Abstract
After an overview of the problems of deeply submerged transducers, this paper describes the classical pressure compensation methods. Historically, early research in this area was concerned with free-flooded transducers. For ten years, new solutions for deeply submerged tonpilz transducers have been developed, the most important being the air-compensated tonpilz (with an inner or outer deformable bellows) and the composite filter tonpilz. We present here each of these solutions and their field of application in sonar arrays. More recently, a new system has been developed for a great depth low frequency flextensional transducer for which results are presented. In conclusion, we discuss prospects for future developments.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
G.W. McMahon, “Performances of open Ferroelectric ceramic cylinders in underwater transducers,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 36 (1964).
A.S. Merriweatherl, U. S. Navy Electronics Lab. Memorandum (unpublished, 6 Oct. 1961) cited by G.W. McMahon.
M.C. Junger, “A variational solution of solid and free-flooding cylindrical sound radiators of finite length,” - “Mutual and Self radiation impedances in an array of free-flooding coaxial space ring transducers,”. Technical reports, U 177–48 and U 178–48; (March 1964) Cambridge Acoustical Associates, Inc.
W.T. Chin, “Self radiation impedances of a finite free-flooding cylindrical radiator with JUNGER’S End correction,” U.S.L. Technical Memorandum N° 960–75–64, August 1964 U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory, New London CT.
D.T. Porter, “Method for computing the electrical and acoustical behavior of freeflooded cylindrical transducer array,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 44 (1968).
J.P.D. Wilkinson, and M.J. Da Costa, “Underwater Behavior of free-flooded ceramic ring transducers journal of Engineering for industry,” Transactions of the ASME, August 1971.
R.R Smith, J.T. Hunt, and D. Barach, “Finite element analysis of acoustical radiating structure with application to sonar transducer,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 55 (1974).
M.R. Knittel, C.S. Nichols, R.R. Smith, and D. Barach, “Comments on Finite element analysis of acoustically radiating structure with application to sonar transducers,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 56 (1974).
R. Bossut, “Modélisation de transducteurs piézoélectriques annulaires immergés par la méthode des éléments finis,” Thèse de doctorat 3ème cycle - Université de Valenciennes, in French (1985).
B. Dubus, “Analyse des limitations de puissance des transducteurs piézoélectriques,” Thèse Doctorat en Physique, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille, in French (1989).
B. Tocquet, “Piezoelectric transducers and acoustic antennas which can be immersed to a great depth,” US Patent N° 4151437 (1977).
B. Tocquet, C. Pohlenz, and D. Boucher,“Transducteurs piézoélectriques et antennes de sonar pouvant être immergés à grande profondeur,” Brevet FR N° 8412833 (1984).
M. Lagier, “Transducteur électroacoustique pour immersion profonde,” Brevet FR N° 7437073 (1974).
H. Louit, and R. Gagno, “Transducteur électro-acoustique de puissance conçu pour les immersions grande profondeur,” Brevet FR n° 8101440 (1981).
A.W. Elston, and G.A. Vincent, Pressure compensated transducer US Patent 3, 241, 099 (1966).
G.R. Douglas, J.H. Thompson, and R.H. Whiltaker, “Pressure compensated transducer,” US Patent 3, 263, 208 (1963).
J.R. Oswin, and A. Turner, “Design limitations of aluminium shell, Class IV flextensional transducers,” Proc. Inst. Acoustics 5, part 3, (1984).
J.R. Oswin, and J. Dunn, “Frequency, Power and depth performance of Class IV flextensional transducers,” in Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers Design (Edited by B. Hamonic and J.N. Decarpigny) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (1988).
P. Dufourcq, “Low Frequency Flextensional Transducer modelling,” Proc. of the First French Conference on Acoustics, Jour, de Physique, FASC. 2, 1, C2-611–615 (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dufourcq, P., Adda, J., Letiche, M., Sernit, E. (1991). Transducers for Great Depths. In: Hamonic, B.F., Decarpigny, JN., Wilson, O.B. (eds) Power Transducers for Sonics and Ultrasonics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76271-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76271-0_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-76273-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76271-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive