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Toxicology of Metals pp 93–120Cite as

Effects of Metals on Gene Expression

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 115))

Abstract

Heavy metals are both ubiquitous and long-lived in the environment (reviewed by GOyer 1991) and have enormously varied effects on cells. They are an absolute requirement for the function of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (17 out of the 30 elements essential for life are metals; COtton and WIlkinson 1980), but are toxic to cells and organs through different pathways and to different degrees (reviewed in several chapters of this volume). Some metals have no known function in cells, but have toxic effects:cadmium and arsenic are examples. Cells have developed mechanisms to keep toxic metal species away from critical targets, and some of those mechanisms will be covered in this review. Others are essential for normal cellular function, but are toxic under certain circumstances and at particular concentrations:metals that fall into this category include copper (an essential cofactor for many oxidative enzymes, including catalase, peroxidase, cytochrome oxides, and others — but also a dangerous cellular toxin; HOrn 1984), cobalt (an essential cofactor for vitamin B12), manganese (a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions involving phosphorylation, cholesterol, and fatty acid synthesis), iron (required for haemoglobin), selenium (essential for glutathione peroxidase; HOGBERG and ALexander 1986), and molybdenum (an essential cofactor for xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase, and required in plants for fixing atmospheric nitrogen by bacteria).

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Authors
  1. J. Koropatnick
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  2. M. E. I. Leibbrandt
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, N6A 5C1, Ontario, Canada

    Robert A. Goyer M.D. (Professor Emeritus) & M. George Cherian Ph.D. (Professor) (Professor Emeritus) &  (Professor)

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Koropatnick, J., Leibbrandt, M.E.I. (1995). Effects of Metals on Gene Expression. In: Goyer, R.A., Cherian, M.G. (eds) Toxicology of Metals. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 115. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79162-8_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79162-8_5

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