Abstract
Most invertebrates do not seem to be closely related to the vertebrates: In fact, some do not even appear to be animals with their plant-like appearances and sessile lifestyles. Yet, the more we learn about these distantly related ancestors, the more we realize how many vital systems we share. Parallels between mammalian and invertebrate cellular host defenses have been recognized for over a century (Metchnikoff 1968); but it is just in the past few years that molecular homologies have begun to be identified. A thorough understanding of ancient immune systems not only will help us to identify chinks in the armor of invertebrate pests, but will also provide a window to our own innate immune mechanisms.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aggarwal B, Kohr W (1985) Human tumor necrosis factor. Methods Enzymol 116: 448–456
Arai K, Lee F, Miyajima A, Miyatake S, Arai N, Yokota T (1990) Cytokines: coordinators of immune and inflammatory responses. Annu Rev Biochem 59: 783–836
Arend WP, Joslin FG, Thompson RC, Hannum CH (1990) An IL-1 inhibitor from human monocytes. J Immunol 143: 1851–1858
Auron P, Webb A, Rosenwasser L, Mucci S, Rich A, Wolff S, Dinarello C (1984) Nucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin 1 precursor cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 7907–7911
Auron P, Rosenwasser L, Matsushima K, Copeland T, Dinarello C, Oppenheim J, Webb A (1985) Human and murine interleukin 1 possess sequence and structural similarities. J Mol Cell Immunol 2: 169–177
Beck G, Habicht G (1986) Isolation and characterization of a primitive IL-l-like protein from an invertebrate, Asterias forbesi. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 7429–7433
Beck G, Habicht G (1991a) Primitive cytokines: harbingers of vertebrate defense. Immunol Today 12: 180–183
Beck G, Habicht G (1991b) Purification and biochemical charaterization of an invertebrate interleukin 1. Mol Immunol 28: 577–584
Beck G, Habicht G (1994) Invertebrate cytokines. In: Beck G, Cooper EL, Habicht GS, Marchalonis JJ (eds) Primordial immunity: foundations for the vertebrate immune system. The New York Academy of Sciences, New York, pp 206–212
Beck G, Habicht G, Benach J, Miller F (1986) Interleukin 1: a common endogenous mediator of inflammation and the local Shwartzman reaction. J Immunol 136: 3025–3031
Beck G, Vasta G, Marchalonis J J, Habicht GS (1989a) Characterization of interleukin 1 activity in tunicates. Comp Biochem Physiol 92B: 93–98
Beck G, O’Brian R, Habicht G (1989b) Invertebrate cytokines: the phylogenetic emergence on interleukin 1. BioEssays 11: 62–67
Beck G, O’Brian RF, Habicht GS (1990) Characterization of interleukin 1 from invertebrates. In: Marchalonis JJ, Reinisch CL (eds) Defense molecules. Wiley, New York, pp 125–132
Beck G, Habicht GS, Stillman DL, Cooper EL, Raftos DA (1993) Invertebrate cytokines III: interleukin 1-like molecules stimulate phagocytosis by tunicate and echinoderm cells. Cell Immunol 146: 284–299
Binyon J (1972) Physiology of echinoderms. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 24–33
Chain BM, Anderson RS (1983) Inflammation in insectes: the release of a plasmatocyte depletion factor following interaction between bacteria and haemocytes. J Insect Physiol 29: 1–4
Cherbas L (1973) The induction of an injury reaction in cultured haemocytes from saturniid pupae. J Insect Physiol 19: 2011–2023
Chizzonite R, Truitt T, Kilian P, Stern A, Nunes P, Parker K, Kafla K, Chua A, Lugg D, Gubler U (1989) Two high-affinity interleukin 1 receptors represent separate gene products. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 8029–8033
Colotta F, Re F, Muzio M, Bertini R, Polentarutti N, Sironi M, Giri JG, Dower SK, Sims JE, Mantovani A (1993) Interleukin 1-type II receptor: a decoy target for IL-1 that is regulated by IL-4. Science 261: 472–475
Cooper EL (1974) Invertebrate immunology. In: Cooper EL (ed) Contemporary topics in immunobiology, vol 4. Plenum Press, New York, pp 1–32
Cooper E (1976) Comparative immunology. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp 40–59
Cooper E, Roch P, Wright R (1982) Phylogeny of mononuclear cells. In: Mizuno D, Cohn Z, Takeya K, Ishida N (eds) Self-defense mechanisms: role of macrophages. Univ Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp 3–14
Dinarello C (1984) Interleukin 1. Rev Infect Dis 6: 51–95
Dinarello C (1990) Interleukin 1 and its biologically related cytokines. In: Cohen S (ed) Lymphokines and the immune response. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 145–179
Ding AH, Nathan CF, Stuehr DJ (1988) Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of activating cytokines and evidence for independent production. J Immunol 141: 2407–2412
Endean R (1966) The coelomocytes and coelomic fluids. In: Boolootian R (ed) Physiology of echinodermata. Interscience, New York, pp 301–329
Ermak TH (1975) An autoradiographic demonstration of blood cell renewal in Styela clava urochordata ascidiacea. Experientia 31: 837–839
Ermak TH (1982) The renewing cell populations of ascidians. Am Zool 22: 795–805
Fransen L, Muller R, Marmenout A, Tavernier J, van der Heyden J, Kawashima E, Chollet A, Tizard R, van Heuverswyn H, van Vilet A, Ruysschaert M, Fiers W (1985) Molecular cloning of mouse tumor necrosis factor cDNA and its eukaryotic expression. Nucl Acids Res 13: 4417–4429
Fryer SE, Hull CJ, Bayne CJ (1989) Phagocytosis of yeast by Biomphalaria glabrata: carbohydrate specificity of hemocyte receptors and a plasma opsonin. Dev Comp Immunol 13: 9–16
Furutani Y, Notake M, Yamayoshi M, Yamagashi J, Nomura H, Ohue M, Furuta R, Fuzuki T, Yamada M, Nakamura S (1985) Cloning and characteristics of the cDNAs for human and rabbit interleukin la precursor. Nucl Acids Res 13: 5869–5882
Gray P, Aggarwag B, Benton C, Bringman T, Henzel W, Jarrett J, Leung D, Moffat B, Ng P, Svedersky L, Palladino M, Nedwin G (1984) Cloning and expression of cDNA for human lymphotoxin, a lymphokine with tumor necrosis activity. Nature 312: 721–724
Gray P, Glaister D, Chen E, Goeddel D, Pennica D (1986) Two interleukin 1 genes in the mouse: cloning and expression of the cDNA for murine interleukin lb. J Immunol 137: 3644–3648
Habicht GS, Beck G (1987) The role of interleukin 1 in increased vascular permeability in inflammation. In: Mo vat HZ (ed) Leukocyte emigration and its sequelae. Karger, Basel, pp 51–54
Habicht G, Beck G, Benach J, Coleman J, Leichtling K (1985) Lyme disease spirochetes induce human and murine interleukin 1 production. J Immunol 134: 3147–3154
Hamby B, Huggins E, Lachman L, Dinarello C, Sigel M (1986) Fish lymphocytes respond to human IL-1. Lymphokine Res 5: 157–162
Haranaka K, Carswell E, Williamson B, Prendergast J, Satomi N, Old L (1986) Purification, characterization, and antitumor activity of nonrecombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 3949–3953
Hirano T, Kishimoto T (1989) Interleukin 6. In: Zembala M, Asherson G (eds) Human monocytes. Academic Press, London, pp 217–226
Holers VM, Ruff TG, Parks DL, McDonald JA, Bakllard L, Brown EL (1989) Molecular cloning of a murine fibronectin receptor and its expression during inflammation. Expression of VLA-5 is increased in activated peritoneal macrophages in a manner discordant from major histocompatibility complex class II. J Exp Med 169: 1589–1605
Hopp T, Dower S, March C (1986) The molecular forms of interleukin 1. Immunol Res 5: 271–280
Hughes TK, Smith EM, Chin R, Cadet P, Sinisterra J, Leung MK, Shipp MA, Scharrer B, Stefano GB (1990) Immunoactive monokines (interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor) in the bivalve mollusc Mytilus edulus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 4426–4429
Ito H, Yamamoto S, Kurado S, Sakamoto H, Kajihara J, Kiyota T, Hayashi H, Kato M, Seko M (1986a) Molecular cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the cDNA coding for rabbit tumor necrosis factor. DNA 5: 149–156
Ito H, Shirai T, Yamamoto S, Akira M, Kawahara S, Todd C, Wallace R (1986b) Molecular cloning of the gene encoding rabbit tumor necrosis factor. DNA 5: 157–165
Kelley M, Rosemiller M, Daulerio A, Newton R (1984) Development of an antibody specific for human interleukin 1. Lymphokine Res 3: 251
Kishimoto T (1989) The biology of interleukin 6. Blood 74: 1–10
Klurtinger J, Kelly NM, Hancock RW (1989) Stimulation by fibronectin of macrophage mediated phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun 57: 817–822
Kushner I (1982) The phenomenon of the acute phase response. Ann NY Acad Sci 389: 39–48
Le J, Vilcek J (1989) Interleukin 6: a multifunctional cytokine regulating immune reactions and the acute phase protein response. Lab Invest 61: 588–602
LeClerc M, Brillouet C, Luquet G, Agogue P, Binaghi RA (1981) Properties of cell subpopula- tions of starfish axial organ: in vitro effect of pokeweed mitogen and evidence of lymphokine- like substances. Scan J Immunol 14: 281–284
Lima MF, Kierszenbaum F (1985) Lactoferrin effects on phagocytic cell function. I. Increased uptake and killing of an intracellular parasite by murine macrophages and human monocytes. J Immunol 134: 4176–4138
Lomedico P, Gubler U, Hellman C, Dukovich M, Giri J, Pan Y, Collier K, Seminow R, Chun A, Mizel S (1984) Cloning and expression of murine interleukin 1 cDNA in Escherichia coli. Nature 312: 458–462
Maliszewki C, Baker P, Schoenborn M, Davis B, Cosman D, Gillis S, Cerretti D (1988) Cloning, sequence and expression of bovine interleukin la and interleukin 1b complementary DNAs. Mol Immunol 25: 429–437
March C, Mosley B, Larsen A, Cerretti D, Braedt G, Price V, Gillis S, Henney C, Kronheim S, Grabstein K, Colon P, Hopp T, Cosman D (1985) Cloning, sequence, and expression of two distinct human interleukin 1 complementary DNAs. Nature 315: 641–652
Marchalonis J J, Schluter SF (1990) On the relevance of invertebrate recognition and defense mechanisms to the emergence of the immune response of vertebrates. Scand J Immunol 32: 13–20
Metchnikoff E (1968) Lectures on the comparative pathology of inflammation. Dover, New York (English transl from French 1893 )
Mizel S (1982) Interleukin 1 and T cell activation. Immunol Rev 63: 51–72
Mohrig W, Schittek D (1979) Phagocytosis—stimulating mediators in insects. Acta Biol Med Germ 38: 953–958
Morrone G, Ciliberto G, Oliviero S, Arcone R, Dente L, Content J, Cortese R (1988) Recombinant interleukin 6 regulates the transcriptional activation of human acute phase genes. J Biol Chem 263: 12554–12558
Nathan C (1987) Secretory products of macrophages. J Clin Invest 79: 319–326
Oppenheim J, Kovaks E, Matsushima K, Durum S (1986) There is more than one interleukin 1. Immunol Today 7: 45–56
Ortenzi C, Miceli C, Bradshaw RA, Luporini P (1990) Identification and initial characterization of an autocrine pheromone receptor in the protozoan ciliate Euplotes raikovi. J Cell Biol 111: 607–614
Pearsall NN, Weiser RS (1970) The macrophage. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia
Pennica D, Nedwin G, Hayflick J, Seeburg P, Derynck R, Palladino M, Kohr W, Aggarwal B, Goeddel D (1984) Human tumor necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin. Nature 312: 724–729
Philip R, Epstein L (1986) Tumor necrosis factor as immunomodulator and mediator of monocyte cytotoxicity induces by itself, gamma-interferon and interleukin 1. Nature 323: 86–89
Prendergast R, Suzuki M (1970) Invertebrate protein simulating mediators of delayed hypersensitivity. Nature 227: 277–279
Prendergast RA, Lutty GA, Scott AL (1983) Directed inflammation: the phylogeny of lymphokines. Dev Comp Immunol 7: 629–632
Raftos DA, Stillman DL, Cooper EL (1990) In vitro culture of tissue from the tunicate Styela clava. In Vitro 26: 962–970
Raftos DA, Cooper EL, Habicht GS, Beck G (1991) Invertebrate cytokines: tunicate cell proliferation stimulated by an interleukin 1-like molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 9518–9522
Ratcliffe NA (1989) The biological significance of immunity. Dev Comp Immunol 13: 273–283
Ratner S, Vinson SB (1983) Phagocytosis and encapsulation: cellular immune responses in arthropoda. Am Zool 23: 185–194
Reichhart JM, Meister M, Dimarcq JL, Zachary D, Hoffmann D, Ruiz C, Richards G, Hoffmann JA (1992) Insect immunity: developmental and inducible activity of the Drosophila diptericin promotor. EMBO J 11: 1469–77
Reinisch CL, Litman GW (1989) Evolutionary immunobiology. Immunol Today 10: 278–281
Schneider DS, Hudson KL, Lin TY, Anderson KV (1991) Dominant and recessive mutations define functional domains of Toll, a transmembrane protein required for the dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Genes Dev 5: 797–807
Sigel M, Lichter W, McCumber L, Ghaffar A, Wellham L, Hightower J (1984) A substance from the marine tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata with selective action on macrophages. In: Volkman A (ed) Mononuclear phagocyte biology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 451–471
Smith R, Baglioni C (1987) The active form of tumor necrosis factor is a trimer. J Biol Chem, 262: 6951–6954
Sun S, Lindström I, Boman H, Faye I, Schmidt O (1990) Hemolin: an insect-immune protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Science 250: 1729–1732
Suzuki T, Mori K (1990) Hemolymph lectin of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii: a possible non-self recognition system. Dev Comp Immunol 14: 161–173
Tasch P (1973) Paleobiology of the invertebrates: data retrieval from the fossil record. Wiley, New York
Vassalli P (1992) The pathophysiology of tumor necrosis factor. Annu Rev Immunol 10: 411–452
Vasta G, Warr G, Marchalonis J (1982) Tunicate lectins: distribution and specificity. Comp Biochem Physiol 37B: 887–900
Watkins D, Cohen N (1987) Mitogen-activated Xenopus leavis lymphocytes produce a T-cell growth factor. Immunology 62: 119–125
Wong G, Clark S (1988) Multiple actions of interleukin 6 within a cytokine network. Immunol Today 9: 137–139
Yamasaki K, Taga T, Hirata Y, Yawata H, Kawanishi Y, Seed B, Taniguchi T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T (1988) Cloning and expression of the human interleukin 6 (BSF-2/IFN-beta2) receptor. Science 241: 825–828
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Habicht, G.S., Beck, G. (1996). Evidence for Invertebrate Inflammatory Cytokines. In: Cooper, E.L. (eds) Invertebrate Immune Responses. Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, vol 24. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79847-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79847-4_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79849-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79847-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive