Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An evaluation of receptor-mediated gene transfer using synthetic DNA-ligand complexes

  • Chapter
Book cover EJB Reviews 1994

Part of the book series: EJB Reviews 1994 ((EJB REVIEWS,volume 1994))

  • 113 Accesses

Abstract

Receptor-mediated gene transfer is an attractive method for therapeutically correcting human genetic diseases since it permits the targeting of DNA to cellular receptors in specific tissues of adult animals. Genes introduced by this technique have been shown to be expressed in the target tissue for varying periods. However, to be useful for gene therapy, it is critical that both the chemical properties and physical interactions of the reagents involved in the design of the DNA delivery vehicle be rigorously characterized. In this review, we discuss the critical steps in the preparation of the DNA-ligand complex and the factors involved in the delivery and regulated expression of a transgene in animal tissues. The feasibility of using this technique for the therapeutic delivery of genes to mammalian tissues will also be evaluated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Abbreviations

PPyrCK:

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

EM:

electron microscopy

SV-40:

simian virus 40

hFIX:

human factor IX

CAT:

chloramphenicol acetyltransferase

LDL:

low-density lipoprotein

NLS:

nuclear localization signal

HIV-1:

human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

References

  1. Roemer, K. & Friedmann, T. (1992) Concepts and strategies for human gene therapy, Eur. J. Biochem. 208, 211–225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Chowdhury, J. R., Grossman, M., Gupta, S., Chowdhury, N. R., Baker, J. R., Jr. & Wilson, J. M. (1991) Long-term improvement of hypercholesterolemia after ex vivo gene therapy in LDLR-deficient rabbits, Science 254, 1802–1805.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hatzoglou, M., Lamers, W., Bosch, F., Wynshaw-Boris, A., Clapp, D. W. & Hanson, R. W. (1990) Hepatic gene transfer in animals using retroviruses containing the promoter from the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 17285–17293.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hoogerbrugge, R M., Vossen, J. M., von Beusechem, V. M. & Valerio, D. (1992) Treatment of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency by autologous transplantation of genetically modified bone marrow cells, Hum. Gene Ther. 3, 553–558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ishihara, H., Hayashi, Y., Hara, T., Aramaki, Y., Tsuchiya, S. & Koike, K. (1991) Specific uptake of asialofetuin-tacked liposomes encapsulating interferon-gamma by human hepatoma cells and its inhibitory effect on hepatitis B virus replication, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 174, 839–845.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dragsten, R R., Mitchell, D. B., Covert, G. & Baker, T. (1987) Drug delivery using vesicles targeted to the hepatic asialogly- coprotein receptor, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 926, 270–279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gregoriadis, G. & Senior, J. (1984) Targeting of small unilamellar liposomes to the galactose receptor in vivo, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 12, 337–339.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cheng, S., Merlino, G. T. & Pastan, I. H. (1983) A versatile method for the coupling of protein to DNA: synthesis of a 2- macroglobulin-DNA conjugates, Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 659–669.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chu, B. C., Wahl, G. M. & Orgel, L. E. (1983) Derivatization of unprotected polynucleotides, Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 6513–6529.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Huckett, B., Gordhan, H., Hawtrey, R., Moodley, N., Ariatti, M. & Hawtrey, A. (1986) Binding of DNA to albumin and transferrin modified by treatment with water-soluble carbodiimides, Biochem. Pharmacol. 35, 1249–1257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Wu, G. Y. & Wu, C. H. (1987) Receptor-mediated in vitro gene transformation by a soluble DNA carrier system, J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4429–4432.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wu, G. Y. & Wu, C. H. (1988) Receptor-mediated gene delivery and expression in vivo, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 14621–14624.