with repartitioning of intracellular calcium and is blocked by enforced bcl-2 oncoprotein production. J Biol Chem 268: 6511–6519

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhshi A, Jensen JP, Goldman P, Wright JJ, McBride OW, Epstein AL, Korsmeyer SJ (1985) Cloning the chromosomal breakpoint of t(14; 18) human lymphoma: clustering around JH on chromosome 14 and near a transcriptional unit on 18. Cell 41: 889–906

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bissonnette RP, Echeverri F, Mahboubi A, Green DR (1992) Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2. Nature 359: 552–554

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackman M, Kappler J, Marrack P (1990) The role of the T cell receptor in positive and negative selection of developing T cells. Science 248: 1335–1338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boise LH, Gonzalez-Garcia M, Postema CE, Ding L, Lindsten T, Turka LA, Mao X, Nunez G, Thompson CB (1993) bcl-x, a bcl-2 related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death. Cell 74: 597–608

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borzillo GV, Endo K, Tsujimoto Y (1992) Bcl-2 confers growth and survival advantage to IL-7-dependent early pre-B cells which become factor-independent by a multiple process in culture. Oncogene 7: 869–876

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd JM, Malstrom S, Subramanian T, Venkatesh LK, Schaeper U, Elangovan B, D’Sa-Eipper C, Chinnadurai G (1994) Adenovirus E1B 19kDa and bcl-2 proteins interact with a common set of cellular proteins. Cell 79: 341–351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buttke TM, Sandstrom PA (1994) Oxidative stress as a mediator of apoptosis. Immunol Today 7: 7–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen-Levy Z, Cleary ML (1990) Membrane topology of the bcl-2 proto-oncogene protein demonstrated in vitro. J Biol Chem 265: 4929–4933

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen-Levy Z, Nourse J, Cleary ML (1989) The bcl-2 candidate proto-oncogene product is a 24-kilodalton integral membrane protein highly expressed in lymphoid cell lines and lymphoma carrying the t(14; 18) translocation. Mol Cell Biol 9: 701–710

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chittenden T, Harrington EA, O’Connor R, Flemington C, Lutz RJ, Evan GI, Guild BC (1995) Induction of apoptosis by the bcl-2 homologue bak. Nature 374: 733–736

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cleary ML, Sklar J (1985) Nucleotide sequence of at (14; 8) chromosomal breakpoint in follicular lymphoma and demonstration of a breakpoint cluster region near a transcriptionally active locus on chromosome 18. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 593–597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Croce CM (1987) Role of chromosome translocations in human neoplasia. Cell 49: 155–156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubois-Dauphin M, Frankowski H, Tsujimoto Y, Huarte J, Martinou J-C (1994) Neonatal motoneurons overexpressing the bcl-2 protooncogene in transgenic mice are protected from axotomy-induced cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 3309–3313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eguchi Y, Ewert DL, Tsujimoto Y (1992) Isolation and characterization of the chicken bcl-2 gene: expression in a variety of tissues including lymphoid and neuronal organs in adult and embryo. Nucl Acid Res 20: 4187–4192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanvini A, Harrington EA, Evan GI (1992) Cooperative interaction between c-myc and bcl-2 protooncogenes. Nature 359: 554–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrow SN, White JH, Martinou I, Raven T, Pun K-T, Grinham CJ, Martinou J-C, Brown R (1995) Cloning of a bcl-2 homologue by interaction with adenovirus E1B 19 K. Nature 374: 731–733

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Sarabia MJ, Bischoff JR (1993) bcl-2 associates with the ras-related protein R-ras p23. Nature 366: 274–275

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gagliardini V, Fernandez P-A, Lee RKK, Drexler CA, Rotello RJ, Fishman MC, Yuan J (1994) Prevention of vertebrate neuronal death by the crmA gene. Science 263: 826–828

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia I, Martinou I, Tsujimoto Y, Martinou J-C (1992) Prevention of programmed cell death of sympathetic neurons by the bcl-2 proto-oncogene. Science 258: 302–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Garcia M, Perez-Ballestero R, Ding L, Duan L, Boise LH, Thompson CB, Nunez G (1994) bcl-xL is the major bcl-x mRNA form expressed during murine development and its product localizes to mitochondria. Development 120: 3033–3042

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartley SB, Cooke MP, Fulcher DA, Harris AW, Cory S, Basten A, Goodnow CC (1993) Elimination of self-reactive B lymphocytes proceeds in two stages: arrested development and cell death. Cell 72: 325–335

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson S, Rowe M, Gregory C, Croom-Carter D, Wang F, Iongnecker R, Kieff E, Rickinson D (1991) Induction of bcl-2 expression by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 protects infected B cells from programmed cell death. Cell 65: 1107–1115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hengartner MO, Ellis R, Horvitz R (1992) Caenorhabditid elegans gene ced-9 protects cells from programmed cell death. Nature 356: 494–499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hengartner MO, Hortvitz HR (1994) C. elegans cell survival gene ced-9 encodes a functional homolog of the mammalian proto-oncogene bcl-2. Cell 70: 665–676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hockenbery D, Nunez G, Milliman C, Schreber RD, Korsmeyer SJ (1990) bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death. Nature 348: 334–336

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hockenbery DM, Zutter M, Hickey W, Moon N, Korsmeyer SJ (1991) bcl-2 protein is topographically restricted in tissues characterized by apoptotic cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 6961–6965

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hockenbery DM, Oltvai ZN, Yin X-M, Milliman CL, Korsmeyer SJ (1993) bcl-2 functions in an antioxidant pathway to prevent apoptosis. Cell 75: 241–251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson MD, Burne JF, King MP, Miyashita T, Reed JC, Raff MC (1993) bcl-2 blocks apoptosis in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. Nature 361: 365–369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson MD, Raff MC (1995) Programmed cell death and bcl-2 protection in very low oxygen. Nature 374: 814–816

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamada S, Shimono A, Shinto Y, Tsujimura T, Takahashi T, Noda T, Kitamura Y, Kondoh H, Tsujimoto Y (1995) Bcl-2 deficiency in mice leads to pleiotropic abnormalities: accelerated lymphoid cell death in thymus and spleen, polycystic kidney, hair hypopigmentation and distorted small intestine. Cancer Res 55: 354–359

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kane DJ, Sarafian TA, Anton R, Hahn H, Gralla EB, Valentine JS, Ord T, Bredesen DE (1993) bcl-2 inhibition of neural death: decreased generation of reactive oxygen species. Science 262: 1274–1277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katsumata M, Siegel RM, Louie DC, Miyashita T, Tsujimoto Y, Nowell PC, Green MI, Reed JC (1992) Differential effects of bcl-2 on T and B cells in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 11376–11380

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiefer MC, Brauer MJ, Powers VC, Wu JJ, Umansky SR, Tomei LD, Barr PJ (1995) Modulation of apoptosis by the widely distributed bcl-2 homologue bak. Nature 374: 736–739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozopas KM, Yang T, Buchan HL, Zhou P, Craig RW (1993) Mcl-1, a gene expressed in programmed myeloid cell differentiation, has sequence similarity to bcl-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 3516–3520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krajewski S, Tanaka S, Takayama S, Schibier MJ, Fenton W, Reed JC (1993) Investigation of the subcellular distribution of the bcl-2 oncoprotein: residence in the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and outer mitochondrial membranes. Cancer Res 53: 4701–4714

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lam M, Dubyak G, Chen L, Nunez G, Miesfeld RL, Distelhost CW (1994) Evidence that bcl-2 represses apoptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum-associated Ca2+ fluxes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 6569–6573

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine B, Huang Q, Isaacs JT, Reed JC, Griffin DE, Hardwick JM (1993) Conversion of lytic to persistent alphavirus infection by the bcl-2 cellular oncogene. Nature 361: 739–742

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeBrun DP, Warnke RA, Cleary ML (1993) Expression of bcl-2 in fetal tissues suggests a role in morphogenesis. Am J Pathol 142: 743–753

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin EY, Orlofsky A, Berger MS, Prystowsky MB (1993) Characterization of A1, a novel hemopoietic-specific early-response gene with sequence similarity to bcl-2. J Immunol 151: 1979–1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y-J, Mason DY, Johnson GD, Abbot S, Gregory CD, Hardie DL, Gordon J, MacLennan ICM (1991) Germinal center cells express bcl-2 protein after activation by signals which prevent their entry into apoptosis. Eur J Immunol 21: 1905–1910

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu Q-L, Poulsom R, Wong L, Hanby AM (1993) Bcl-2 expression in adult and embryonic non-haematopoietic tissues. J Pathol 169: 431–437

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour S, Thomas KR, Capecchi MR (1988) Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: a general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes. Nature 336: 348–352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinou J-C, Dubois-Dauohin M, Staple JK, Rodriguez I, Frankowski H, Missotten M, Albertini P, Talabot D, Catsicas S, Pietra C, Huarte J (1994) Overexpression of bcl-2 in transgenic mice protects neurons from naturally occurring cell death and experimental ischemia. Neuron 13: 1017–1030

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell TJ, Deane N, Platt FM, Nunez G, Jaeger U, McKeam JP, Korsmeyer SJ (1989) bcl-2- immunoglobulin transgenic mice demonstrate extended B cell survival and follicular lympho-proliferation. Cell 57: 79–88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell TJ, Korsmeyer SJ (1991) Progression from lympoid hyperplasia to high-grade malignant lymphoma in mice transgenic for the t(14; 18). Nature 349: 254–256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan P, Robertson D, Amos TAS, Dyer MJS, Mason DY, Greaves MF (1992) Ultrastructural localization of bcl-2 protein. J Histochem Cytochem 40: 1819–1825

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama K-I, Nakayama K, Negishi I, Kuida K, Shinkai Y, Louie MC, Fields LE, Lucas PJ, Stewart V, Alt FW, Loh DY (1993) Disappearance of the lymphoid system in bcl-2 homozygous mutant chimeric mice. Science 261: 1584–1587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama K, Nakayama K-I, Negishi I, Kuida K, Sawa H, Loh DY (1994) Targeted disruption of bcl-2αβ in mice: occurrence of gray hair, polycystic kidney disease, and lymphocytopenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 3700–3704

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neilan JG, Lu Z, Afonso CL, Kutish GF, Sussman MD, Rock DL (1993) An African swine fever virus gene with similarity to the protooncogene bcl-2 and the Epstein-Barr virus gene BHRF1. J Virol 67: 4391–4394

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Negrini M, Silini E, Kozak C, Tsujimoto Y, Croce CM (1987) Molecular analysis of mbcl-2: structure and expression of the murine gene homologous to the human gene involved in follicular lymphoma. Cell 49: 455–463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novack DV, Korsemeyer SJ (1994) Bcl-2 protein expression during murine development. Am J Pathol 145: 61–73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nunez G, Seto M, Seremetis S, Ferrero D, Grignani F, Korsmeyer SJ, Dalla-Favera R (1989) Growth- and tumor-promoting effects of deregulated bcl-2 in human B-lymphoblastoid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 4589–1593

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nunez G, London L, Hockenbery D, Alexander M, McKearn JP, Korsmeyer SJ (1990) Deregulated bcl-2 gene expression selectively prolongs survival of growth factor-deprived hematopoietic cell lines. J Immunol 144: 3602–3610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oltvai ZN, Milliman CL, Korsmeyer SJ (1993) bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, bax, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell 74: 609–619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson GR, Luka J, Petti L, Sample M, Birkenback M, Braun D, Kieff E (1987) Identification of an Epstein-Barr virus early gene encoding a second component of the restricted early antigen complex. Virology 160: 151–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pezzella F, Tse AGD, Cordell JL, Pulford KAF, Gatter KC, Mason DY (1990) Expression of the bcl-2 oncogene protein is not specific for the 14;18 chromosomal translocation. Am J Pathol 137: 225–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ray CA, Black RA, Kronheim SR, Greenstreet TA, Sleath PR, Salvesen GS, Pickup DJ (1992) Viral inhibition of inflammation: cowpox virus encodes an inhibitor of the interleukin-1β converting enzyme. Cell 69: 597–604

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed JC, Haidar S, Cuddy MP, Croce CM, Makover D (1989) Deregulated bcl-2 expression enhances growth of a human B cell line. Oncogene 4: 1123–1127

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds JE, Yang T, Qian L, Jenkinson JD, Zhou P, Eastman A, Craig RW (1994) Mcl-1, a member of the bcl-2 family, delays apoptosis by c-myc overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cancer Res 54: 6348–6352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato T, Hanada M, Bodrug S, Irie S, Iwama N, Boise LH, Thompson CB, Golemis E, Fong L, Wang H-G, Reed JC (1994) Interaction among members of the bcl-2 protein family analyzed with a yeast two-hybrid system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 9238–9242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sentman CL, Shutter JR, Hockenbery D, Kanagawa O, Korsmeyer SJ (1991) bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection of thymocytes. Cell 67: 879–888

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seto M, Jaeger U, Hockett RD, Graninger W, Bennett S, Goldman P, Korsmeyer SJ (1988) Alternative promoters and exons, somatic mutations and deregulation of the bcl-2-Ig fusion gene in lymphoma. EMBO J 7: 123–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu S, Eguchi Y, Kosaka H, Kamiike W, Matsuda H, Tsujimoto Y (1995) Prevention of hypoxia-induced cell death by bcl-2 and bcl-xL. Nature 374: 811–813

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strasser A, Harris AW, Bath M, Cory S (1990) Novel primitive lymphoid tumors induced in transgenic mice by cooperation between myc and bcl-2. Nature 348: 331–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strasser A, Harris AW, Cory S (1991a) bcl-2 transgene inhibits T cell death and perturbs thymic selfcensorship. Cell 67: 889–899

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strasser A, Whittingham S, Vaux DL, Bath ML, Adams JM, Cory S, Harris A (1991b) Enforced bcl-2 expression in B-lymphoid cells prolongs antibody responses and elicits autoimmune disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 8661–8665

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strasser A, Harris AW, Vaux DL, Webb E, Bath ML, Elefanty AG, Adams JM, Cory S (1992) The role of bcl-2 in lymphoid differentiation and neoplastic transformation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 182: 299–302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strasser A, Harris AW, Cory S (1993) Eμ-bcl-2 transgene faciliates spontaneous transformation of early pre-B and immunoglobulin-secreting cells but not T cells. Oncogene 8: 1–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takayama S, Sato T, Krajewski S, Kochel K, Irie S, Millan JA, Reed JC (1995) Cloning and functional analysis of bag-1: a novel bcl-2-binding protein with anti-cell death activity. Cell 80: 279–284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsujimoto Y (1989) Overexpression of the human bcl-2 gene product results in growth enhancement of Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 1958–1962

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsujimoto Y, Croce CM (1986) Analysis of the structure, transcripts and protein products of bcl-2, the gene involved in human follicular lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 5214–5218

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsujimoto Y, Cossman J, Jaffe E, Croce CM (1985) Involvement of the bcl-2 gene in human follicular lymphoma. Science 228: 1440–1443

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsujimoto Y, Ikegaki N, Croce CM (1987) Characterization of the protein product of bcl-2, the gene involved in human follicular lymphoma. Oncogene 2: 3–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaux DL, Cory S, Adams JM (1988) bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survial and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells. Nature 335: 440–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaux DL, Weissman IL, Kim SK (1992) Prevention of programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans by human bcl-2. Science 258: 1955–1957

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veis DJ, Sorenson CM, Shutter JR, Korsmeyer SJ (1993) Bcl-2-deficient mice demonstrate fulminant lymphoid apoptosis, polycystic kidneys, and hypopigmented hair. Cell 75: 229–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White E, Sabbatini P, Debba M, Wold WSM, Kusher DI, Gooding LR (1992) The 19-kilodalton adenovirus E1B transforming protein inhibits programmed cell death and prevents cytolysis by tumor necrosis factor a. Mol Cell Biol 12: 2570–2580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang E, Zha J, Jockel J, Boise LH, Thompson CB, Korsmeyer SJ (1995) Bad, a heterodimeric partner for bcl-xL and bcl-2, displaces bax and promotes cell death. Cell 80: 285–291

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan J, Shaham S, Ledoux S, Ellis HM, Horvitz HR (1993) The C. elegans cell death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1/3-converting enzyme. Cell 75: 641–652

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Research Center, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, 565, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Y. Tsujimoto

Authors
  1. Y. Tsujimoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Biophysics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-Chome, Chuoko, Tokyo, Japan

    Y. Kuchino

  2. Abteilung für Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität Mainz, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Duesbergweg 6, 55099, Mainz, Germany

    W. E. G. Müller

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tsujimoto, Y. (1996). bcl-2: Antidote for Cell Death. In: Kuchino, Y., Müller, W.E.G. (eds) Apoptosis. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, vol 16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79850-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79850-4_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79852-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79850-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation