Abstract
Gentiana species belong to the family Gentianaceae, order Gentianales, superorder Gentiananae, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida (Takhtajan 1980). The species are divided into several sections according to the morphology of the above-ground organs (Sziszkin and Bobrow 1952; Hegi 1966; Tutin et al. 1972). The subgenera Eugentiana Kusnezow and Gentianella Kusnezow (Hegi 1966) are entered in Flora Europaea as separate genera: Gentiana L. and Gentianella Moench (Tutin et al. 1972).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bajaj YPS, Furmanowa M, Olszowska O (1988) Biotechnology of the micropropagation of medicinal and aromatic plants. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 4. Medicinal and aromatic plants I. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 60–103
Bakuridze AD, Dargaeva TD, Patudin AV, Efremow AP, Nikolaeva GG, Brutko LI, Rabinowicz AM (1987a) Metod opredelenija sodierzanija sumy iridoidow u Gentiana. Rast Resur 23: 455–458
Bakuridze AD, Dargaeva TD, Nikolaeva GG, Patudin AV, Brutko LI (1987b) Iridoids in plants of the genus Gentiana (Gentianaceae). Chim Prirod Soedin 1: 3–11 (in Russian)
Barešová H (1988) Centaurium erythraea Rafn: micropropagation and the production of sec-oiridoid glucosides. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 4. Medicinal and aromatic plants I. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 350–366
Barralis G, Chadoeuf R, Desmarêst P (1978) New trends ofGentiana lutea cultivation. Acta Hortic 73: 303–306
Bellmann G, Jacot-Guillarmod A (1973a) Contribution â la phytochimie du genre Gentiana. I. Etude des composes flavoniques et xanthoniques dans les feuilles de Gentiana lutea L. Helv Chim Acta 56: 284–294
Bellmann G, Jacot-Guillarmod A (1973b) Contribution â la phytochimie du genre Gentiana. II. Etude des cyclitols dans les feuilles de Gentiana lutea L. Helv Chim Acta 56: 773–775
Bue TG, Krys ZOP (1975) K biologii prorastanija semjon gorecavki zeltoj. Biul Dl Bötan Sada AN URSS Nr 96: 52–55; RefZ-Biol 1975 Nr 11: w 410
Canonica L, Pelizzoni F, Manito P, Jommi G (1961) Structure of gentiopicroside. Tetrahedron 16: 192–200
Chialva F, Frattini C, Martelli A (1986) Öl von Gentiana lutea. Z. Lebensm Unters Forsch 182: 212–214
Dragendorff G (1898) Die Heilpflanzen der verschidenen Völker und Zeiten. Enke, Stuttgart, pp 529–530
Dombrowicz E, Swiatek L (1987) Kwasy fenolowe w surowcach goryczkowych. Farmacja Pol 43: 639–642
El-Sedawy A, Hattori M, Kobashi K, Namba T (1989) Metabolism of gentiopicroside (gentiopicrin) by human intestinal bacteria. Chem Pharm Bull 37: 2435–2437
Franz C, Fritz D (1975) Anbauversuche mit Gentiana lutea und Inhaltsstoffe einiger Ökotypen. Planta Med 28: 289–300
Franz C, Fritz D (1978) Cultivation aspects of Gentiana lutea L. Acta Hortic 73: 307–312
Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K (1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res 50: 151–158
Garcia J, Chulia A J (1986) Loganin and new iridoid glucosides inGentiana pedicellata. Planta Med 4: 327–329
Gawlowska J (1986) Pierwsze polowe uprawy goryczki zôltej w Polsce. Wiad Zielar 27(6): 1–3
Ghosal S, Singh AAK, Biswas K (1983) New 6-aryl-2 pyrones from Gentiana pedicellata. Planta Med 49: 240–243
Hayashi T, Yamagishi T (1988) Two xanthone glycosides from Gentiana lutea. Phytochemistry 27: 3696–3699
Hegi G (1966) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, Bd 3. Hanser, München, pp 1979–2047
Hegnauer R (1966) Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, Bd 4. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp 176–192
Heymons S, Hölzl J, Weber HC (1986) Va-Mycorrhiza in Gentiana lutea, the importance of cultivation and influence on constituents. Planta Med 34th Annu Congr Medicinal Plant Research, Hamburg, p 510
Hostettmann K, Wagner H (1977) Xanthone glycosides. Phytochemistry 16: 821–829
Hostettmann K, Bellmann G, Tabacchi R, Jacot-Guillarmad A (1973) Contribution â la phytochimie du genre Gentiana. Ill Etude des composes flavoniques et xanthoniques dans les feuilles de Gentiana lutea L. Helv Chim Acta 56: 3050–3054
Index Kewensis Plantarum Phanerogmarum 1895, Suppl I-XVIII (1906–1987) University Press, Oxford
Inouye H, Nakamura Y (1971) Über die Monoterpenglucoside und verwandte Naturstoffe XIV. Die struktur der beiden stark bitter schmeckenden Glucoside Amarogentin und Amaroswerin ausSwertia japónica. Tetrahedron 27: 1951–1966
Inouye H, Yoshida T, Nakamura Y, Tobita S (1968) Die Stereochemie einiger Secoiridoid- glucoside und die Revision der Struktur des Gentiopicrosids. Tetrahedron Lett 42: 4429–4432
Inouye H, Ueda S, Nakamura Y (1970) Über die Monoterpenglucoside X. Secoiridoid-glucoside aus Swertia japónica. Isolierung von fünf Secoiridoid-glucosiden sowie die Strukturaufklärung des Swerosids, des Swertiamarins und des Gentiopicrosids. Chem Pharm Bull 18: 1856–1865
Inouye H, Ueda S, Nakamura Y, Inoue K, Hayano T, Matsumura H (1974) Über die Monoterpenglucoside und verwandte Naturstoffe XXIV, Triflorosid ein neues Secoiridoidglucosid aus Gentiana triflora var. japónica. Tetrahedron 30: 571–577
Ishiguro K, Yamaki M, Takagi S (1983) Studies on iridoid-related compounds. III. Gentiopicral, the aglucone of gentiopicroside. Planta Med 49: 208–210
Isiguro K, Yamaki M, Takagi S, Ikeda Y, Kawakami K, Ito K, Nose T (1986) Studies on iridoid-related compounds. IV. Antitumor activity of iridoid aglycones. Chem Pharm Bull 34: 2375–2379
Koshioka M, Takino Y, Hayshi T (1980) Studies on the evaluation of crude drugs. X. II Quantitative determination of bitter compounds in Swertiae Herba. Planta Med 38 (Suppl): 64–67
Kozlowski J (1983) Goryczka zólta - wartosciowa roslina lecznicza. Wiad Zielar 25(10–11): 16–17
Krupińska A, Skrzypczak L (1989) Oznaczanie amarogentyny metoda densytometryczna. XIV Naukowy Zjazd Polsk Towarzystwa Farm. Wroclaw, Streszczenia, p 7/30
Krupińska A, Segiet-Kujawa E, Skrzypczak L, Ellnain-Wojtaszek M (1991) Quantitative determination of amarogentin by TLC densitometry. Sci Pharm 59: 135–138
Lamproye A, Crevecoeur M, Kevers C, Gaspar Th (1987) Multiplication vegetative in vitro de Gentiana lutea et de Gentiana pneumonanthe. Med Fac Landbuoww Rijkuniv Gent 52: 1255–1257
Luo JP, Lou ZC (1986) TLC-densitometry determination of bitter glycosides in Chinese drug Longdan, Radix Gentianae and its quality evaluation. Yaoxue Xuebao 21: 40–46; I Ph A (1987) 2411788
Maiwald L (1987) Phytotherapie bei Erkrankungen des Magen-Darm-Traktes. Z Phytother 8: 184–185
Menković N, Ralić J, Savin K, Ivanic R (1986) Prilog farmakognozijskom proueavanju nekoliko Gentiana - vrsta. Farm Glas 42: 127–135
Meravy L (1987) Phenolic substances in tissue cultures of Centaurium erythraea. Biol Plant 29: 81–87
Miura H (1991) Swertia spp.:in vitro culture, regeneration, and production of secondary metabolites. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 15. Medicinal and aromatic plants III. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 451–463
Mpondo EM, Garcia J (1990) Two iridoid glucosides from Gentiana verna. Phytochemistry 29: 643–644
Mpondo EM, Garcia J, Chulia A J (1990a) Secoiridoid glucosides from Gentiana campestris. Phytochemistry 29: 1687–1688
Mpondo EM, Garcia J, Cartier G, Pellet G (1990b) 6’-O-ß-D-glucosylswertiamarine: a new secoiridoid from Gentiana alpina. Planta Med 56: 334
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473–497
Nikolaeva GG, Glyzin WI, Mladencewa MS (1983) Xanthones of Gentiana lutea. Chim Prirod Soedin 1: 107–108 (in Russian)
Nikolaev SM, Bakuridze AD, Dargaeva TD, Brutko LI, Patudin AV, Schagzhieva GA, Nikolaeva GG (1987) Prospects of the utilisation of the overground part of Gentiana lutea L. for medicinal preparations. Izv Sib Otd Akad Nauk URSS Ser Biol Nauk 0(3): 67–70 (in Russian)
Nitsch JP, Nitsch C (1969) Haploid plants from pollen grains. Science 163: 85–87
Paun E, Mihalea A (1977) Probleme actúale si de perspectiva privint plántele medicínale si aromatice. Prod Vegetala Cereale Plante Technice, Bucuresti 29(7): 28–31
Penso G (1983) Index Plantarum Medicinalium Totius Mundi Eorumque Synonymorum. OEMF, Milano, pp 436–437
Pierik RLM (1989) In vitro culture of higher plants. Nijhoff, Dordrecht, pp 305–308
Procyk A (1982) Mozliwosci uprawy goryczki zoltej. Wiad Zielar 24(1–2): 7–8
Quercia V, Pierini N, Battaglino G (1980) Study of bitter constituents of the gentian root by high pressure liquid chromatography. Acta Hortic 96: 231–244
Rote Liste (1986) Verzeichnis von Fertigarznei-mitteln der Mitglieder des Bundesverbandes der Pharmazeutischen Industrie. Cantor, Aulendorf Württ
Sakamoto I, Morimoto K, Tanaka O, Inouye H (1983) Application of high performance liquid chromatography and field desorption mass spectroscopy to separative analysis of bitter secoiridoid glucosides of Swertiae Herba. Chem Pharm Bull 31: 25–30
Schaufelberger D, Hostettmann K (1985) Analytical and preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography of secoiridoid glycosides. J Chromatogr 346: 396–400
Schaufelberger D, Domon B, Hostettmann K (1984) Desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry of bitter glycosides from Gentiana. Planta Med 50: 398–403
Schultze J, Franz C (1980) Sugar, bitter substances and essential oils ofGentiana lutea L. In dependence of ecotype, plant age and stage of development. Acta Hortic 96: 311–315
Semeniuk P, Griesbach RJ (1987) In vitro propagation of prairie gentian. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 8: 249–253
Skrzypczak L, Wesolowska M (1989) Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Hudson i Eustoma grandiflorum Shinn. z kultur in vitro. XIV Naukowy Zjazd Polsk Towarzystwa Farm. Wroclaw, Streszczenia, p 7/42; 48 Zjazd Polsk Towarzystwa Botan, Katowice, Streszczenia, p 129
Skrzypczak L, Wesolowska M, Thiem B (1988a) Callus culture and micropropagation ofEustoma grandiflorum Shinn. Acta Soc Bot Pol 57: 423–430
Skrzypczak L, Wesolowska M, Thiem B (1988b) Callus culture and micropropagation ofEustoma grandiflorum and Blackstonia perfoliata. 5th Int Conf Biology of cell cultures and biotechnology, Novosibirsk, Poster session
Sticher O, Meier B (1978) Identifizierung der Bitterstoffe von Radix Gentianae mit Hochleistungs-Flüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC). Pharm Acta Helv 53: 40–45
Sticher O, Meier B (1980) Quantitative Bestimmung der Bitterstoffe in Wurzeln von Gentiana lutea undGentiana purpurea mit HPLC. Planta Med 40: 55–67
Swiatek L, Dombrowicz E, Zadernowski R (1988) Zawartosc fenolokwasöw w korzeniach goryczki zoltej (Gentiana lutea L.). Herba Pol 34: 15–20
Sziszkin BK, Bobrow EG (eds) (1952) Flora URSS, vol 18. AN URSS, Moscow Leningrad, pp 538–620
Takhtajan AI (1980) Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophyta). Bot Rev 46: 225–359
Tutin TG, Heywood VH, Burges NA, Moore DA, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA (1972) Flora Europaea, vol 3. University Press, Cambridge, pp 59–63
Van der Sluis WG, Labadie RP (1981) Fungitoxic activity of the secoiridoid glucoside gentiopicrin (gentiopicroside). Planta Med 42: 139–140
Van der Nat J, van der Sluis WG, Labadie RP (1982) Gentiogenal, a new antimicrobial iridoid derived from gentiopicrin (gentiopicroside). Planta Med 45: 161–162
Van der Sluis WG, Van der Nat JM, Spik AL, Tkeshiro Y, Labadie RP (1983) Gentiogenal, a conversion product of gentiopicrin (gentiopicroside). Planta Med 49: 211–215
Vanhaelen M, Vanhaelen-Fastre R (1983) Quantitative determination of biologically active constituents in medicinal plant crude extracts by thin-layer chromatography densitometry. J Chromatogr 281: 263–271
Verney AM, Debelmas AM (1973) Sur diverses xanthones deGentiana lutea L., G. purpurea L., G. punctata L., G. pannonica Scop. Ann Pharm Fr 31: 415–420
Verotta L (1985) Isolation and HPLC determination of the active principles of Rosmarinus officinalis andGentiana lutea. Fitoterapia 56: 25–29
Viola U, Franz C (1989) In vitro propagation of Gentiana lutea. 37th Annu Congr on Medicinal plant research, Abstracts of short lectures and poster presentations, Braunschweig, p 115
Wagner H, Vasirian K (1974) Zur Chromatographie der Enzianbitterstoffe. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 114: 1245–1248
Wagner H, Müjizing-Vasirian K (1975) Eine chemische Wertbestimmung der Enziandroge. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 115: 1233–1239
Wagner H, Bladt S, Zgainski EM (1984) Plant drug analysis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 125–136
Weiss RF (1980) Lehrbuch der Phytotherapie. Hippocrates, Stuttgart, pp 54–57
Weiss RF (1988) Phytotherapie bei Magenbeschwerden, Aerztezeitschr Naturheilverf 29:429–436
Wenzel H (1972) Seltene Pflanzen in der Drogenkammer. Alkohol Ind 85: 24–25
Wesolowska M, Skrzypczak L, Dudzinska R (1985) RodzajGentiana L. w kulturze in vitro. Acta Pol Pharm 42: 79–83
Wichtl M (1978) Drogenanalytik und Arzneibuch kritisch betrachtet. Planta Med 34: 113–128
Zenkteler M (ed) (1984) Hodowla komörek i tkanek roslinnych. PWN, Warszawa, pl35
Zenkteler M, Zenkteler E (1987) RozmnazanieEustoma grandiflorum za pomoca kultur in vitro. Ogrodnictwo 24: 19–21
Zimmermann, W, Gaisbauer G, Gaisbauer M (1986) Wirkung von Bitterstoff-Drogen auf das darmassozüerte Immunsystem. Z Phytother 7: 56–64
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Skrzypczak, L., Wesolowska, M., Skrzypczak, E. (1993). Gentiana Species: In Vitro Culture, Regeneration, and Production of Secoiridoid Glucosides. In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 21. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77004-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77004-3_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-77006-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-77004-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive