Abstract
Pancreatic fistulas are defined as a continuing leakage of pancreatic secretions into an abnormal site, whether to the skin, into a body cavity, or into the gastrointestinal tract via a pathologic communication. Their complications may range in severity from minimal to fatal [1–3] and occur as a consequence of inflammatory or traumatic injury to the pancreas [1,3, 4]. Included in the latter category is trauma from a wide variety of interventional diagnostic and surgical procedures upon the pancreas [1, 5, 6]. Fistulas may occur in up to 70% of cases after such interventions [7, 8], with most reports in the 7%–20% range [1, 9–13]. They occur more frequently in males [1,14] and after alcoholic pancreatitis [1,15, 16], but these observations are probably dependent upon the prevalence of alcohol-induced disease in the populations served by reporting institutions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Jordan GL (1970) Pancreatic fistula. Am J Surg 119:200
Gadacz TR, Trunkey D, Kieffer RF (1978) Visceral vessel erosion associated with pancreatis. Arch Surg 113:1438
Warshaw AL, Moncure AC, Rattner DW (1989) Gastrocutaneous fistulas associated with pancreatic abscess. An aggressive entity. Ann Surg 210:603
Mason HDW, Forgash A, Balch HH (1975) Intestinal fistula formation complicating pancreatic abscess. Surg Gynecol Obstet 140:39
Trede M, Schwall G (1988) The complications of pancreatectomy. Ann Surg 207:39
Spirnack JP, Resnick MI, Persky L (1984) Cutaneous pancreatic fistula as a complication of left nephrectomy. J Urol 132:329
Walsh DB (1982) Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Diagnosis and treatment. Ann Surg 115:152
Papachristou DN, Fortner JG (1981) Pancreatic fistula complicating pancreatectomy for malignant disease. Br J Surg 68:238
Beger HG, Buechler M, Bittner R, Block S, Nevalainen T, Roscher R (1988) Necrosectomy and postoperative local lavage in necrotizing pancreatis. Br J Surg 75:207
Lerut JP, Gianello PR, Otte JB, Kestens PJ (1984) Pancreaticoduodenal resection: surgical experience and evaluation of risk factors in 103 patients. Ann Surg 199:432
Aston SJ, Longmire WP (1974) Management of the pancreas after pancreatoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 179:322
Cattel R, Warren KW (1953) Surgery of the pancreas, 1st edn. Sauners, Philadelphia, pp 322–324
Sato T, Saitoh Y, Noto N, Matsuno S (1977) Follow-up studies of radical resection for pancreaticoduodenal cancer. Ann Surg 186:581
Fielding GA, McLatchie GR, Wilson C, Imrie CW, Carter DC (1989) Acute pancreatitis and pancreatic fistula formation. Br J Surg 76:1126
Doberneck RC (1989) Intestinal fistula complicating necrotizing pancreatis. Am J Surg 158:581
Broe PJ, Cameron JL (1982) Pancreatic ascites and pancreatic pleural effusions. In: Bradley EL (ed) Complications of pancreatitis. Medical and surgical management, 1st edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 245–264
Zinner MJ, Baker RB, Cameron JL (1974) Pancreatic cutaneous fistulas. Surg Gynecol Obstet 138:710
Miller JM, Wiper TB (1944) Physiologic observations on patients with external pancreatic fistula. Ann Surg 120:852
Iacono C, Procacci C, Frigo F, Andreis IAB, Cesaro G, Caia S, Bassi C, Pederzoli P, Serio G, Dagradi A (1989) Thoracic complication of pancreatitis. Pancreas 4:228
Pottmeyer EW, Frey CF, Matsuno S (1987) Pancreaticopleural fistulas. Arch Surg 122:648
Prinz RA, Pickleman J, Hoffman JP (1988) Treatment of pancreatic cutaneous fistulas with a somatostatin analog. Am J Surg 155:36
Pederzoli P, Bassi C, Falconi M, Albrigo R, Vantini I, Micciolo R (1986) Conservative treatment of external pancreatic fistulas with parenteral nutrition alone or in combination with continuous intravenous infusion of somatostatin, glucagon or calcitonin. Surg Gynecol Obstet 163:428
Martin FM, Rossi RL, Munson JL, ReMine SG, Braasch JW (1989) Management of pancreatic fistulas. Arch Surg 124:571
Geake T, Spitaels JM, Moshal M (1979) Pancreatic pleural effusions with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. S Afr Med J 56:408
Satake K, Cho K, Sowa M (1978) Demonstration of a pancreatic fistual by endoscopic pancreatography in a patient with chronic pleural effusion. Am J Surg 136:390
Greenwald RA, DeLuce RF, Raskin JB (1979) Pancreatic-pleural fistula demonstration by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and successful treatment with radiation therapy. Dig Dis Sci 24:240
Tombroff M, Loicq A, DeKoster JP (1973) Pleural effusion with pancreatopleural fistula. Br Med J 1:330
Waltman AC, Luers PR, Athanasoulis CA, Warshaw AL (1986) Massive arterial hemorrhage in patients with pancreatitis. Complementary role of surgery and transcatheter occlusive techniques. Arch Surg 121:439
Steele M, Sheldon GF, Blaisdell FW (1973) Pancreatic injuries: methods of management. Arch Surg 106:544
Baker RJ, Bass RT, Zajtchuk R, Strohl EL (1967) External pancreatic fistula following abdominal injury. Arch Surg 95:556
Miller BM, Traverso LW, Freeny PC, Abumrad NN (1989) Failure of somatostatin or an analog to promote closure of end pancreatic fistulae. Int J Pancreatol 4:65
Smedh K, Larsson J, Lindstroem E, Ihse I (1989) Late sequelae of central pancreatic necrosis. Acta Chir Scand 155:553
Lansing PB, Blalock JB, Ochsner JL (1972) Pancreatoduodenectomy: a retrospective review 1949–1969. Am Surg 38:79
Fitzgibbons TJ, Yellin AE, Maruyama MM, Donovan AJ (1982) Management of the transected pancreas following distal pancreatectomy. Surg Gynecol Obsted 154:225
Lerut J, Gianello P, Reynaert M, Otte JB, Kestens PJ (1985) Fistules pancreatiques postoperatoires: etude clinique sur une serie de 114 duodeno-pancreatectomies cephaliques consecutives. Acta Chir Bel 85:205
Warren KW, Choe DS, Plaza J, Relihan M (1975) Results of radical resection for periampullary cancer. Ann Surg 181:534
Jordan GL (1987) Pancreatic fistula. In: Howard JM, Jordan GL, Reber HA (eds) Surgical diseases of the pancreas, lsr edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 898–911
Smith CD, Sarr MG, van Heerden JA (1990) Completion pancreatectomy following pancreatoicoduodenectomy: clinical experience. Pancreas Club Inc. 5/90 San Antonio 26 (abstract)
Warshaw AL, Jin G (1986) Treatment of the complications of acute Pancreatitis. In: Moody FG, Carey LC, Jones RS, Kelly KA, Nahrwold DL, Skinner DB (eds) Surgical treatment of digestive disease, 1st edn. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, pp476-491
Aldridge MC, Francis ND, Glazer G, Dudley HAF (1989) Colonic complications of severe acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 76:362
Russel JC, Welch JP, Clark DG (1983) Colonic complication of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic abscess. Am J Surg 146:558
Scholefield JH, Goodman AJ, Morgan WP (1988) Abdominal wall and gastric infarction in acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 3:494.
Anderson MC (1972) Management of pancreatic pseudocysts. Am J Surg 123:209
Lerner S, Zuflacht JJ, Zola SP (1964) Gastrocolic fistula complicating acute recurrent pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 41:537
Hansen CP, Lanng C, Christensen A, Thagaard CS, Lassen M, Klaerke A, Tonnesen H, Ostgaard SE (1988) Gastrocolic fistulas. Acta Chir Scand 154:287
Saha SP, Stephenson SE (1974) Gastrocolic fistula secondary to pancreatic abscess. South Med J 67:367
Kiimmerle F, Neher M (1981) Management of complications after operations for acute pancreatitis. World J Surg 5:387
Berne TV, Edmondson HA (1966) Colonic fistulization due to pancreatitis. Am J Surg 111:359
Poole GV, Wallenhaupt SL (1984) Massive rectal bleeding from colonic fistula in pancreatitis. Arch Surg 119:732
Katz P, Dorman MJ, Aufses AH (1974) Colonic necrosis complicating postoperative pancreatitis. Ann Surg 179:403
Bouillot JL, Alexandre JH, Vuong NP (1989) Colonic involvement in acute necrotizing pancreatitis: results of surgical treatment. World J Surg 13:84
Rutledge PL, Warshaw AL (1988) Persistent acute pancreatitis: a variant treated by pancreatoduodenectomy. Arch Surg 123:597
Banks PA, McLellan PA, Gerzof SG, Splaine EF, Lintz RM, Brown ND (1984) Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst. Dig Dis Sci 29:664
McCormick PA, Chronos N, Burroughs AK, McIntyre N, McLaughlin J (1990) Pancreatic pseudocyst causing portal vein thrombosis and pancreatico-pleural fistula. Gut 31:561
Dewan NA, Kinney WW, O’Donohue WJ (1984) Chronic massive pancreatic pleural effusions. Chest 85:497
LeMee J, Langonnet F, Fekete F, Gayet B, Werner P, Belghiti J (1989) Pancreatobronchial fistula as a surgically correctable cause of pulmonary failure in necrotizing pancreatitis. Dig Sug 6:12
Iglehart JD, Mansback C, Postlethwait R, Roberts L, Ruth W (1986) Pancreaticobronchial fistula: case report and review of the literature. Gastroenterology 90:759
Farman J, Kutcher R, Dallemand S (1978) Unusual pelvic complications of a pancreatic pseudocyst. Gastrointest Radiol 3:43
Lombrozo R, Wolloch Y, Dintsman M (1977) Retroperitoneal dissection of pancreatic pseudocyst to the left inguinal region. Isr J Med Sci 13:309
Hubbard TB, Eilber FR, Oldroyd JJ (1972) The retroperitoneal extension of necrotizing pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obsted 134:927
Yamamoto S, Takeshige K, Aradawa T, Kuroda H, Kanda S, Takayama T, Katada N (1982) Case report of pancreatic pseudocyst ruptured into the splenic vein causing extrahepatic portal hypertension. Jpn J Surg 12:387
Willis SM, Brewer TG (1989) Pancreatic duct-portal vein fistula. Gastroenterology 97:1025
Zeller M, Hetz HH (1966) Rupture of a pancreatic cyst into the portal vein: report of a case of subcutaneous nodular and generalized fat necrosis. J Am Med Assoc 195:181
Davidson ED, Horney JT, Salter PP (1979) Internal pancreatic fistula to the pericardium and pleura. Surgery 85:478
Cameron JL (1978) Chronic pancreatic ascites and pancreatic pleural effusions. Gastroenterology 74:134
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schmidt, J., Rattner, D.W., Warshaw, A.L. (1992). Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic Fistulas: Rationale, Timing, and Techniques. In: Pederzoli, P., Bassi, C., Vesentini, S. (eds) Pancreatic Fistulas. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77418-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77418-8_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-55338-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-77418-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive