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Novel Calcium-Binding Proteins pp 65–103Cite as

The S-100 Protein Family: A Biochemical and Functional Overview

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Abstract

The intracellular Ca2+ concentration is closely regulated in eukaryotic cells. The concentration of Ca2+ transiently increases from a basal level of approximately 0.1 μM as a result of both flux into the cell of extracellular Ca2+ or release of intracellular Ca2+ stores. This increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by 10- to 100-fold functions as an important second messenger signal which may be transduced by a variety of pathways to produce a Ca2+-mediated physiological response in the cell. The signal of increased intracellular Ca2+ needs to be transduced to a wide variety of cellular proteins or effector molecules in various subcellular compartments. These subcellular compartments have differing Ca2+ concentrations. The targets of the signal of increased Ca2+ differ dependent upon the cell type. The S-100 proteins are expressed in a cell-type specific fashion and, therefore, are excellent candidates to function as cell-type specific transducers of the signal of increased intracellular Ca2+. Cell-cycle progression, differentiation and a number of specific cellular physiological responses have been demonstrated to be dependent upon changes in the intracellular or subcellular compartment Ca2+ concentration. The S-100 proteins may function as cell-type specific and cell-cycle specific mediators of the Ca2+ signal.

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Authors
  1. Dana C. Hilt
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  2. Douglas Kligman
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  1. Department of Pediatrics Division of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zürich, Steinwiesstraße 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland

    Claus W. Heizmann

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Hilt, D.C., Kligman, D. (1991). The S-100 Protein Family: A Biochemical and Functional Overview. In: Heizmann, C.W. (eds) Novel Calcium-Binding Proteins. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76150-8_6

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