Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Information Sciences ((SSINF,volume 29))

  • 157 Accesses

Abstract

Although the linear algorithm discussed in Chapter 3 is computationally fast, the solution is not optimal in the presence of noise. The methods discussed in this chapter aim at global optimality to significantly improve the accuracy of the solution. First, some situations are identified in which the solution of the linear algorithm is very unstable and thus the optimization is especially crucial. Then, methods for optimal estimation are investigated with two types of noise model: 3-D noise and 2-D image plane noise. A two-step computational approach is introduced for the nonlinear optimization. The first step is computing preliminary solution using a linear algorithm. The second step is iteratively improving this preliminary solution to reach an optimal solution. Then, other related issues are investigated, which include error bound, error estimation, as well as sequential and batch processing techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. Adiv: Determining three-dimensional motion and structure from optical flow generated by several moving objects. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 7, 348–401 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. G. Adiv: Inherent ambiguities in recovering 3-D motion and structure from a noisy flow field. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 11, 477–489 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Aisbett: An iterated estimation of the motion parameters of a rigid body from noisy displacement vectors. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 12, 1092–1098 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. B. D. Anderson, J. B. Moore: Optimal Filtering (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1979)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Ben-Israe, T. N. Greville: Generalized Inverses: Theory and Applications (Wiley, New York, 1974)

    Google Scholar 

  6. T. J. Broida, R. Chellappa: Estimation of object motion parameters from noisy images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 8, 90–99 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. K. M. Brown, J. E. Dennis: Derivative free analogues of the Levenberg-Marquardt and Gauss algorithms for nonlinear least squares approximation. Numeriche Mathematik, 18, 289–297 (1972)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. A. R. Bruss, B. K. Horn: Passive Navigation. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 21, 3–20 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Cramér: Mathematical Methods of Statistics (Princeton Univ. Press, New Jersey, 1946)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. O. D. Faugeras, F. Lustman, G. Toscani: Motion and structure from point and line matches, in Proc. Int’l Conf. Computer Vision (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Washington D.C. 1987)

    Google Scholar 

  11. R. J. Fitzgerald: Divergence of the Kalman Filter. IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 16, 736–747 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Gelb (ed): Applied Optimal Estimation (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1974)

    Google Scholar 

  13. A. A. Giordano, F. M. Hsu: Least Squares Estimation with Applications to Digital Signal Processing (Wiley, New York, 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  14. R. E. Kalman: A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems. J. Basic Eng., Series 82D, 35–45 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. C. L. Lawson, R. J. Hanson: Solving Least Squares Problems (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1974)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. K. Levenberg: A method for the solution of certain nonlinear problems in least squares. Quart. Appl. Math., 2, 164–168 (1944)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. H. C. Longuet-Higgins: A computer program for reconstructing a scene from two projections. Nature, 293, 133–135 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. D. G. Luenberger: Optimization by Vector Space Methods (Wiley, New York, 1969)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. D. G. Luenberger: Linear and nonlinear programming, 2nd ed. (Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts, 1982)

    Google Scholar 

  20. D. W. Marquardt: An algorithm for least squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. SIAM J. Appl. Math., 11, 431–441 (1963)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. P. S. Maybeck: Stochastic Models, Estimation, and Control, Vol. 1 (Academic Press, New York, 1979)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. P. S. Maybeck: Stochastic Models, Estimation, and Control, Vol. 2 (Academic Press, New York, 1982)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Mitiche, J. K. Aggarwal: A computational analysis of time- varying images, in Handbook of Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, ed. by Y. Young and K. S. Fu (Academic Press, New York, 1986)

    Google Scholar 

  24. E. H. Moore: General Analysis, Part I Memoirs (Amer. Philosophical Soc. 1, 1935)

    Google Scholar 

  25. J. M. Ortega, W. C. Rheinboldt: Iterative solution of nonlinear equations in several variables (Academic Press, New York, 1970)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. J. M. Ortega: Matrix Theory (Plenum, New York, 1987)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Papoulis: Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. R. Penrose: A generalized inverse for matrices. Cambridge Philosophical Soc., 51, 406–413 (1955)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. R. Penrose: On best approximate solutions of linear matrix equations. Cambridge Philosophical Soc., 52, 17–19 (1956)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. C. R. Rao: Linear Statistical Inference and Its Applications, 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1973)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. J. W. Roach, J. K. Aggarwal: Determining the movement of objects from a sequence of images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 2, 554–562 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  32. F. H. Schlee, C. J. Standish, N. F. Tota: Divergence in the Kaiman Filter. AIAA J., 5, 1114–1120 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. H. W. Sorenson: Parameter Estimation: Principles and Problems (Marcel Dekker, New Yor, 1980)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. H. W. Sorenson (ed): Kaiman Filtering: Theory and Application (IEEE Press, New York, 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  35. M. E. Spetsakis, J. Aloimonos: Optimal motion estimation, in Proc. IEEE Workshop on Visual Motion (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Washington D.C. 1989) pp. 229–237

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. G. Toscani, O. D. Faugeras, Structure from motion using the reconstruction & reprojection technique, in Proc. IEEE Workshop Computer Vision (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Washington D.C. 1987) pp. 345–348

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. L. Van Trees: Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Vol. 1 (Wiley, New York, 1969)

    Google Scholar 

  38. R. Y. Tsai, T. S. Huang: Uniqueness and estimation of 3-D motion parameters of rigid bodies with curved surfaces. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 6, 13–27 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. A. M. Waxman, B. Kamgar-Parsi, M. Subbarao: Closed-form solutions to image flow equations, in Proc. 1st Int’l Conf. Computer Vision (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Washington D.C. 1987) pp. 12–24

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Weng, N. Ahuja, T. S. Huang: Error analysis of motion parameters estimation from image sequences, in Proc. 1st Int’l Conf. Computer Vision (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Washington D.C. 1987) pp. 703–707

    Google Scholar 

  41. J. Weng, T. S. Huang, N. Ahuja: A two-step approach to optimal motion and structure estimation, in Proc. IEEE Workshop Computer Vision (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Washington D.C. 1987) pp. 355–357

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. Weng, N. Ahuja: Octree of objects in arbitrary motion: representation and efficiency. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 39, 167–185 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. J. Weng, N. Ahuja, T. S. Huang: Closed-form solution + maximum likelihood: a robust approach to motion and structure estimation, in Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Washington D.C. 1988) pp. 381–386

    Google Scholar 

  44. J. Weng, N. Ahuja, T. S. Huang: Optimal motion and structure estimation, in Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Washington D.C. 1989) pp. 144–152

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. Weng, T. S. Huang, N. Ahuja: Motion from images: image matching, parameter estimation and intrinsic stability, in Proc. IEEE Workshop on Visual Motion (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Washington D.C. 1989) pp. 359–366

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. S. S. Wilks: Mathematical Statistics (Wiley, New York, 1962)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  47. Y. Yasumoto, G. Medioni: Robust estimation of three- dimensional motion parameters from sequence of image frames using regularization. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 8, 464–471 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. S. Zacks: The Theory of Statistical Inference (Wiley, New York, 1971)

    Google Scholar 

  49. X. Zhuang, T. S. Huang, R. M. Haralick: Two-view motion analysis: a unified algorithm. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., A, 3, 1492–1500 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. X. Zhuang, T. S. Huang, N. Ahuja, R. Haralick: A simplified linear optic flow-motion algorithm. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 42, 334–344 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Weng, J., Huang, T.S., Ahuja, N. (1993). Optimization. In: Motion and Structure from Image Sequences. Springer Series in Information Sciences, vol 29. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77643-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77643-4_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-77645-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-77643-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics