Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is presently preparing a Health Assessment Document of inhaled diesel engine emissions which will also address the question of an assessment of its carcinogenic potency. The evidence of a carcinogenic potential of inhaled diesel exhaust from epidemiological studies is limited whereas it is sufficient from long-term rat inhalation studies (IARC, 1989). Table 1 lists several of those rat inhalation studies, and the question arises whether the result of these studies could be used for assessing a carcinogenic risk for human exposure.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albert, R.E., J. Lewtas, S. Nesnow, T.W. Thorslund and E. Anderson (1983) Comparative potency method for cancer risk assessment: Application to diesel particulate emissions. Risk Analysis 3: 101–117.
Albert, R.E. and C. Chen (1986) U.S.-EPA diesel studies on inhalation hazards. In: Ishinishi et al.(eds.) Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Effects of Diesel Engine Exhaust Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division).
Bond, J.A., J.R. Harkema, R.F. Henderson, J.L. Mauderly, R.O. McClellan and R.K. Wolff (1989) Molecular dosimetry of inhaled diesel exhaust. In: U. Mohr (ed.) Assessment of Inhalation Hazards Integration: Integration and Extrapolation Using Diverse Data. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, pp. 315–324.
Cuddihy, R.G. and r.O. McClellan (1983) Evaluating lung cancer risks from exposures to diesel engine exhaust. Risk Analysis 3: 119–124.
Grimmer, G., H. Brune, R. Deutsch-Wenzel, G. Dettbam, J. Jacob, K.-W. Naujack, U. Mohr and H. Ernst (1987) Contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-derivatives to the carcinogenic impact of diesel exhaust condensate evaluated by implantation into the lungs of rats. Cancer Letters 37: 173–180.
Harris, J.E. (1983) Diesel emissions and lung cancer. Risk Analysis 3: 83–100.
Heinrich, U., H. Muhle, S. Takenaka, H. Ernst, R. Fuhst, U. Mohr, F. Pott and W. Stöber (1986a) Chronic effects on the respiratory tract of hamsters, mice and rats after long-term inhalation of high concentrations of filtered and unfiltered diesel engine emissions. J. Appl. Toxicol.6: 383–395.
Heinrich, U., F. Pott, U.Mohr, R. Fuhst and J. Donig (1986b) Lung tumours in rats and mice after inhalation of PAH-rich emissions. Exp. Pathol.29: 29–34.
Heinrich, U., D. Dungworth, F. Pott, A. Schulte, L. Peters, C. Dasenbrock, K. Levsen, W. Koch and O. Creutzenberg (1991) The carcinogenic effects of carbon particles and tar/pitch condensation aerosol after inhalation exposure of rats. Presented at: Seventh International Symposium on Inhaled Particles, Edinburgh, Scotland, September, 1991.
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) (1987) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Vol. 46, Engine Exhausts and Nitroarenes. Lyon.
Ishinishi, N., A. Koizumi, R. O. McClellan and W. Stöber, eds. (1986) Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Effects of Diesel Engine Exhaust. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division).
Kawabata, Y., K. Iwai, T. Udagawa, K. Tukagoshi, and K. Higuchi (1986) Effects of diesel soot on unscheduled DNA synthesis of tracheal epithelium and lung tumor formation, In: Ishinishi, N., K. Koizumi, R.O. McClellan and W. Stöber (eds.) Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Effects of Diesel Engine Exhaust. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, pp. 213–222.
Kunitake, E., K. Shimamura, H. Katayama, K. Takemoto, A. Yamamoto, A. Hisanaga, S. Ohyama, and N. Ishinishi (1986) Studies concerning carcinogenesis of diesel particulate extracts following intratracheal instillation, subcutaneous injection, or skin application. In: N. Ishinishi et al. (eds.) Carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of diesel engine exhaust Amsterdam. Elsevier, pp. 361–380.
Lewtas, J. (1983) Evaluation of the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of motor vehicle emissions in short-term bioassays. Environmental Health Perspectives 47: 141–152.
Lee, K.P., N.W. Henry III, H.J. Trochimowicz and C.F. Reinhardt (1986) Pulmonary response to impaired lung clearance in rats following excessive TiO2 dust deposition. Environ. Res.41: 144–167.
Martin, J.C., H. Daniel, and L. LeBouffant (1977) Short- and long-term experimental study of the toxicity of coal-mine dust and of some of its constituents. In: Inhaled Particles IV, Part I, ed. W. H. Walton, p. 361–370, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Mauderly, J.L., R. K. Jones, W.C. Griffith, R. F. Henderson and R.O. McClellan (1987) Diesel exhaust is a pulmonary carcinogen in rats exposed chronically by inhalation. Fund. & Appl. Tox.9: 208–221.
Mauderly, J. L., M.B. Snipes, E.B. Barr, W.E. Bechtold, R.F. Henderson, C.E. Mitchell, K.J. Nikula and D.G. Thomassen (1991) Influence of particle-associated organic compounds on carcinogenicity of diesel exhaust. Presented at: Health Effects Institute, Annual Conference, April, 1991, Colorado Springs.
McClellan, R.O., R.G. Cuddihy, W.C. Griffith and J. L. Mauderly (1989) Integrating diverse data sets to assess the risks of airborne pollutants. In: U. Mohr (ed.) Assessment of Inhalation Hazards Integration: Integration and Extrapolation Using Diverse Data. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, pp. 3–22.
Morrow, P.E. (1988) Possible mechanisms to explain dust overloading of the lungs. Fund. & Appl. Tox., 10: 369–384.
Muhle, H., O. Creutzenberg, B. Bellman, U. Heinrich and R. Mermelstein (1990) Dust overloading of lungs: Investigations of various materials, species differences and irreversibility of effects. J. Aerosol Med.3: Suppl. 1, S-111–S128.
Nesnow, S., C. Evans, A. Stead, J. Creason, T.J. Slaga and L.L. Triplett (1982) Skin carcinogenesis studies of emission extracts. In: J. Lewtas (ed.) Toxicological Effects of Emissions from Diesel Engines. Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp. 295–320.
Pott, F. and U. Heinrich (1988) New findings on the carcinogenic effect of diesel engine exhaust. Z. Gesamte Hygiene 34: 686–689.
Pott, F., D.L.Dungworth, U. Heinrich, H. Muhle, K. Kamino, P.-G. Germann, M. Roller, and R.M. Rippe (1991) Lung tumors in rats after intratracheal instillation of dusts. Presented at VII International Symposium on Inhaled Particles, Edinburgh, September, 1991.
Smith, R.A. and L. Stayner (1990) An exploratory assessment of the risk of lung cancer associated with exposure to diesel exhaust based on a study with rats. A final report, Division of Standards Development and Technology Transfer, NIOSH, Cincinnati.
Tong, H.Y. and F.W.Karasek (1984) Quantitation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel exhaust particulate matter by high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation and high resolution gas chromatography. Anal. Chem.56: 2129–2134.
Williams, R.L. and D.P. Chock (1981) Characterization of diesel particulate exposure. Environment Internationals: 199–209.
Yu, C.P., K.J. Yoon and Y.K. Chen (1990) Retention modeling of diesel exhaust particles in rats and humans. J. Aerosol Med., in press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Oberdörster, G., Pepelko, W.P., Yu, C.P., Chen, C. (1992). Risk Estimation of Human Lung Cancer from Environmental Exposure to Diesel Exhaust: Extrapolation from Particle Induced Experimental Lung Tumors?. In: Seemayer, N.H., Hadnagy, W. (eds) Environmental Hygiene III. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77112-5_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77112-5_29
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-77114-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-77112-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive