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Review myo-Inositol metabolites as cellular signals

  • Chapter
EJB Reviews 1990

Part of the book series: European Journal of Biochemistry ((EJB REVIEWS,volume 1990))

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Abstract

The discovery of the second-messenger functions of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, the products of hormone-stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, marked a turning point in studies of hormone function. This review focusses on the myo-Inositol moiety which is involved in an increasingly complex network of metabolic interconversions. myo-Inositol metabolites identified in eukaryotic cells include at least six glycerophospholipid isomers and some 25 distinct inositol phosphates which differ in the number and distribution of phosphate groups around the inositol ring. This apparent complexity can be simplified by assigning groups of myoinositol metabolites to distinct functional compartments. For example, the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase pathway functions to generate inositol phospholipids that are substrates for hormone-sensitive forms of inositolphospholipid phospholipase C, whilst the newly discovered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway generates lipids that are resistant to such enzymes and may function directly as novel mitogenic signals. Inositol phosphate metabolism functions to terminate the second-messenger activity of inositol 1,4,5- risphosphate, to recycle the latter’s myo-inositol moiety and, perhaps, to generate additional signal molecules such as inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, inositol pentakisphosphate and inositol hexakisphosphate. In addition to providing a more complete picture of the pathways of myo-inositol metabolism, recent studies have made rapid progress in understanding the molecular basis underlying hormonal stimulation of inositol-phospholipid-specific phospholipase C and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated Ca2+ mobilisation.

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Abbreviations

InsP :

inositol phosphate

PtdInsP :

phosphatidylinositol phosphate

PIC:

phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C

G-protein:

guanine-nucleotide-dependent regulatory protein

GTP[S]:

guanosine 5′ [β-thio]triphosphate

GDP[S]:

guanosine 5′–[βthio]triphosphate

PDGF:

platelet–derived growth factor

EGF:

epidermal growth factor

CSF:

colony stimulating factor

cInsiP 3 :

inositol l,2 (cyclic)phosphate

cInsiP 3 :

inositol l,2(cyclic)phosphate 4,5-bisphosphate

ADP[S]:

adenosine 5′–[β thio]triphosphate.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, The University of Dundee, Scotland

    C. Peter Downes & Colin H. Macphee

  2. Smith Kline & Beecham Ltd, The Frythe, Welwyn, England

    C. Peter Downes & Colin H. Macphee

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  1. Biochemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Germany

    P. Christen

  2. Institut für Biochemie der Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 16, O-7010, Leipzig, Germany

    E. Hofmann

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Downes, C.P., Macphee, C.H. (1990). Review myo-Inositol metabolites as cellular signals. In: Christen, P., Hofmann, E. (eds) EJB Reviews 1990. European Journal of Biochemistry, vol 1990. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76168-3_14

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