Skip to main content

Physical Geomorphology

  • Chapter
Theoretical Geomorphology
  • 346 Accesses

Abstract

Geomorphology, in its widest sense, is that branch of the geosciences which concerns itself with the development of the surface features of the Earth. In a more restrictive sense, geomorphology is the science of those surface features whose shape is primarily determined by the action of exogenic rocesses, i.e., of processes which originate outside the solid Earth. It is with this latter concept of geomorphology that we shall concern ourselves. In contrast, the endogenic processes, i.e., the processes originating inside the solid Earth, are the subject of geodynamics, and have been treated by the writer in a separate volume (Scheidegger 1982a).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abt, P. et al.: Geogr. Helv. 26 (3), 115 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J.: Geology 8, 442 (1980a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. Pt. II 91 (1), 1 (1980b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahnert, F.: Am. J. Sei. 284, 1035 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ai, N.S., B. Lui and J. Zitou: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 63, 169 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alden, W.C.: U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 273, 18 (1905)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alean, J.C.: Untersuchungen iiber Entstehuiigsbedingungen und Reichweiten von Eislawinen. Zurich: Vers. Anst. Wasserb. (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, C.S.: Calif, Geogr. 3, 131 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, C.S.: Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 56 (1), 128 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, D.E.: Mathemat. Geol. 12 (1), 79 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Amark, M .: Geolog. Foren. Stockholm Forh. 108(1), 13 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, M.G.: Water Resour. Res. 9 (2), 378 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Aniya, M.: Z. Geomorph. 29 (3), 301 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Araya-Vergara, J.F.: Not. Geomorf. 17 (33), 19 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Araya-Vergara, J.F.: J. Coastal Res. 2 (2), 159 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Argialas, D., J.G. Lyon, and O.W. Mintzer: Photogram. Eng. 54 (4) 505 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • Arrhenius, G.: Rept. Swedish Deep Sea Exp. 5, 1 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  • Asworth, P.J. and R.I. Ferguson: Geografiska Ann. 68A (4), 361 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Audley-Charles, M.G., J.R. Curray and G. Evans: Geology 5, 341 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagnold, R.A.: The physics of blown sand and desert dunes. London: Muthuen (1941)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, V.R .: Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 9th, 3205 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, V.R.: J. Geoph. Res. 84 (B14), 7985 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bally, A.: J. Alberta Soc. Petrol. Geol. 5, 89 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bar, O.: Geogr. Helv. 12 (1), 1 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, K.K. and H.P. Johnson: Agr. Eng. 37, 813 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, B.F. (ed.): Sinkholes, their geology, engineering and environmental impact. Proc. Conf. Orlando, Florida, Rotterdam: Balkema (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender, H.: Die Hohle 20 (1), I (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, C.A.: Antarctic J. U.S. 4 (5), 217 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Berge, C.: Theorie des graphes et ses applications. Paris: Dunod (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Besler, H., and G. Gerster: Bild d. Wiss. 1985 (5), 38 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Best, J.L.: Progr. Phys. Geogr. 10 (2), 157 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigelow, G.E.: Z. Geomorph. 26 (2), 225 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, E.C.F.: Coasts, Cambridge Mass.: MIT Press (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim: Mar Geol. 23, 155 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackman, R.B. and J.W. Tukey: The measurement of power spectra. New York: Dover (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackwelder, E.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 45, 159 (1934)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, A.L.: Z. Geomorph. 9, 422 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boggs, S.: Geology 2 (5), 251 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boots, B.N. and R.K. Burns: J. Glaciol. 30 (106), 302 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boulton, G.S.: Sedimentology 33 (5), 677 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouma, A.M., and A. Brouwer (ed.): Turbidities, developments in sedimentology, Vol. 3, Amsterdam: Elsevier (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, C.J.R.: Progr. Phys. Geogr. 6 (4), 505 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Breadnell, H.J.L.: Geogr. J. 35, 379 (1910)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, H.: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 54, 11 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brice, J.C.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 85, 581 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, H.E., E.A. Hansen and N. Champagne: Water Resour. Res. 6, 818 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M.C.: Water Resour. Res. 9 (3), 749 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S.R.: Geoph. Res. Lett. 14 (11), 1095 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunsden, D. and R.H. Kesel: J. Geol. 81, 576 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, R.B. and A.G. Price: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 34, 48 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, R.B. and A. Yair (ed.): Badland geomorphology and piping, Norwich: Geobooks (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Buedel, J.: Klima-Geomorphologie, Berlin, Borntraeger (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Buedel, J.: Climatic geomorphology, Princeton: univ. Press (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bull, B.: Progr. Phys. Geogr. 1 (2), 227 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrough, P.A.: Nature 294, 240 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R.F. and D.E. Walling (ed.): Erosion and sediment yield, Norwich: Geohooks 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Callander, R.A.: Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 10, 129 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Carson, M.A. and M.F. Lapointe: J. Geol. 92, 41 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Carton, A., F. Dramis and M. Sorriso-Salvo: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 63, 149 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Castaing, P. and J.M. Froidefond: Bull. Inst. Geol. Bass. Aquitaine 24, 131 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cauchy, L.A.: Oevres Compl. Ser. 1, 2, 167 (1832)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, T.P. and G.H. Toebes: Water Resour. Res. 6 (2), 537 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlesworth, J.K.: The Quaternary Era, 2 vols. London: E. Arnold & Co. (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlier, R.H.: Z. Geomorph. 12 (4), 375 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chorley, R.J.: J. Glaciol. 3, 339 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Christofoletti, A.: Bol. Geogr. Teor. Rio Claro 13 (26), 27 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Christofoletti, A. and A.C. Tavares: Geografia 1 (2), 67 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, G.K.C.: J. Geophys. Res. 92 (B9), 9023 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, G.K.C. and 3 others: J. Geophys. Res. 91 (B7), 7165 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, K.C.: Comput. Geosci. 12 (5), 713 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, T.L., W.L. Stubblefield and D.J.P. Swift: J. Qeol. 91 (1), 93 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, K.: Coastal Geomorphology, London: Macmillan (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffman, D.M., A.K. Turner and W.N. Melhofn: The W.A.T.E.R. system: computer programs for stream analysis. Lafayette: Purdue Univ. Water Resources Res. Ctr. (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohenour, R.E.: Second Symp. Salt, Northern Ohio, Geol. Soc. 1, 201 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J.M.: Deltas, processes of deposition and models for exploration. Minneapolis: Burgess Pub. Co. (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbel, J.: Z. Geomorph. 3, 1 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Crickmay, C.H.: J. Geol. 68, 377 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Crofton, M.W.: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. 158, 181 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Culbertson, J.K. and C.H. Scott: U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 7008, B 237 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Damuth, J.E. and R.W. Embley: Sedimentology 26, 825 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dangeard, L. et al.: Rev. Geogr. Phys. Geol. Dyn. Ser. 4, 251 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W.N.: Die erklarende Beschreibung der Landformen. 2nd edn. Leipzig: Teubner (1924)

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, M.: Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 73 (2), 206 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • De Almeida, F.F.M. (ed.): Simposio Internacional sobre las mergens contentais de tipo atlantico. Sao Paulo: Acad. Brasil. de Ciencias (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Defant, A.: Physical Oceanography. 2 vols. London: Pergamon (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Deike, G.H. and W.B. White: Am. J. Sci. 267 (2), 230 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Deluca, F.P.: Compass 45 (4), 236 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Denton, G.D. and 3 others: Geology 12 (5), 263 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, G.: Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. Erg.-H. B, No. 3, 26 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietz, R.S.: New Sci. 4, 946 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dionne, J.C. and C. Laverdiere: Can. J. Earth Sci. 9 (8), 979 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolling, R.: Ontario Geogr. 2, 3 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Doornkamp, J.C.: J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 143 (2), 335 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Doornkamp, J.C. and C.A.M. King: Numerical Analysis of geomorphology London: Arnold (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorn, R.I. and T.M. Oberlander: Progr. Phys. Geogr. 6 (3), 317 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Drewry, D.: Glacial geological processes. London: Arnold (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreybrodt, W.: Earth and Planet. Sci. Let. 58 (2), 293 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dylik, J. and G.C. Maarleveld: Meded. Geol. Sticht 18, 7 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunkerley, D.L .: Geogr. Anal. 9(4), (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunkerley, D.L.: Z. Geomorph. 23 (3), 332 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunkerley, D.L.: Z. Geomorph. 24 (1), 52 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, G.P.: J. Geol. 72, 1 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, R. and B. Weinberg: J. Sediment. Petrol. 40 (1), 205 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eittreim, S., E.M. Thoradike and L. Sullivan: Deep Sea Res. 23, 1115 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Elbersen, W.: ITC Journal 4, 322 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellenberg, L.: Z. Geomorph. 26 (1), 103 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmendorf, C.H. and B.C. Heezen: Bull. Syst. Tech. J., 36, 1047 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Embley, R.W. and R.D. Jacobi: Mar. Geotech. 2, 205 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Embley, R.W. and 4 others: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. Pt. I, 91, 731 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, C.G. and R.P. Sharp: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 69, 478 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelen, G. and W. Huybrechts: Catena 8, 239 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ergenzinger, P. and J. Conrady: Catena 9, 77 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewing, M. et al.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 75, 17 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyles, N.: Glacial Geol. Oxford: Pergamon (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabre, G. and G. Nicod: Z. Geomorph. 26 (2), 209 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairbridge, R.W.: In: Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, ed. R.W. Fairbridge, p. 279, New York: Reinhold (1968a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairbridge, R.W.: In: Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, ed. R.W. Fairbridge, p. 325, New York: Reinhold (1968b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairbridge, R.W., and Finkl, C.W.: J. Geol. 88, 69 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, R.I.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 84, 251 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkl, C.W.: Z. Geomorph. 26 (2), 137 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R.V.: J. Geophys. Res. 69, 341 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R.V.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 88, 1287 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Flint, R.F.: Glacial and Pleistocene geology. New York: J. Wiley & Sons (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Foose, R.M.: Geotimes 26 (8), 20 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, T.D. and C.H.D. Cullingford: The science of speleology. New York: Academic press (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fournier, F.: Debit solide des course d’eau. Paper presented at the 12th General Assembly, Assoc. of Scientific Hydrology, U.G.G.I., Helsinki (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • French, H.M.: Geogr. Ann 86A (3), 167 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Furrer, G.J.: Die Hohenlage von subnivalen Bodenformen. Habilitationsschrift Phil. Fak. II, Univ. Zurich. Pfaffikon ZH: Kunz (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardiner, V.: In: Geomorphological Techniques, ed. Goudie et al. p. 47, London: Allen & Unwin (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardiner, V. and C.C. Park: Prog. Phys. Geogr. 2 (1), 1 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J.S.: Arctic and Alp. Res. 2 (2), 135 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J.S.: Z. Geomorph. 15 (4), 390 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J.S.: Arct. Alp. Res. 15 (2), 271 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gendzwill, D.J.: Musk-ox 32, 1 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerber, E.: Geogr. Helv. 11, 160 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerber, E.: Mitt. Aargauischen Naturforsch. Ges. 26, 86 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerber, E. and A.E. Scheidegger: Eclogae Geol. Helv. 62 (2), 401 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerber, E. and A.E. Scheidegger: Riv. Ital. Geofis. 2 (1), 47 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerber, E. and A.E. Scheidegger: Verh. Geol. Bundes-Anst. Wien 1977 (2), 165 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, A.K. and A.E. Scheidegger: J. Hydrol. 13, 101 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Giardino, J.R. and S.G. Vick: Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geol. 22 (2), 201 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, W.M.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 71, 1087 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaeser, J.D.: J. Geol. 86 (3), 283 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, H.R.: Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Spec. Publ. 2, 34 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, R.S., D.P. Dubois and C.W. Tutwiler: J. San. Eng. Div., ASCE 92 (SA), 55 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, K.J.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 88 (8), 1075 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, K.J.: Water Resour. Res. 15 (4), 775 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregov, G.: Riv. Ital. Geofis. 3, 97 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Guilcher, A.: Coastal and submarine morphology ( Transl. from French) London: Methuen & Co. (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadley, R.F. and D.E. Walling (eds): Erosion and sediment yield. Norwich: Geobooks (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haeberli, W.: Creep of mountain permafrost: internal structure and flow of Alpine rock glaciers. Zurich:Mitt. vers. Anst. Wasserb. & c. d. ETH Nr. 77 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haeberli, W. and F. Epifani: Ann. Glaciol. 8, 78 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haigh, M.J.: Catena Suppl. 10, 181 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakanson, L.: Math. Geol. 10 (2), 141 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakanson, L.: Z. Geomorph. 25 (4), 369 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hambrey, M.J. and A.G. Milnes: Ecologae Geol. Helv. 70 (3), 667 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauner, U.: Eiszeitalter u. Gegenw. 35, 205 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawksley, P.G.: Bull. Br. Coal. Util. Res. Ass. 15, 105 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedges, J.: Z. Geomorph. 13 (1), 22 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedin, S.: Central Asia and Tibet, Vol. 1, see p. 350. London (1903)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heezen, B.C.: Bol. Soc. Geogr. Colombia 51 /52, 135 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heezen, B.C.: Ecologae Geol. Helv. 51, 521 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heezen, B.C.: Geoph. J. R. Astr. Soc. 2, 142 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heezen, B.C. and M. Rawson: Mar. Geol. 23, 173 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heezen, B.C., D.B. Ericson and M. Ewing: Deep Sea Res. 1, 193 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holdsworth, G.: Can. J. Earth Sci. 10 (10), 1565 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holeman, J.N.: Water Resour. Res. 4, 737 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, A.: Principles of physical geology, London: T. Nelson & Sons (1944)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooke, J.M.: J. Hydrol. 42, 39 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooke, J.M.: Progr. Phys. Geogr. 8 (4), 473 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoormann, K.: Morphometrie der Erdoberflache, Kiel: Verl. Geogr. Inst. Univ. (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton, R.E.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 56, 275 (1945)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hovermann, J.: Kiel. Geogr. Schr. 62, 145 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, A.D.: Caves and Karst 13 (1), 1 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubert, J.F.: Geology 8 (11), 516 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ignatius, H.: C.R. Soc. Geol. Finland 30, 135 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Iken, A.: Velocity fluctuations of an Arctic valley glacier. Ottawa: National Research Council Canada (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglis, C.C.: The behaviour and control of rivers and canals. Poona: Res. Pub. Centr. Waterpower, Irrigation and Navigation Res. Stat. (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Inman, D.L. and C.E. Nordstrom: J. Geol. 79, 1 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakucs, L.: Morphogenetics of karst regions, Letchworth ( England ): Adam Hilger (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W.R. and W.C. Krumbein: J. Geol. 77, 544 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis, R.J.: Water Resour. Res. 8 (5), 1265 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis, R.J.: Water Resour. Res. 12 (6), 1151 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, J.N.: Karst Geomorphology, 2nd edn. London: Black well (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jessen, O.: Peterm. Geogr. Mitt. Erg. h. 241, 1 (1943)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D.W.: Shore processes and shoreline development. New York: Wiley (1919)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P.G.: J. Glaciol. 11 (62), 227 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P.G.: Proc. Yorksh. Geol. Soc. 40 (2), 223 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P.G.: Z. Geomorph. 28 (2), 235 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Julian, P.R.: Water Resour. Res. 3 (3), 831 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalin, M.: The active push moraine of the Thompson Glacier, Ottawa: Nat. Res. Counc. Canada Proj. A-2662 Report (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kastens, K.A. and A.N. Shor: Mar. Geol. 71, 165 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellerhals, R., M. Church and D.K. Bray: J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 102 (HY7), 813 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelletat, D.: Catena 12, 255 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerschner, H.: Das Daun- und das Egesen-Stadium in ausgewahlten Talern der Zentralalpen von Nordtirol und Graubiinden. Ph.D. Diss Nordtirol und Graubiinden. Ph.D. Diss. Univ. Innsbruck (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kheoruenromne, I., W.E. Sharp and L.R. Gradner: Water Resour. Res. 12 (5), 919 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, C.: Rev. Geol. Dyn. Geogr. Phys. 26 (2), 95 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M.: Catena 8, 281 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Knighton, A.D.: Catena 9, 25 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Koestler, A.: Janus, a summing-Up., London: Hutchinson (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolstrup, E.: Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 56, 237 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolstrup, E.: Z. Geomorph. 31 (4), 449 (1987a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolstrup, E.: Dan. Geol. Forening. Arsskr. for 1986, 67 (1987b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolstrup, E. and J.B. Jorgensen: Bull. Geol. Soc. Denmark 30, 71 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolstrup, E. and V. Mejdahl: Boreas 15, 311 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Komar, P.D.: J. Geol. 92, 133 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Konzewitsch, N.: La Forma de los Clastos. Buenos Aires: Servicio Hidrograf. Naval (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause, D.C. and 3 others: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 81, 2153 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krcho, J.: Geograf. Cas. Bratislava 38 (2/3), 210 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krumbein, W.C. and F. Pettijohn: Manual of sedimentary petrography, London: Appleton-Century (1938)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuenen, P.H.: Marine geology, New York: J. Wiley and Sons (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A.: Z. Geomorph. 25 (4), 391 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacombe, H.: Deep-Sea Res. 6, 211 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix, A.: La montagne Pelee et ses eruptions. Paris: Masson & Cie. (1904)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, A.: Wasserwirtsch. 72 (4), 1 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lassila, M.: Z. Geomorph. 30 (2), 129 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughton, A.S.: Deep Sea Res. 15, 2 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Laverdiere, C, P. Guimont and J.C. Dionne: Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 51 (1-4), 365 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leatherman, S.P.: Barrier Island Handbook (2nd edn.) Charlotte, N.C.: Coastal Publications (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leatherman, S.P.: Shore and beach 1983(7), 28 (10983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, L.J.: Z. Geomorph. 21 (1), 37 (1977a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, L.J.: J. Hydrol. 33, 123 (1977b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, L.J. and B.L. Henson: Rev. Geomorph. Dynam. 16, 29 (1977a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, L.J. and B.L. Henson: Water Resour. Res. 13 (6), 1006 (1977b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, L.B.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 84, 1845 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, L.B. and W.B. Bull: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 123 (2), 168 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, L.B. and T. Maddock: U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 252, 1 (1953)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, L.B. and H.E. Skibitzke: Geogr. Ann. 49A, 2 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, L.B. and M.G. Wolman: U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 282-B (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, L.B. and M.G. Wolman: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 71, 769 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y.H., H. Teraoka, T.S. Yang and J.S. Chen: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 1561 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lliboutry, L.J.: Glaciol. 13 (69), 371 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Longman, M.W. and D.N. Brownlee: Z. Geomorph. 24 (3), 299 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy, S., D. Schertzer and P. Ladoy: Nature 319, 43 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mabbutt, J.A.: Desert landforms. Cambrige, Mass.: MIT Press (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Machatschek, F.: Geomorphologie. 5th edn. Leipzig: Teubner (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, J.R.: Geograph. Bull. 13, 5 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbrot, B.B.: Science 156, 606 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbrot, B.B.: The fractal geometry of nature, San Francisco: Freeman (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marin, A.F. and M.J. Riguidel: Elements de morphologie generalisee; Notes et Mem. Comp. Fran?. Petroles Paris 14, 1 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mark, D.M.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 84, 1369 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, B.: Geology 15, 945 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, P. and M.C. Brown: Can. J. Earth Sci. 11 (4), 510 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, J.D. et al.: Geotimes 26 (3), 14 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Matyas, E.L.: Can. J. Earth Sci. 21, 1156 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, H.E.: Water Resour. Res. 6 (1), 303 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mc Cave, I.N.: Bull. Inst. Geol. Bassin d’Aquitaine 31 - 32, 47 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mc Coy, R.M.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 82, 757 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meade, R.H.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 80, 1265 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Melton, M.A.: J. Geol. 66, 35 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Menard, H.W.: Experientia (Basel) 15, No. 6, 205 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Menzies, J.: Drumlins: a bibliography. Norwich: Geobooks (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Menzies, J.: Can. J. Earth Sci. 23 (6), 774 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesolella, K.J., H.A. Sealy and R.K. Matthews: Bull. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. 54 (10), 1899 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meybeck, M.: Hydrol. Sci. Bull. 21 (2), 265 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, T.P. and R.L. Smith: Geology 5 (3), 173 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, H.H.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. Part I, 91, 637 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Milton, L.E. and CD. Oilier: J. Hydrol. 3, 66 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Molnia, B.F.: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 57, 141 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, G.T. and D.O. Asquith: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 82, 2563 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Morandi, M.C., A. Del Grosso and B. Limonelli: Geol. Appl. Indrogeol. (Bari) 9 (1), 7 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Morisawa, M.: Streams, their dynamics and morphology. New York: Mc Graw-Hill (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Morisawa, M.E.: Rivers, form and process. London: Longman (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, F.: Medd. Grønl. 153 (3), 1 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, J.E.: Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 58 (2), 371 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Murai, I.: Bull. Earthque. Res. Inst. 39, 133 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakaya, U.: Snow crystals: natural and artificial. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, F.E.: Catena 12, 23 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumayr, M. and F.E. Suess: Erdgeschichte, 3rd. edn. Stuttgart: Bibliogr. Inst. (1920)

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell, N.D.: Sci. Am. 226 (6), 54 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, M.M.: J. Sediment. Petrol. 47 (3), 1171 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Normark, W.R. and D.J.W. Piper: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 80 (9), 1859 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyberg, R.: Geogr. Ann. 68A (3), 207 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmori, H.: Bull. Dept. Geogr. Univ. Tokyo 10, 31 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmori, H.: Bull. Dept. Geogr. Univ. Tokyo 11, 77 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmori, H.: Bull. Dept. Geogr. Univ. Tokyo 15, 77 (1983a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmori, H.: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 46, 1 (1983b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmori, H.: Bull. Dept. Geogr. Univ. Tokyo 17, 19 (1985a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmori, H.: Trans. Jpn. Geomorph. Un. 6 (3), 225 (1985b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmori, H. and M. Hirano: Trans. Jpn. Geomorph. Un. 5 (4), 293 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Onesti, L.J. and T.K. Miller: Water Resour. Res. 14 (1), 144 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ori, G.G.: Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. 98, 35 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, C.C.: J. Hydrol. 33, 133 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G., P. Diplas and J. Akiyama: J. Hydrol. Eng. ASCE 109 (10), 1323 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, A.J.: Earth Surf. Proc. 4 (4), 395 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Penck, W.: Die geomorphologische Analyse. Stuttgart: J. Engelhorns Nachf. (1924)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pethick, J.: An introduction to coastal geomorphology. London: Arnold (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Petit, F.: Int. Geomorph. 1986 (1), 611 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Petts, G. and I. Foster: Rivers and Landscape, London: Arnold (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pihlainen, J.A., R.J.E. Brown and R.F. Legget: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 67, 1119 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pike, R.J. and S.E. Wilson: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 82, 1079 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Post, A.: J. Geophys. Res. 65, 3703 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Potter, P.E.: J. Geol. 86, 423 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, R.D.: Mar. Geol. 57, 1 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, R.J.: Glacial and fluvioglacial Landforms, Edingburgh: Oliver & Boyd (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prior, D.B. and J.H. Coleman: Geosci. & Man 19 (30 June), 41 (1978a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prior, D.B. and J.H. Coleman: Mar. Geotech. 3 (1), 37 (1978b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prior, D.B. and J.H. Coleman: Z. Geomorph. 23 (4), 415 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prior, D.B. and J.H. Coleman: Mar. Geol. 36, 227 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prior, D.B., J.M. Coleman and H.H. Roberts: Offshore 1981, 4 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pye, K.: Progr. Phys. Geogr. 8 (2), 176 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Quigley, R.M.: Can. Geotech. J. 14 (3), 310 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranalli, G. and A.E. Scheidegger: Bull. Int. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol. 13 (2), 142 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapp, A, R. Nyberg and L. Lindh: Geograf. Ann. 68A (3), 197 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, I. and L. Frostick: Geogr. Mag. 56 (4), 178 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinboth, F. and F. Gobel: Die Hohle 26 (1), 123 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rendell, H. and D. Alexander: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 90, 761 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, D.D.: Geogr. Ann. 69A (1), 147 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, K.S.: Earth Surface Proc. 1, 71 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, L.F.: Gen. Systems Yearb. 6, 139 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Richthofen, F.F.v.: Führer fur Forschungsreisende, Hannover (1901)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie, W. and D. Brunsden: Geogr. Mag. 45 (7), 511 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, M.C. and D.M. Mark: Can. J. Earth Sci. 7, 1179 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, R.J. and N. Eyles: Berendon Glacier medial moraines. St. Johns Nfdl.: Mem. Univ. Dept. Geogr. 1979

    Google Scholar 

  • Rona, P.A.: J. Dediment Petrol. 39 (3), 1132 (1969a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rona, P.A.: Bull. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. 53 (7), 1453 (1969b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rona, P.A.: J. Geol. 78 (2), 141 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, C.S. and R.L. Smith: U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 366, 1 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossbacher, L.: Geograf. Ann. 68A (l-2), 101 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutten, M.G.: Am. J. Sci. 258, 293 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Samoilov, I.V.: Ust’ ya ryok. Moscow: Geografgiz (1954). German translation by F. Tutenberg under the title: Die FluBmiindungen. Gotha: Herm. Haack Verlag (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawada, T., K. Ashida and T. Takahashi: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 46, 55 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: Geofis. Pura e Appl. 41, 101 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: Physical aspects of natural catastrophes. Amsterdam: Elsevier (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: Tectonophysics 55, 7 - 10 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: Principles of geodynamics 3rd edn. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer (1982a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: In: Marine slides and other mass movements, ed. Saxov & Nieuwenhuis. New York: Plenum, p. 11 (1982b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: Earth Sci. Revs. 21, 225 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: Z. Geomorph. 29 (2), 223 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: Z. Geomorph. 30, 257 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: Catena Suppl. 10, 199 (1987a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: Wildbach- und Lawinenverb. 51 (105), 1 (1987b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E.: Systematic geomorphology, Vienna New York: Springer (1987c)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E. and N.S. Ai: Tectonophysics 126, 285 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E. and P.E. Potter: Sedimentology 5, 289 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schipull, K.: Z. Geomorph. 22 (4), 426 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, K.H.: Z. Geomorph. 39, 59 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schommer, P.: Z. Gletscherk. Glazialgeol. 12 (2), 125 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, D.: Bodenkunde in Stichworten, 3rd edn. Kiel: Hirt (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, J., M. Beaupre and M. Cloutier: Can. J. Earth Sci. 23, 1842 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, W.: Acta Hydrophys. 14 (1), 237 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, W.: Acta Hydrophys. 17 (1), 47 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumm, S.A.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 74, 1089 (1963b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumm, S.A.: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 5, 215 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumm, S.A.: The Fluvial System. New York: Wiley (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumm, S.A.: Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 13, 5 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwab, F.L.: Geology 4, 723 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Semmel, A.: Periglazialmorphologie, Darmstadt: Wiss. Buchgem. (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Seppala, M.: Z. Geomorph. 16, 463 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Seppala, M.: Geogr. Ann. 68A (3), 141 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaler, N.S.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 10, 263 (1899)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, M.: Geogr. Ann. 67A (3-4), 213 (1985a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, M.: Progr. Phys. Geogr. 9 (2), 291 (1985b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, R.P.: Geogr. Rev. 32, 417 (1942)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, R.P.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. Part I 91, 724 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, W.E.: Water Resour. Res. 6 (3), 919 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, F.P.: Submarine Geol. New York: Harper (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, F.P.: In: Recent sediments, Northwest Gulf of Mexico, 1951-1958, p. 197 ff. Tulsa: Amer. Assoc. Petroleum geol. Spec. Pub. (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, F.P. and R.F. Dill: Submarine canyons and other sea valleys, Chicago: Rand Mc Nally (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, F.P. and 3 others: Geology 5, 297 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, R.G. and D.L. Macke: J. Res. U.S. Geol. Surv. 6 (4), 499 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shilts, W.W.: J. Geochem. Expl. 21, 95 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shilts, W.W.: Curr. Res. Geol. Surv. Can. 84B (1), 217 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shipek, C.J.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 71, 1067 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shreve, R.L.: J. Geol. 75, 178 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverberg, N. and B. Sundby: Can. J. Earth Sci. 16 (4), 939 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Slotboom, R.T.: Comparative geomorphological and palynological investigation of the pingos (Viviers) in the Hautes-Fagnes (Belgium) and the Mardellen in the Gutland (Luxemburg). Amsterdam: Univ.-Diss. (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Smart, J.S.: Water Resour. Res. 8, 1487 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A.J.: In: Encycl. Geom. ed. Fairbridge, p. 598, New York: Reinhold (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.L.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 71, 795 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Spath, H.: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 61, 3 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Speight, J.G.: J. Hydrol. 3 (1), 1 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Speight, J.G.: In: Land evaluation, CSIRO Symp. 26-31 Aug. 1968, ed. G.A. Steward. Melbourne: Mac Millan, p. 239 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Speight, J.G.: Z. Geomorph. 15 (3), 290 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Speight, J.G.: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 25, 154 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Speight, J.G.: Photogr. 32, 161 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Steers, J.A. and 4 others: Geogr. J. 145 (2), 192 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinhaus, H.: Coll. Math. 3 (1), 1 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterr, H.: Z. Geomorph. 29 (3), 315 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Strahler, A.N.: Trans. Am. Geoph. Un. 38, 913 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Strecker, M., A, Bloom and L. Gilpin: Z. Geomorph. 30 (4), 387 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Summerfield, M.A.: Progr. Phys. Geogr. 22 (3), 364 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, Y. and Y. Shimano: Annu. Rep. Geosci. Univ. Tsukub a 7, 26 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweeting, M.M.: Karst landforms, New York: Columbia Univ. Press. (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweeting, M.M.: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 36, 203 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweeting, M.M. and N. Lancaster: Z. Geomorph. 26 (2), 197 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tandon, S.K.: Z. Geomorph. 15 (3), 290 (1974a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tandon, S.K.: Z. Geomorph. 18 (4), 460 (1974b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarr, R.S.: Am. Geol. 21, 341 (1898)

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, P.T., C.A. Wood and T. J. O’Hearn: Geology 8, 390 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, D.S.G.: Z. Geomorph. 30 (2), 231 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiercelin, J.J. and H. Faure: In: Tectonics and geophysics of continental riffes, ed. Ramberg and Neumann, p. 41, Dordrecht: Reidel (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinkler, K.J.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 81, 547 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tipper, J.C.: J. Geol. 84, 476 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tipper, J.C.: J. Geol. 85 (5), 591 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trenhaile, A.S.: Ann, Assoc. Am. Geogr. 65 (2), 297 (1975a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trenhaile, A.S.: Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 65 (4), 517 (1975b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trenhaile, A.S.: Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 66 (3), 451 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trenhaile, A.S.: Z. Geomorph. 21 (4), 445 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trenhaile, A.S.: Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 68 (1), 95 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trenhaile, A.S.: Z. Geomorph. 23 (1), 27 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trenhaile, A.S.: The geomorphology of rock coasts. Oxford: Univ. Press (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tricart, J.: Inform. Geol. 24 (5), 210 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trimmel, H.: Hohlenkunde, Braunschweig: Vieweg (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trudgill, S.: Limestone geomorphology, London: Longmans (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tschierske, N.: Rock Mech. 10, 113 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuchiya, Y. and T. Yasuda: J. Nat. Disaster Sci. 2 (2), 27 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Turcotte, D.L.: J. Geoph. Res. 91 (B2), 1921 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Twichell, D.C.: Geology 10 (8), 408 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Twidale, C.R.: Structural landforms, Cambridge Mass.: MIT Press, (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Twidale, C.R. and E.M. Campbell: Z. Geomorph. 30 (1), 35 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ueno, T.: J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn 37 (2), 61 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Andel, T.H. and P.D. Komar: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 80 (7), 1163 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma, V.K. and S.K. Tandon: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 12, 165 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vilborg, L.: Geogr. Ann. 66A (l-2), 41 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vincent, P.J.: Z. Geomorph. 31 (1), 65 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vischer, D. (ed.): Schnee, Eis und Wasser alpiner Gletscher; Festschrift H. Rothlisberger. Zurich: Vers. Anst. Wasserb., (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitek, J.D. and P. Tarquin: Z. Geomorph. 28 (4), 445 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vondran, G.: Augsburger Geogr. H. 1, 1 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Waag, C.J.: J. Glaciol. 22 (87), 247 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahrhaftig, C. and A. Cox: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 70 (4), 383 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, G.P. and L.A. McBroome: Geology 11, 571 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Warntz, W.: J. Hydrol. 25, 209 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Washburn, A.L.: Abh. Akad. Wiss. Gottingen, Math.-Physik. Kl. (3) 35, 34 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, A.: Z. Geomorph. 29 (3), 285 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weihaupt, J.G.: J. Geophys. Res. 79 (14), 2073 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weyl, P.: Oceanography, an introduction to the marine environment. New York: Wiley (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Whalley, W.B., J.R. Marshall and B. J. Smith: Nature 300, 433 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, D.A.: Earth Surf. Landforms 9 (4), 391 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • White, J.F.: Ohio J. Sci. 66, 592 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • White, W.B.: Geomorphology and hydrology of karst terains. Oxford: Univ. Press (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehouse, J.E. and M.J. McSaveney: Arctic and Alp. Res. 15 (1), 53 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P.J.: Am. J. Sci. 255, 705 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P.W.: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 83, 761 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, C.D. and J.D. Howard: Geology 5, 123 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirthmann, A.: Z. Geomorph. Suppl. 28, 42 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, W.F. and J.B. Snell: US Army Natick Lab., Tech. Rep. EP-124 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Worsley, P.: Nature 322, 683 (1986a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Worsley, P.: Progr. Phys. Geogr. 10 (2), 265 (1986b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, L.D. and J.M. Coleman: Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 57 (2), 370 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasso, W.E.: J. Geol. 73 (5), 702 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, R. W.: Z. Geomorph. 30 (2), 189 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zenkovich, V.P.: Trudy Inst. Okeanologii Akad. Nauk SSSR 21, 3 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zevenbergen, L.W. and C.R. Thorne: Earth Surf. Proc. Landf. 12 (1), 47 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zschau, J. and 3 others: Die Kiiste 34(71) (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zschau, J. and H.J. Kumpel: Geoph. Astroph. Fluid Dyn. 13, 245 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuchiewicz, W.: Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol. 51 (1/2), 99 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Scheidegger, A.E. (1991). Physical Geomorphology. In: Theoretical Geomorphology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75659-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75659-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-75661-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75659-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics