Abstract
Society has a great demand for environmental analyses. Decisions on the management of waste materials are based on chemical data. Legislation imposes the acquisition of concentrations of a variety of constituents. Environmental taxes may be based on the concentrations of specific compounds. The need for sanitation measures may be assessed through a programme of measurements. Finally, monitoring of contaminants in air, water, sediments, soils and waste streams is carried out on a large scale for a number of purposes.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
W.P. Cofino, Quality assurance of environmental analyses, in D. Barcelo (Ed), Quality assurance in environmental analysis, Elsevier, in press.
W.P. Cofino, Quality management of multilaboratory marine monitoring programmes, paper presented at the meeting of Chemical Institute of Canada, Halifax, 1990.
International Organization for Standardization, 1987, ISO/IEC Standard 9004, Quality management and quality system elements.
R.C. Ward, in D. Lerner (Ed.) Monitoring to detect changes in water quality series, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication No. 157, Wallingford, Oxfordshire UK, 1986,p.89.
P.M. Chapman, G. Patrick Romberg, G.A. Vigers, Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 54 (1982) 292–297.
J.K. Taylor, Quality Assurance of Chemical Measurements, Lewis Publishers, Michigan, 1990.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Handbook for sampling and sample preservation of water and waste waters, Report No. EPA-600/4-82-029, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1982.
CEN/CENELEC, 1989, European Standard EN 45001, General Criteria for the operation of testing laboratories, Brussels, Belgium.
International Organization for Standardization, 1982, ISO/IEC Guide 25, General requirements for the technical competence of testing laboratories.
B.E. Broderick, W.P. Cofino, R. Cornells, K. Heydom, W. Horwitz, D.T.E Hunt, R.C. Hutton, H.M. Kingston, H. Muntau, R. Baudo, D. Rossi, J.G. van Raaphorst, T.T. Lub, P. Schramel, F.T. Smyth, D.E. Wells, A.G. Kelly (1991), Mikrochim. Acta [Wien] II, 523–542.
J.K Taylor, Handbook for SRM users, NBS Special Publication 260–100, US Department of Commerce, National Institute for Science and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, 1985.
L.H. Keith, W. Crummett, J. Deegan, R.A. Libby, J.K. Taylor, G. Wentler, Anal. Chem. 55 (1983) 2210–2218.
R.J. Mesley, W. Dennis Pocklington, R.F. Walker, Analyst, 116 (1991) 975–990.
B. Griepink, Quimica Analitica 8 (1989) 1–21.
ACS Committee on Environmental Improvement, Guidelines for Data Acquisition and Data Quality Evaluation in Environmental Chemistry, Anal. Chem., 52 (1980) 2242–2249.
F.A.J.M. Vijverberg, W.P. Cofino, Control Procedures: Good Laboratory Practice and Quality Assurance, ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Science Series, No 6 (1987).
WELAC/EURACHEM, Information sheet No 1: Accreditation for Chemical Laboratories: Guidance on the interpretation of the EN 45000 series of standards and ISO Guide 25. Sixth draft 8/5/92, 1992. (will become availble through national accreditation organizations).
W. Horwitz, Anal. Chem., 50 (1978) 512A.
Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, Principles of Good Laboratory Practice, Paris, 1981.
K. Beyermann, Organic Trace Analyses, Chapter 2.7, Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester, UK, 1984.
J.K. Taylor, Anal. Chem. (1983) 600A–608A.
L.G.M.Th. Tuinstra, A.H. Roos, D.E.Wells, B. Griepink, Mikrochim. Acta [Wien] 1 (1989) 1.
D. S. Kirkwood, A. Aminot, M. Perttila, ICES Fourth Intercomparison Exercise for nutrients in seawater, ICES Cooperative Research Report 174, International Council for Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen, Denmark (1991).
S. Berman, V. Boyko, ICES Sixth Round Intercalibration for Trace Metals in Estuarine Water (JMG 6/TM/SW), ICES Cooperative Research Report 152, International Council for Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen, Denmark (1988).
J. de Boer, L. Reuthergårdh, J. van der Meer, J.A. Calder, ICES/IOC/OSPARCOM intercomparison exercise on the analysis of chlorobiphenyl congeners in marine media- second step, ICES Cooperative Research Report (accepted), International Council for Exploration of the Sea, Coepnhagen, Denmark.
R.J. Law, M.D. Nicholson, Report on the Fourth Round ICES Hydrocarbon Intercomparison programme — Stage 1, ICES Cooperative Research Report (in preparation), International Council for Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen, Denmark.
E.A. Maier, Ph. Quevauviller, B. Griepink, T. Rymen, H. van der Jagt, M.A.F.P. van Rooij, project QA 2/91, first draft, IUPAC Commission V2: Microchemical Techniques and Trace Analysis, 1992.
D.E. Wells, E.A. Maier, B. Griepink, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 46 (1992) 255–264.
Report on the ICES/IOC/OSPARCOM intercomparison exercise on the analysis of chlorobiphenyls in marine media. ICES Marine Chemistry Working Group paper MCWG 1991/7.2. International Council for Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen, Denmark.
T.J. Murphy The role of the analytical blank in accurate trace analysis, in : Accuracy in trace Analysis: Sampling, sample handling and analysis, NBS Special publication 422, Vol.l., National Institute for Science and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA, 1976.
International Organization for Standardization, 1982, ISO/IEC Standard 8402 Quality Vocabulary.
Discussion in Board of Experts on Environmental Analyses, National Accreditation Board of the Netherlands STERLAB.
International Organization for Standardization, ISO Guide 30, Geneve, 1981.
G.A. Uriano, J. Paul Cali, in J.R. Devoe Ed. Validation of the Measurement Processes, ACS Symposium Series No 63, 1977, p.140.
COMAR database for reference materials, Netherlands Measurement Institute, Delft, the Netherlands.
S.S. Berman, private communication.
M. van Rooij, F.L. Schulting, H2O 24(1991), 12–17 (in Dutch).
W.P. Cofîno, V.J.G. Houba, M.A.F.P. van Rooij, F.J. Spruit, R.W. Stephany, L.G.M.Th. Tuinstra, R. van Veen, P.H.U. de Vries, Accreditation and Interlaboratory Studies. Dutch National Accreditation Board STERLAB, 1992.
D.E. Wells, J. de Boer, L.G.M.Th Tuinstra, L. Reutergårdh, B. Griepink, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 322 (1988) 591–597.
T. Rymen, J. Hinschberger, E.A. Maier, B. Griepink, The quantitative determination of PCDD and PCDF: improvement of the analytical quality up to a level acceptable for the certification of certified reference materials. Report EUR 14357 EN, Luxembourg, 1992.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cofino, W.P. (1995). Quality of Information on Contamination of the Environment. In: Förstner, U., Salomons, W., Mader, P. (eds) Heavy Metals. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79316-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79316-5_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79318-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79316-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive