Zusammenfassung
Unter den über 20 Vibrionenarten haben etwa 10 Bedeutung beim Menschen als obligat oder fakultativ pathogene Keime [4]. Unter diesen wiederum hat der in 2 Varianten vorkommende Vibrio cholerae 0–1 („klassischer“ und „Eitor“ Choleraerreger) das Potential zur epidemischen Ausbreitung. Die derzeitige 7. Choleraepidemie, die 1961 ihren Ausgang von der indonesischen Insel Celebes nahm, wird durch den Eltor-Biovar verursacht. Kürzlich wurde allerdings ein neuer, nicht zur O-Gruppe 1 des V. cholerae gehörender Typ festgestellt (V. cholerae 0139 „Bengal“; [24]), der z. Z. in Indien und Bangladesch epidemieartige Ausbreitung mit hoher Morbidität und Letalität erreicht hat [1, 22]. 1992 war die Cholera in 68 Ländern der Erde aufgetreten; insgesamt wurden 461 783 Erkrankungen mit 8072 Todesfällen gemeldet (Abb. 1; [27]). Die Dunkelziffer liegt allerdings erheblich höher.
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Bockemühl, J. (1993). Cholera: Pathogenese, Klinik, Therapie und Schutzimpfung. In: Zeitz, M., Caspary, W.F., Bockemühl, J., Lux, G. (eds) Ökosystem Darm V. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78733-1_1
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