Skip to main content

A Review of Current Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Absorption of Intact Proteins Including Medicinal Preparations of Proteolytic Enzymes

  • Conference paper

Abstract

The scientific rationale for the use of oral preparations of enzymes, such as Phlogenzyme (containing trypsin and bromelain), Mulsal-N (containing trypsin, bromelain, and papain), and Wobenzyme (containing trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, and bromelain), for treatment of extra-gastrointestinal diseases in Man hinges critically upon the question of whether the enzymes (or a therapeutically significant amount of them) can be absorbed across the gastrointestinal tract in intact form. This is an area, formerly regarded as distinctly controversial, where opinion among gastrointestinal physiologists has changed markedly in the past two decades, and which is currently attracting renewed research activity on mechanisms of absorption. It is now accepted beyond reasonable doubt that significant (albeit small) amounts of many macromolecules can be absorbed in intact and biologically active form.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Amoss M, Rivier J, Guillemin R (1972) Release of gonadotropins by oral administration of synthetic LRF or a tripeptide fragment of LRF. Clin Endocrinol Metab 35: 175–177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bockman DE, Winborn WB (1966) Light and electron microscopy of intestinal ferritin absorption. Observations in sensitized and non-sensitized hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Anat Rec 155:603–622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Cornell R, Walker WA (1971) Small intestinal absorption of horseradish peroxidase. A cytoche-mical study. Lab Invest 25:42–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Fisher RB (1954) Protein metabolism. Methuen, London

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gardner MLG (1984) Intestinal assimilation of intact peptides and proteins-a neglected field? Biol Rev 59:289–331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gardner MLG (1988) Gastrointestinal absorption of intact proteins. Annu Rev Nutr 8:329–350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gardner MLG (1994) Absorption of intact proteins and peptides. In: Johnson, LR (ed) The physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, 3rd ed. Raven, New York, chap 53, pp 1795–1820

    Google Scholar 

  8. Georgeopoulou U, Dabrowski K, Sire MF, Vernier JM (1988) Absorption of intact proteins by the intestinal epithelium of trout, Salmo gairderi. A luminescence enzyme immunoassay and cyto-chemical study. Cell Tissue Res 251:145–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Heyman M. Boudraa G. Sarrut S, Giraud M, Evans L, Touhami M, Desjeux JF (1984) Macromo-lecular transport in jejunal mucosa of children with severe malnutrition: a quantitative study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 3:357–363

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Heyman M, Desjeux JF (1992) Significance of intestinal food protein transport. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 15:48–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Husby S, Jensenius SC, Svehag SE (1986) Passage of undegraded dietary antigen into the blood of healthy adults. Further characterisation of the kinetics of uptake and the size distribution of the antigen. Scand J Immunol 24:447–455.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jakobsson I, Lindberg T, Lothe L, Axelson I, Benediktsson B (1986) Human p-lactoglobulin as a marker of macromolecular absorption. Gut 27:1029–1034

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lee VHL, Dodda-Kashi S, Grass GM, Rubas W (1991) Oral route of peptide and protein drug delivery. In: Lee, VHL (ed) Peptide and protein drug elivery. Dekker, New York, pp 691–738

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lundin S, Vilhardt, H (1986a) Absorption of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin from different regions of the gastrointestinal tract in rabbits. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 112:457–460

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lundin S, Vilhardt H (1986b) Absorption of intragastrically administered DD A VP in conscious dogs. Life Sci 38:703–709.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Matthews DM (1991) Protein absorption: development and present state of the subject. Wiley-Liss, New York

    Google Scholar 

  17. May AJ, Whaler BC (1958) The absorption of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin from alimentary canal. Br J Exp Pathol 39:307–316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Nishi N, Arimura A, Coy DH, Vilchez-Martinez JA, Schally AV (1975) The effect of oral and vaginal administration of synthetic LHRH and [D-Ala6, DES Gly10-NH2]-LH-RH ethylamide on seruHlevels inovariectomised, steroidblockedrats. Proc Sox ioed 148:1009–1012

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ormiston RJ (1972) Clinical effects of TRH on TSH after i. v. and oral administration in normal volunteers and patients with thyroid disease. In: Hall H, Werner I, Holgate H (eds) Thyrotropin releasing hormone. Karger, Basel, pp 45–52

    Google Scholar 

  20. Owen RL (1977) Sequential uptake of horseradish peroxidase by lymphoid follicle epithelium of Peyer’s patches in the normal unobstructed mouse intestine: an ultrastructural study. Gastroenterology 72:440–451.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Owen RL, Jones AL (1974) Epithelial cell specialization within human Peyer’s patches: an ultrastructural study of intestinal lymphoid follicles. Gastroenterology 66:189–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Paganelli R, Levinsky RJ (1980) Solid phase radioimmunoassay for detection of circulating food protein antigen in human serum. J Immunol Methods 37:333–341

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sanderson IR, Walker WA (1993) Uptake and transport of macromolecules by the intestine: possible role in clinical disorders (an update). Gastroenterology 104:622–639

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sanford, PA (1992) Digestive system physiology, 2nd ed. Arnold, London

    Google Scholar 

  25. Seifert, J, Ganser, R, Brendel, W (1979) Die Resorption eines proteolytischen Enzyms pflanzlichen Ursprunges aus dem Magen-Darm-Trakt in das Blut und in die Lymphe von erwachsenen Ratten. Z Gastroenterol 17:1–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Seifert J, Sass W, Dreyer HP (1984) Mucosal permeation of macromolecules and particles. In: Skadhauge E, Heintze K (eds) Intestinal absorption and secretion. MTP, Lancaster, pp 505–513

    Google Scholar 

  27. Vilhardt H, Lundin S (1986a) In vitro intestinal transport of vasopressin and its analogues. Acta Physiol Scand 126:601–607

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Vilhardt H, Lundin S (1986b) Biological effect and plasma concentrations of DDAVP after intranasal and peroral administration to humans. Gen Pharmacol 17:481–483

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Walker WA (1979) Gastrointestinal host defence: importance of gut closure in control of macromolecular transport. In: Elliott K, Whelan J (eds) Development of mammalian absorptive processes (Ciba Foundation symposium no. 70, new series). Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 201–219

    Google Scholar 

  30. Walker WA (1981) Intestinal transport of macromolecules. In: Johnson LR (ed) The physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, 1st ed. Raven, New York, pp 1271–1289

    Google Scholar 

  31. Walker WA, Isselbacher KJ (1974) Uptake and transport of macromolecules by the intestine. Possible role in clinical disorders. Gastroenterology 67:531–550.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Weiner, ML (1988) Intestinal transport of some macromolecules in food. Food Chem Toxicol 26:867–880.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Williams TDM, Dunger DB, Lyon CC, Lewis RJ, Taylor F, Lightman SL (1986) Antidiuretic effect and pharmacokinetics of oral l-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin. 1. Studies in adults and children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 63: 129–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wolf JL, Rubin DH, Finberg R, Kauffman RS, Sharpe AH, Trier JS, Fields BN (1981) Intestinal M cells: a pathway for entry of reovirus into the host. Science 212:471–472

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Gardner, M.L.G. (1995). A Review of Current Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Absorption of Intact Proteins Including Medicinal Preparations of Proteolytic Enzymes. In: Absorption of Orally Administered Enzymes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79511-4_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79511-4_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79513-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79511-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics