Skip to main content

Studies of Bonding and Reaction on Metal Surfaces Using Second-Harmonic and Sum-Frequency Generation

  • Chapter
Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VIII

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Surface Sciences ((SSSUR,volume 22))

Abstract

Over the past 10 years there has been a resurgence in efforts to develop nonlinear optical techniques for studies of surfaces and interfaces. Chief among these techniques are second-harmonic generation (SHG) and ir-visible sum-frequency generation (SFG). These second-order nonlinear processes offer several advantages. They are inherently sensitive only to the interfacial region between centrosymmetric media. This is because, in the electric dipole approximation, these processes are forbidden in the bulk of such media but are allowed at the interface where the symmetry is broken. Thus, so-called buried interfaces, i.e. surfaces under liquids, high pressure gases, and even other solids, may be investigated. In addition, with sufficiently short-duration laser excitation, these techniques have the potential to provide sub-picosecond time resolution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G.L. Richmond, J.M. Robinson, V.L. Shannon; Prog. Surf. Sci. 28, 1 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Y.R. Shen: In “Chemistry and Structure at Interfaces: New Laser and Optical Techniques”, ed. by R.B. Hall, A.B. Ellis (VCH, Deerfield Beach, Florida 1986), p. 151;

    Google Scholar 

  3. Y.R. Shen: “Principles of Nonlinear Optics” (Wiley, New York 1984)

    Google Scholar 

  4. N. Bloembergen, P.S. Pershan: Phys. Rev. 128, 606 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Ducuing, N. Bloembergen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 474 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. F. Brown, R.E. Parks, AM. Sleeper: Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 1029 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. F. Brown, R.E. Parks: Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 507 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. S.S. Jha: Phys. Rev. 140, A2020 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. N. Bloembergen, Y.R. Shen: Phys. Rev. 141, 298 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. CH. Lett, RJC. Chang, N. Bloembergen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 167 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Sonnenberg, H. Heffner: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 209 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. C.C. Wang, A.N. Duminiski: Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 688 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. C.C. Wang: Phys. Rev. 178, 1457 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. N. Bloembergen, R.K. Chang, S.S. Jha, CM. Lee: Phys. Rev. 174, 813 (1968) ; 178, 1528E (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. F. Brown, M. Matsuoka: Phys. Rev. 185, 985 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. J.M. Chen, J.R. Bower, C.S. Wang, C.H. Lee: Opt. Commun. 9, 132 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  17. C.K. Chen, T.F. Heinz, D. Ricard, Y.R. Shen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 1010 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. C.K. Chen, T.F. Heinz, D. Ricard, Y.R. Shen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 478 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. D. Guidotti, T.A. Driscoll, HJ. Gerriberr: Solid State Commun. 46, 337 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. H.W.K. Tom, G.D. Aumiller: Phys. Rev. B 33, 189 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. P. Guyot-Sionnest, W. Chen, Y.R. Shen: Phys. Rev. B 33 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. Rudnick, E.A. Stem: Phys. Rev. B 4, 4274 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Guyot-Sionnest et al. have shown using macroscopic formalisms that structural asymmetry and field discontinuity at an interface contribute separately to the optical nonlinearity of the interface [6.19]. If the refractive indices of the bulk media are not matched, there is a field variation that produces a non-local response involving not only an electric dipole contribution, but all the multipole contributions. Structural asymmetry contributes a local nonlinear polarization, represented by a electric-dipole allowed surface nonlinear susceptibility. Structural asymmetry contributes roughly as much as the field discontinuity. This was shown in a series of investigations in which the SH response of a surface in air was compared to that of the surface under an index-matched fluid [6.22]

    Google Scholar 

  24. P. Guyot-Sionnest, Y.R. Shen: unpublished results

    Google Scholar 

  25. J.E. Sipe, V.C.Y. So, M. Fukui, G.I. Stegeman: Phys. Rev. B 21, 4389 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Corvi, W.L. Schaich: Phys. Rev. B 33, 3688 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Weber, A. Liebsch: Phys. Rev. B 35, 7411 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Weber, A. Liebsch: Phys. Rev. B 37, 1019 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. A. Chizmeshya, E. Zaremba: Phys. Rev. B 37, 2805 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. R. Murphy, M. Yeganch, KJ. Song, E.W. Plummer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 318 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J.R. Bower: Phys. Rev. B 14, 2427 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. G.T. Boyd, Y.R. Shen, T.W. Hänsch: Opt. Lett. 11, 97 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. Miragliotta, T.E. Furtak: Phys. Rev. B 37, 1028

    Google Scholar 

  34. C.V. Shank, R. Yen, C. Hirlimann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 900 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. T.F. Heinz, G. Arjavalingam, M.T. Loy, J.H. Glownia: In Proc. of the XIV Int. Quantum Electronics Conference, June 9–13, 1986, San Francisco, CA. Paper THII 1

    Google Scholar 

  36. G. Arjavalingam, T.F. Heinz, J.H. Glownia: In Ultrafast Phenomena V, ed. by G.R. Fleming, A.E. Siegman (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1986), p. 370

    Google Scholar 

  37. H.W.K. Tom: In Advances in Laser Science, 11. AIP Conference Proceedings Series No. 180, ed. by W.C. Stwalley, M. Lapp, G.A. Kenney-Wallace, AIP, NY (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  38. H.W.K. Tom, G.D. Aumiller, C.H. Brito-Cruz: Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1438 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. T.F. Heinz: P. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  40. H.W.K. Tom: P. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  41. R.K. Chang, J. Ducuing, N. Bloembergen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 15, 6 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. T.F. Heinz, K. Kemnitz, K. Bhattacharyya, J.M. Hicks, G. Pinto, K.B. Eisenthal: In the Proc. of the XV Int. Conf.. on Quantum Electronics, Baltimore, MD, 1987, Paper W664

    Google Scholar 

  43. K. Kemnitz, K. Bhattaeharyya, J.M. Hicks, G.R. Pinto, K.B. Eisenthal, T.F. Heinz: Chem. Phys. Lett. 131, 285 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. P.D. Maker, R.W. Terhune, M. Nisenoff, C.M. Sauvage: Phys. Rev. Lett. 8, 21 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. JJ. Wynne, N. Bloembergen: Phys. Rev. 188, 1211 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. J.C. Quail, H.C. Simon: Phys. Rev. B 31, 4900 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. A. Liebsch, W.L. Schaich: Phys. Rev. B (to be published)

    Google Scholar 

  48. WL. Schaich, A. Liebsch: Phys. Rev. B 37, 6187 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. H.W.K. Tom, C.M. Mate, XD. Zhu, J.E. Crowell, T.F. Heinz, G.A. Somorjai, Y.R. Shen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 348 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. H.W.K. Tom, C.M. Mate, X.D. Zhu, JE. Crowell, Y.R. Shen, G.A. Somorjai: Surf. Sci. 172, 466 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. S.G. Grubb, A.M. DeSantolo, R.B. Hall: J. Phys. Chem. 92, 1419

    Google Scholar 

  52. R.J.M. Anderson, J.C. Hamilton: Chem. Phys. Lett. 151, 455 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. R.J.M. Anderson, J.C. Hamilton: Bull, of the Am. Phys. Soc. 33, 387 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  54. CM. Mate, G.A. Somorjai, H.W.K. Tom, X.D. Zhu, Y.R. Shen: J. Chem. Phys. 88, 441 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Z. Rosenzweig, M. Asscher: Surf. Sci., to be published

    Google Scholar 

  56. D. Heskett, K.J. Song, A. Burns, E.W. Plummer, H.L. Dai: J. Chem. Phys. 85, 7490 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. D. Heskett, L.E. Urbach, K J. Song, E.W. Plummer, H.L. Dai: Surf. Sci. 197, 225 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. K.J. Song, D. Heskett, H.L. Dai, A. Liebsch, E.W. Plummer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 61,1380 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. X.D. Zhu, Y.R. Shen, R. Carr: Surf. Sci. 163, 114 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. J.M. Chen, J.R. Bower, C.S. Wang, C.M. Lee: Opt. Commun. 2, 132 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. X.D. Zhu, Th. Rasing, Y.R. Shen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 2883 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. J.N. Russell, R.B. Hall: to be published

    Google Scholar 

  63. R.B. Hall, A.M. Desantolo: Surf. Sci. 137, 421 (1984);

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. R.B. Hall, A.M. Desantolo, S J. Bares: Surf. Sci. 161, L533 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Lee J. Richter, W. Ho: J. Chem. Phys. 83, 2869 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  66. L. Melander, W.H. Saunders, Jr.: Reaction Rates of Isotopic Molecules (Wiley, New York 1980)

    Google Scholar 

  67. P.J. Robinson, K.A. Holbrook: Unimolecular Reactions (Wiley, New York 1972)

    Google Scholar 

  68. S.M. Gates, J.N. Russell, Jr., J.T. Yates, Jr.: Surf. Sci. 146, 199 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lee J. Richter, W. Ho: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A3, 1549 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  70. R.B. Hall, S J. Bares, A.M. Dantolo, F. Zaera: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A4, 1493 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  71. J. Miragliotta, R.S. Polizzotti, P. Rabinowitz, S.D. Cameron, R.B. Hall: Chem. Phys. 143, 123 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. T. Heinz, H.W.K. Tom, Y.R. Shen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 478 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. B. Dick, R.M. Hochstrasser: J. Chem. Phys. 78, 3398 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. K. Geisen, F. Hage, HJ. Reiss, W. Steinmann, R. Haight, R. Beigang, R. Dreyfus, Ph. Avouris, FJ. Himpsel: Physica Scripta 35, 578 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. J.M. Hicks, E. Urbach, E.W. Plummer, Hai-Lung Dai: Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2588 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. K. Giesen, F. Hage, FJ. Himpsel, HJ. Riess, W. Steinmann: Phys. Rev. B 33, 5241 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. F.J. Himpsel, D.E. Eastman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 507 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. D. Guidotti, T.A. Driscoll, HJ. Gerritsen: Solid State Comm. 46, 337 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. H.W.K. Tom, T.F. Heinz, Y.R. Shen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1983 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. J.A. Litwin, J.E. Sipe, H.M. van Driel: Phys. Rev. B 31, 5543 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. T.F. Heinz, M.M.T. Loy, W.A. Thompson: Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 63 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. C.V. Shank, R. Yen, C. Hirlimann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 900 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. H.W.K. Tom, G.D. Aumiller, C.H. Brito-Cruz: Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1438 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. H.W.K. Tom, G.D. Aumiller: Phys. Rev. B 33, 8818 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. V.L. Shannon, D.A. Koos, G.L. Richmond: J. Phys. Chem. 91, 5548 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. J.E. Sipe, DJ. Moss, H.M. van Driel: Phys. Rev. B 35, 1129 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. J.F. McGilp, Y. Yeh: Solid State Commun. 59, 91 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. J.F. McGilp, J. Vac: Sci. Tech. A 5, 1442 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. V.L. Shannon, D.A. Koos, G.L. Richmond: Appl. Opt. 26, 3579 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. V.L. Shannon, D.A. Koos, G.L. Richmond: J. Phys. Chem. 91, 5548 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. VL. Shannon, D.A. Koos, S.A. Kellar, G.L. Richmond: J. Phys. Chem. (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  92. X.D. Zhu, Hajo Suhr, Y.R. Shen: Phys. Rev. B 35, 3047 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. J.H. Hunt, P. Guyot-Sionnest, Y.R. Shen: Chem. Phys. Lett. 133, 189 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. P. Guyot-Sionnest, J.H. Hunt, Y.R. Shen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1597 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. R. Superfine, P. Guyot-Siormest, J.H. Hunt, C.T. Kao, Y.R. Shen: Surf. Sci. 200, L445 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. A.L. Harris, C.E.D. Chidsey, NJ. Levinos, D.N. Lioaeono: Chem. Phys. Lett. 141,350 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. D.C. Nguyen, R.E. Muenchausen, R.A. Keller, N.S. Nogar: Opt. Commun. 60, 111 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. P. Rabinowitz, B.N. Perry, N. Levinos: J. Quantum Electron. 22, 797 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. H. Graener, A. Laubereau: Appl. Phys. B29, 213 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. J. Miragliotta, R.S. Polizzotti, P. Rabinowitz, S.D. Cameron, R.B. Hall: Chem. Phys., to be published

    Google Scholar 

  101. R. Klauer, W. Spiess, A.M. Bradshaw: J. Elect. Spec, and Rel. Phen. 38, 187 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. J.D. Fedyak, MJ. Dignam: In ACS Symp. Series No J 37, ed. by A.T. Bell, Mi. Hair (Am. Chem. Soc. 1980), Chap. 5

    Google Scholar 

  103. R.G. Tobin, S. Chiang, P.A. Thieland, P.L. Richards: Surf. Sci. 140, 393 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. R.G. Shigeishi, D.A. King: Surf. Sci. 58, 379 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. A. Ortega, F.M. Hoffmann, A.M. Bradshaw: Surf. Sci. 119, 79 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. M. Trenary, K.J. Uram, F. Bozso, J.T. Yates, Jr.: Surf. Sci. 146, 269 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. J.W. Gadzuk, A.C. Luntz: Surf. Sci. 144, 429 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. R.G. Tobin: Surf. Sci. 183, 226 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. R.M. Shelby, C.B. Harris, P.A. Cornelius: J. Chem. Phys. 70, 34 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. F.M. Hoffmann, B.NJ. Persson: Phys. Rev. B34, 4354 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  111. J.D. Beckerle, M.P. Cassassa, R.R. Cavanagh, EJ. Heilweil, J.S. Stephenson: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2090 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. J.C. Tracy: J. Chem. Phys. 56, 2736 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. J.E. Demuth, H. Ibach: Chem. Phys. Lett. 60, 395 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. L.J. Richter, W. Ho: J. Chem. Phys. 83, 2569 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. R. Ryberg: Chem. Phys. Lett. 83, 423 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. R. Ryberg: Phys. Rev. B 31, 2545 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. I.R. Hill, I.W. Levin: J. Chem. Phys. 70, 842 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. F.L. Baudais, A J. Borschke, J D. Fedyk, MJ. Dignam: Surf. Sci. 100, 210 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. J. Hrbek, R.A. Daola, F.M. Hoffmann: J. Chem. Phys. 81, 2818 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. K. Christmann, J.E. Demuth: J. Chem. Phys. 76, 6318 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. R.B. Greenler: J. Chem. Phys. 44, 310 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. A. Serrallach, R. Meyer, Hs.H. Gunthard: J. Molec. Spectrosc. 52, 94 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. A.L. Harris, NJ. Levinos: J. Chem. Phys. 90, 3878 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hall, R.B., Russell, J.N., Miragliotta, J., Rabinowitz, P.R. (1990). Studies of Bonding and Reaction on Metal Surfaces Using Second-Harmonic and Sum-Frequency Generation. In: Vanselow, R., Howe, R. (eds) Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VIII. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 22. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75762-4_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75762-4_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-75764-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75762-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics