Abstract
Screening and education for melanoma/skin cancer are receiving increasing worldwide attention. In an attempt to improve melanoma control in the United States, where incidence and mortality rates continue to increase, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) has provided free skin cancer screenings to more than 600000 Americans and prevention messages to millions more. This chapter reviews and summarizes ongoing melanoma control activities in the United States, including prevention, education, and early detection/screening. We also address outcome measures in melanoma control and suggest that the unique external and visible nature of skin cancer blurs the distinction between screening and education. Measuring and evaluating the benefits of international melanoma control activities presents many challenging tasks. Future collaborative work must include complementary strategies in melanoma/skin cancer prevention, education, and screening to combat the worldwide increase in melanoma incidence and mortality.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
AAD (American Academy of Dermatology) Committee on Melanoma (1993) Skin cancer screening summary report. American Academy of Dermatology, Schaumburg
Anderson DM, Patwell JM, Plaut K, McCullough K (1988) Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary, 27th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia
Banks BA, Silverman RA, Schwartz RH et al (1992) Attitudes of teenagers toward sun exposure and sunscreen use. Pediatrics 89:40–42
Boring CC, Squires TS, Tong T (1993) Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 43:7 – 26
Brandberg Y, Bolund C, Michelson H et al (1993) Psychological reactions in public melanoma screening. Eur J Cancer 29A:860–863
Cockburn J, Hennrikus D, Scott R et al (1989) Adolescent use of sun-protection measures. Med J Aust 151:136–140
Cole P, Morrison AS (1980) Basic issues in population screening for skin cancer. JNCI 64:1263–1272
Cooke KR, McNoe BM (1990) Targeting early detection of malignant melanoma of the skin. NZ Med J 103:551–553
Elwood JM, Gallagher RP (1988) The first signs and symptoms of melanoma: a population based study. In: Elwood JM (ed) Nevi and melanoma: incidence, interrelationships and implications. Karger, Basel, pp 140–152 (Pigment cell, no 9)
Geller AC, Koh HK, Miller DR et al (1992a) Death rates of malignant melanoma among white men in the United States, 1973–1988. MMWR 41:20–21, 27
Geller AC, Koh HK, Miller DR et al (1992b) Use of health services before the diagnosis of melanoma. Implications for early detection and screening. J Gen Intern Med 7:154–157
Green A (1982) Incidence and reporting of cutaneous melanoma in Queensland. Aust J Dermatol 23:105–109
Hill D, Rassaby J (1984) Determinants of intentions to take precautions against skin cancer. Comm Health Stud 8:33–44
Holloway L (1992) Atmospheric sun protection factor on clear days: its observed dependence on solar zenith angle and its relevance to the shadow rule for sun protection. Photochem Photobiol 56:229–234
Johnson EY, Lookingbill DP (1984) Sunscreen use and sun exposure. Arch Dermatol 120:727–731
Koh HK (1991) Cutaneous melanoma. N Engl J Med 325:171–182
Koh HK, Geller AC, Miller DR et al (1991) Who is being screened for melanoma/ skin cancer? Characteristics of persons screened in Massachusetts. J Am Acad Dermatol 24:271–277
Koh HK, Bak SM, Geller AC et al (1992a) Sunbathing habits and sunscreen use in 2458 Caucasian adults: results of a national survey. Abstract presented at American Public Health Association, Washington DC
Koh HK, Miller DR, Geller AC et al (1992b) Who discovers melanoma? Patterns from a population-based survey. J Am Acad Dermatol 26:914–919
Koh HK, Geller AC, Miller DR et al (1993) Early detection of melanoma: an ounce of prevention may be a ton of work. J Am Acad Dermatol 28:645–647
Koh HK, Miller DR, Geller AC et al (1994a) Skin cancer screening in Massachusetts: the program and methodologic questions. In: Gallagher RP, Elwood JM (eds) Epidemiology of malignant melanoma. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston
Koh HK, Norton LA, Geller AC et al (1994b) Evaluation of national skin cancer screening. Cancer (submitted)
Leffell DJ, Berwick M, Bolognia J (1993) The effect of pre-education on patient compliance with full-body examination in a public skin cancer screening. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 19:660–663
Maducdoc LR, Wagner RF, Wagner KW (1992) Parents’ use of sunscreen on beachgoing children. The burnt child dreads the fire. Arch Dermatol 128:628–629
Marks R, Hill D (eds) (1992) The public health approach to melanoma control: prevention and early detection. International Union Against Cancer
Masri GD, Clark WH Jr, Guerry D IV et al (1990) Screening and surveillance of patients at high risk for malignant melanoma result in detection of earlier disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 22:1042–1048
Miller AB (ed) (1985) Screening for cancer. Academic Press, Orlando
Miller AB, Chamberlain J, Day NE et al (1990) Report on a workshop of the UICC project on evaluation of screening for cancer. Int J Cancer 46:761–769
Miller DR, Koh HK, Geller AC et al (1993) National survey of skin cancer awareness and prevention in older Americans. Abstract, presented at the American Public Health Association, San Francisco, CA
Morrison AS (1985) Screening in chronic disease. Oxford University Press, New York
Sackett DL, Holland WW (1975) Controversy in the detection of disease. Lancet 2:357–359
Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Tugwell P (1985) Clinical epidemiology Little Brown, Boston; pp 139–155
Vasen HFA, Bergman W, VanHaeringen A et al (1989) The familial dysplastic nevus syndrome: natural history and the impact of screening on prognosis. A study of nine families in the Netherlands. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 25:337–341
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Koh, H.K., Geller, A.C. (1995). Melanoma Control in the United States: Current Status. In: Garbe, C., Schmitz, S., Orfanos, C.E. (eds) Skin Cancer: Basic Science, Clinical Research and Treatment. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 139. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78771-3_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78771-3_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-78773-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78771-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive