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Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in Young Adults with Cerebral Ischemia: Emerging Issues

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Heart-Brain Interactions

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Abstract

Young adults aged less than 45 years represent only 3%–4% of all patients with ischemic stroke seen in Western countries [1, 2]. This low prevalence accounts for the paucity of available data from a limited group of referring institutions which have investigated this issue. Among young patients who suffered from a cerebral ischemic attack, atherosclerosis, the main cause of stroke in older populations, is less frequent (23%–39%) [3], and it is nearly absent in patients under 30 years [4]. Because of the wide spectrum of causes of cerebral ischemia in young populations, only a systematic diagnostic approach can improve our understanding of stroke mechanisms, which remain unknown in many cases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Divisions of Cardiology and Neurosurgery, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy

    S. Urbinati, G. Di Pasquale, A. Andreoli & G. Pinelli

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  1. S. Urbinati
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  2. G. Di Pasquale
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  3. A. Andreoli
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  4. G. Pinelli
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy

    Giuseppe Di Pasquale M.D.  & Giuseppe Pinelli M.D.  & 

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© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Urbinati, S., Di Pasquale, G., Andreoli, A., Pinelli, G. (1992). Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in Young Adults with Cerebral Ischemia: Emerging Issues. In: Di Pasquale, G., Pinelli, G. (eds) Heart-Brain Interactions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76652-7_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76652-7_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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