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wu, C. H., Wilson, J. M. & Wu, G. Y. (1989) Targeting genes: delivery and persistent expression of a foreign gene driven by mammalian regulatory elements in vivo, J. Biol. Chem. 264, 16985–16987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wilson, J. M., Grossman, M., Wu, C. H., Chowdhury, N. R., Wu, G. Y. & Chowdhury, J. R. (1992) Hepatocyte-directed gene transfer in vivo leads to transient improvement of hypercholesterolemia in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient rabbits, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 963–967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wu, G. Y., Wilson, J. M., Shalaby, F., Grossman, M., Shafritz, C. A. & Wu, C. H. (1991) Receptor-mediated gene delivery in vivo. Partial correction, of genetic analbuminemia in Nagase rats, J. Biol. Chem. 266, 14338–14342.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Huckett, B., Ariatti, M. & Hawtrey, A. O. (1990) Evidence for targeted gene transfer by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Stable expression following insulin-directed entry of NEO into HepG2 cells, Biochem. Pharmacol. 40, 253–263.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wagner, E., Cotten, M., Foisner, R. & Bimstiel, M. L. (1991) Transferrin-polycation-DNA complexes: the effect of polycations on the stmcture of the complex and DNA delivery to cells, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 4255–4259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Curiel, D. T., Agarwal, S., Römer, M. U., Wagner, E., Cotten, M., Bimstiel, M. L. & Boucher, R. C. (1992) Gene transfer to respiratory epithelial cells via the receptor-mediated endo-cytosis pathway, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 6, 247–252.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Plank, C., Zatloukal, K., Cotten, M., Mechtler, K. & Wagner, D. (1992) Gene transfer into hepatocytes using asialoglyco- protein receptor mediated endocytosis of DNA complexed with an artificial tetra-antennary galactose ligand, Bioconjug. Chem. 3, 533–539.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ferkol, T., Lindberg, G. L., Chen, J., Perales, J. C., Crawford, D. R., Ratnoff, O. D. & Hanson, R. W. (1993) Regulation of the phosphoenolpymvate carboxykinase/human factor IX gene introduced into the livers of adult rats by receptor-mediated gene transfer, FASEB J. 7, 1081–1091.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gao, L., Wagner, E., Cotten, M., Agarwal, S., Harris, C., Römer, M., Miller, L., Hu, P. C. & Curiel, D. (1993) Direct in vivo gene transfer to airway epithelium employing adenovirus- polylysine-DNA complexes, Hum. Gene Ther. 4, 17–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Perales, J. C., Ferkol, T., Beegen, H., Ratnoff, O. D. & Hanson, R. W. (1994) Gene transfer in vivo: sustained expression and regulation of genes introduced into the liver by receptor- targeted uptake, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 4086–4090.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Olins, D. E., Olins, A. L. & von Hippel, P. H. (1967) Model nucleoprotein complexes: studies on the interaction of cationic homopolypeptides with DNA, J. Mol. Biol. 24, 157–176.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Cotten, M., Laengle-Rouault, F., Kirlappos, H., Wagner, E., Mechtler, K., Zenke, M., Beug, H. & Bimstiel, M. L. (1990) Transferrin-polycation mediated introduction of DNA into human leukemic cells: stimulation by agents that affect survival of transfected DNA or modulate transferrin receptor levels, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 4033–4037.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Shapiro, J. T., Leng, M. & Felsenfeld, G. (1969) Deoxyribo nucleic acid-poly lysine complexes. Stmcture and nucleotide specificity, Biochemistry 8, 3219–3232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Haynes, M., Garrett, R. A. & Gratzer, W. B. (1970) Stmcture of nucleic acid-polybase complexes, Biochemistry 9, 4410–4416.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gosule, L. C. & Schellman, J. A. (1976) Compact form of DNA induced by spermidine, Nature 259, 333–335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gosule, L. C. & Schellman, J. A. (1978) DNA condensation with polyamines I. Spectroscopic studies, J. Mol. Biol. 121, 311–326.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Chattoraj, D. K., Gosule, L. C. & Schellman, J. A. (1978) DNA condensation with poly amines. II. Electron microscopic studies, J. Mol. Biol. 121, 327–337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Weiskopf, J. & Li, H. J. (1977) Poly(L-lysine)-DNA interactions in NaCl solutions: B to C and B to Y transitions, Biopolymers 16, 669–684.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Chang, C., Weiskopf, J. & Li, H. J. (1973) Conformational studies of nucleoprotein. Circular dichroism of deoxyribonucleic acid base pairs bound by polylysine, Biochemistry 12, 3028–3032.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Li, H. J., Chang, C. & Weiskopf, J. (1973) Helix-coil transition in nucleoprotein-chromatin stmcture, Biochemistry 12,1763–1772.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Post, C. B. & Zimm, B. H. (1982) Theory of DNA condensation: collapse versus aggregation, Biopolymers 21, 21232137.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Schwartz, A. L., Ciechanover, A., Merritt, S. & Turkewitz, A. (1986) Antibody-induced receptor loss. Different fates for asialoglycoproteins and the asialoglycoprotein receptor in HepG2 cells, J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15225–15232.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ashwell, G. & Harford, J. (1982) Carbohydrate-specific receptors of the liver, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 51, 531–554.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Townsend, R. R., Hardy, M. R., Wong, T. C. & Lee, Y. C. (1986) Binding of N-linked bovine fetuin glycopeptides to isolated rabbit hepatocytes: Gal/GalNAc hepatic lectin discrimination between Gal /?(l,4)GlcNAc and Gal /?(l,3)GlcNAc in a triantennary stmcture, Biochemistry 25, 5716–5725.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Rice, K. G. & Lee, Y. C. (1990) Modification of triantennary glycopeptide into probes for the asialoglycoprotein receptor of hepatocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 18423–18428.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gore, S., Morris, A. I., Gilmore, I. T. & Billington, D. (1990) Uptake and intracellular processing of galactosyl-neoglycoal- bumin by the isolated perfused rat liver, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 16, 291–292.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Gore, S., Morris, A. I., Gilmore, I. T. & Billington, D. (1990) Kinetics of galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin uptake after continuous infusion into the isolated perfused rat liver, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 18, 292–293.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Bijsterbosch, M. K. & van Berkel, T. J. (1990) Uptake of lactosylated low-density lipoprotein by galactose-specific receptors in rat liver, Biochem. J. 270, 233–239.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Regoeczi, E., Debanne, M. T., Hatton, M. C. & Koj, A. (1978) Elimination of asialofetuin and asialoorosomucoid by the intact rat. Quantitative aspects of the hepatic clearance mechanism, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 541, 372–384.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Schlepper-Schäfer, J., Hulsmann, D., Djovkar, A., Meyer, H. E., Herbertz, L., Kolb, H. & Kolb-Bachofen, V. (1986) Endocytosis via galactose receptors in vivo. Ligand size directs uptake by hepatocytes and/or liver macrophages, Exp. Cell Res. 165, 494–506.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Bijsterbosch, M. K., Ziere, G. J. & van Berkel, T. J. (1989) Lactosylated low density lipoprotein: a potential carrier for the site-specific delivery of drugs to Kupffer cells, Mol. Pharmacol. 36, 484–489.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Bijsterbosch, M. K. & van Berkel, T. J. (1992) Lactosylated high density lipoprotein: a potential carrier for the site-specific delivery of drugs to parenchymal liver cells, Mol. Pharmacol. 41, 404–411.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Bijsterbosch, M. K., Bakkeren, H. F., Kempen, H. J., Roelen, H. C., van Boom, J. H. & van Berkel, T. J. (1992) A monogalactosylated cholesterol derivative that specifically induces uptake of LDL by the liver, Arterioscler. Thromb. 12, 1153–1160.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. van der Sluijs, P., Bootsma, H. P., Postema, B., Moolenaar, F. & Meijer, D. K. (1986) Dmg targeting to the liver with lactosylated albumins: does the glycoprotein target the dmg or is the dmg targeting the glycoprotein? Hepatology 6, 723–728.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Taylor, M. E., Conary, J. T., Lennartz, M. R., Stahl, P. D. & Drickamer, K. (1990) Primary stmcture of the mannose receptor contains multiple motifs resembling carbohydrate-recognition domains, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 12156–12162.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hoppe, C. A. & Lee, Y. C. (1982) Stimulation of mannose-binding activity in the rabbit alveolar macrophage by simple sugars, J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12831–12834.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Yamaguchi, Y., Dalle Molle, E. & Hardison, W. G. (1993) Hepatocyte horseradish peroxidase uptake is saturable and inhibited by mannose-terminal glycoproteins, Am. J. Physiol. 264, G880–G885.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kindberg, G. M., Magnusson, S., Berg, T. & Smedsrod, B. (1990) Receptor-mediated endocytosis of ovalbumin by two carbohydrate-specific receptors in rat liver cells. The intracellular transport of ovalbumin to lysosomes is faster in liver endothelial cells than in parenchymal cells, Biochem. J. 270, 197–203.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kouyoumdjian, M., Borges, D. R., Prado, E. S. & Prado, J. L. (1989) Identification of receptors in the liver that mediate endocytosis of circulating tissue kallikreins, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 980, 299–304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Abdullah, M. & Kierszenbaum, A. L. (1989) Identification of rat testis galactosyl receptor using antibodies to liver asialoglycoprotein receptor: purification and localization on surfaces of spermatogenic cells and sperm, J. Cell Biol. 108, 367–375.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Abdullah, M., Widgren, E. E. & O’Rand, M. G. (1991) A mam malian sperm lectin related to rat hepatocyte lectin-2/3. Purification from rabbit testis and identification as a zona binding protein, Mol. Cell Biochem. 103, 155–161.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Haensler, J. & Szoka, F. C. J. (1993) Synthesis and characterization of a trigalactosylated bisacridine compound to target DNA to hepatocytes, Bioconjug. Chem. 4, 85–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Vengerov, Y. Y. & Semenov, T. E. (1992) Electron microscopy of DNA complexes with synthetic oligopeptides, Electron Micro sc. Rev. 5, 193–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Marquet, R. & Houssier, C. (1991) Thermodynamics of cation-induced DNA condensation, J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 9, 159–167.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Ong, E. C., Snell, C. & Fasman, G. D. (1976) Chromatin models. The ionic strength dependence of model histone-DNA interactions: circular dichroism studies of lysine-leucine polypeptide-DNA complexes, Biochemistry 15, 468–476.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Van Vunakis, H., Kaplan, J., Lehrer, H. & Levine, L. (1966) Immunogenicity of polylysine and polyomithine when complexed to phosphorylated bovine serum albumin, Immunochemistry 3, 393–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Gill, T. J., Papermaster, D. S., Kunz, H. W. & Marfey, P. S. (1968) Studies on synthetic polypeptide antigens. XIX. Immunogenicity and antigenic site structure of intramolecularly cross-linked polypeptides, J. Biol. Chem. 243, 287–300.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Otz, U., Schneider, C. H., de Weck, A. L., Gruden, E. & Gill, T. J. (1978) Induction of immunological tolerance to the penicilloyl antigenic determinant. I. Evaluation of penicilloylated amino acid polymers and copolymers in mice, Eur. J. Immunol. 8, 406–410.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Leng, M. & Felsenfeld, G. (1966) The preferential interactions of polylysine and polyarginine with specific base sequences in DNA, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 56, 1325–1332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Reich, Z., Ghirlando, R. & Minsky, A. (1992) Nucleic acids packaging processes: effects of adenine tracts and sequence- dependent curvature, J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 9, 1097–1109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Bloomfield, V. A., He, S., Li, A. Z. & Arscott, P. B. (1991) Light scattering studies on DNA condensation, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 19, 496

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Marquet, R., Wyart, A. & Houssier, C. (1987) Influence of DNA length on spermine-induced condensation. Importance of the bending and stiffening of DNA, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 909, 165–172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Eickbush, T. H. & Moudrianakis, E. N. (1978) The compaction of DNA helices into either continuous supercoils or folded- fiber rods and toroids, Cell 13, 295–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Lang, D. (1973) Regular superstructures of purified DNA in ethanolic solutions, J. Mol. Biol. 78, 247–254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Gref, R., Minamitake, Y., Peraschia, M. T., Trubetskoy, V., Torchilin, V. & Langer, R. (1994) Biodegradable long-circulating polymeric nanospheres, Science 263, 1600–1603.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Geuze, H. J., Slot, J. W., Strous, G. J., Lodish, H. F. & Schwartz, A. L. (1982) Immunocytochemical localization of the receptor for asialoglycoprotein in rat liver cells, J. Cell Biol. 92, 865–870.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Laemmli, U. K. (1975) Characterization of DNA condensates induced by poly(ethylene oxide) and polylysine, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 72, 4288–4292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Marx, K. A. & Reynolds, T. C. (1982) Spermidine-condensed 0–X174 DNA cleavage by micrococcal nuclease: torus cleav age model and evidence for unidirectional circumferential DNA wrapping, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 79, 6484–6488.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Baeza, I., Gariglio, P., Rangel, L. M., Chavez, P., Cervantes, L., Arguello, C., Wong, C. & Montanez, C. (1987) Electron microscopy and biochemical properties of polyamine-compacted DNA, Biochemistry 26, 6387–6392.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Curiel, D. T. & Cotten, M. (1991) Adenovirus enhancement of transferrin-polylysine-mediated gene delivery, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8850–8854.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Wagner, E., Plank, C., Zatloukal, K., Cotten, M. & Bimstiel, M. L. (1992) Influenza vims hemagglutinin HA-2 N-terminal fusogenic peptides augment gene transfer by transferrin-poly- lysine-DNA complexes: toward a synthetic vims-like gene transfer vehicle, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 7934–7938.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Kalderon, D., Richardson, W. D., Markham, A. F. & Smith, A. E. (1984) Sequence requirements for nuclear location of simian vims 40 large-T antigen, Nature 311, 33–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Bukrinsky, M. I., Haggerty, S., Dempsey, M. P., Sharova, N., Adzhubel, A., Spitz, L., Lewis, P., Goldfarb, D., Emerman, M. & Stevenson, M. (1993) A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of nondividing cells, Nature 365, 666–669.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Chen, J., Stickles, R. J. & Daichendt, K. A. (1994) Galactosylated histone-mediated gene transfer and expression, Hum. Gene Ther. 5, 429–435.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Chowdhury, N. R., Wu, C. H., Wu, G. Y., Yemeni, P. C., Bommineni, V. R. & Chowdhury, J. R. (1993) Fate of DNA targeted to the liver by asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis in vivo. Prolonged persistence in cytoplasmic vesicles after partial hepatectomy, J Biol. Chem. 268, 11265–11271.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Gebara, M. M., Drevon, C., Harcourt, S. A., Steingrimsdottin, H., James, M. R. & Burke, J. F. (1987) Inactivation of a transfected gene in human fibroblasts can occur by deletion, amplification, phenotypic switching, or methylation, Mol. Cell Biol. 7, 1459–1464.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. McGrane, M. M., de Vente, J., Yun, J., Bloom, J., Park, E., Wynshaw-Boris, A., Wagner, T., Rottman, F. M. & Hanson, R. W. (1988) Tissue-specific expression and dietary regulation of a chimeric phosphoenolpymvate carboxykinase/bovine growth hormone in transgenic mice, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 11443–11451.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Wolff, J. A., Ludtke, J. J., Acsadi, G., Williams, P. & Jani, A. (1991) Long-term persistence of plasmid DNA and foreign gene expression in mouse muscle, Hum. Mol. Genet. 1, 363369.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Cooper, M. J. & Miron, S. (1993) Efficient episomal expression vector for human transitional carcinoma cells, Hum. Gene Ther. 4, 557–566.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Cotten, M., Wagner, E., Zatloukal, K., Phillips, S., Curiel, D. T. & Bimstiel, M. L. (1992) High efficiency receptor-mediated delivery of small and large (48 Kb) gene constmcts using endosome disruption activity of defective or chemically-inactivated adenovims particles, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 6094–6098.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-4935, USA

    Jose C. Perales, Maria Molas & Richard W. Hanson

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Thomas Ferkol

Authors
  1. Jose C. Perales
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Thomas Ferkol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maria Molas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Richard W. Hanson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 FEBS

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Perales, J.C., Ferkol, T., Molas, M., Hanson, R.W. (1994). An evaluation of receptor-mediated gene transfer using synthetic DNA-ligand complexes. In: EJB Reviews 1994. EJB Reviews 1994, vol 1994. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79502-2_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79502-2_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58830-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79502-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation