Zusammenfassung
Seit 1974 wurde eine große Anzahl von experimentellen und Beobachtungsstudien zur frühen Gefährdung für psychopathologische Störungen im Laboratorium für Experimentelle Klinische Psychologie in Groningen durchgeführt (Kaiverboer 1990). Der Schwerpunkt dieser Untersuchungen sind das Problemverhalten von Kindern mit sog. Grenzfallpsychopathologien (insbesondere Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitäts-Störung (ADHD) und motorische Ungeschicklichkeit) sowie verhaltensbedingte Folgezustände früher biologischer Risikofaktoren (z.B. Frühgeburt und Reifungsstörungen des ZNS und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, wie angeborene Hypothyreose und Phenylketonurie). Historisch gab der wohlbekannte, obwohl von Anfang an umstrittene Begriff der minimalen Hirnfunktionsstörung (minimale zerebrale Dysfunktion, MCD im deutschen Sprachbereich, im englischen „minimal brain dysfunction”, MBD) den Anstoß zu diesem Forschungsprogramm. Wichtige Komponenten des MBD-Komplexes, wie es in der letzten Zeit definiert wurde, sind Aufmerksamkeitsdefizite und Hyperaktivität sowie motorische Ungeschicklichkeit (Kaiverboer 1988b). Zur Erforschung der so gekennzeichneten Erscheinungsbilder mußten genauere theoriebestimmte Untersuchungen mit klar definierten Kindergruppen durchgeführt werden, denn nur diese ermöglichten es, die genaue Beschaffenheit dieser Funktionsstörungen und die Hintergründe ihres Entstehens zu bestimmen. Es wurde eine Reihe von Studien durchgeführt, die miteinander im Zusammenhang stehen. Dabei wurden Modelle und Methoden aus der Ethologie und der experimentellen Psychologie angewendet, deren Schwerpunkt auf der Informationsverarbeitung liegt.
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Kalverboer, A.F. (1992). Von der minimalen zerebralen Dysfunktion zum Aufmerksamkeitsdefizitsyndrom: Neuere Forschungsentwicklungen. In: Steinhausen, HC. (eds) Hirnfunktionsstörungen und Teilleistungsschwächen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77072-2_3
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