Zusammenfassung
Die normale Zelle unterliegt in ihrem biologischen Verhalten der Kontrolle extrazellulärer Signale. Die Einsicht in die Prinzipien der Signalerkennung und Verarbeitung, in die Regeln der interzellulären Kommunikation und des intrazellulären Zusammenspiels von Proteinen mit Proteinen und DNS wird zusehends erweitert und vertieft. In Einzelfällen ist es möglich, die Schritte der Signaltransduktion. von der Ligandbindung über die Rezeptoraktivierung und Aufschlüsselung der an der Signalübertragung teilhabendenen Moleküle bis hin zur Aktivierung distinkter genetischer Programme im Kern zu verfolgen. Errungen wurde dieser Kenntnisgewinn durch detaillierte biochemische und molekularbiologische Untersuchungen intrazellulärer Vorgänge und nicht zuletzt mit der durch Kristallographie und NMR-Technologie ermöglichten Aufklärung der dreidimensionalen Struktur von Molekülen und ihren Interaktionen. Entscheidende Hinweise für die Aufdeckung von Protein-Funktionen und Protein-Interaktionen kamen zudem aus der molekularbiologischen und biochemischen Charakterisierung genetischer Veränderungen, die Tumorentstehung und Tumorprogression begleiten. Dies hat es erlaubt, nicht nur eine größere Anzahl von (Krebs)genen zu identifizieren, ihre genetische Information zu entschlüsseln und die biologische Funktion ihrer Proteine zu charakterisieren, sondern hat auch unser Verständnis physiologischer Regulationsmechanismen grundlegend erweitert. Die Kenntnis der molekularen Zusammenhänge von Krebsentstehung und Krebsprogression ist eine solide Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuer therapeutischer Interventionsmöglichkeiten, die neben gentherapeutischen Ansätzen auch die Entwicklung neuartiger Wirksubstanzen umfassen.
Summary
Normal cellular behavior is controlled by extracellular signals. Much insights into the mechanisms of ligand binding and signal transduction has been gained in recent years. We beginn to understand intercellular communication and to dissect intracellular protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Signals reaching the cell surface are being traced into the nucleus where they activate transcription factors and thereby promote the induction of a specific gene programm. Both biochemical and molecular studies as well as NMR- or christallography-based structural analysis of molecules and their interactions have contributed to the accumulation of the current knowledge. Moreover, molecular and biochemical characterization of genetic alterations known to be involved in the initiation or progression of malignancies have provided substantial clues to our understanding of protein function and protein interaction. This did not only led to the identification and functional characterization of novel oncogenes but also elucidated the principles governing normal cell behavior. Increasing the insight into the molecular genesis of cancer should provide a good basis for elaborating new therapeutic concepts such as both gene therapy and the development of novel compounds to specifically target the tumor cell.
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Brach, M.A., Sott, C., Kiehntopf, M., Herrmann, F. (1995). Molekulargenetische Grundlagen in der Tumortherapie. In: Beger, H.G., Manns, M.P., Greten, H. (eds) Molekularbiologische Grundlagen der Gastroenterologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79782-8_35
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79782-8_35
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