Abstract
Lymph nodes are encapsulated, commonly kidney-shaped, organs which filter tissue fluid supplied by afferent lymph vessels. In most species these vessels pierce the capsule on the convex surface and open into the subcapsular sinus, which is ultimately integrated with the medullary sinuses in the concavity of the hilus of the organ. The lymph is filtered in the fine meshes of the reticuloendothelial tissue (stroma) which supports the sinuses and the compact lymphatic tissue of the node. After filtration the lymph leaves at the hilus via the efferent lymphatic vessels, which usually follow the route of the larger veins and may either join a large collecting lymphatic duct or link with another lymph node as afferent vessels. Finally all lymph is collected in large lymphatic ducts which join the bloodstream at the base of the neck in the subclavian veins. All lymph vessels possess small valves to force the lymph stream in one direction.
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Kamperdijk, E.W.A., van Nieuwkerk, E.B.J., Verdaasdonk, M.A.M., Hoefsmit, E.C.M. (1990). Macrophages in Different Compartments of the Non-neoplastic Lymph Node. In: Grundmann, E., Vollmer, E. (eds) Reaction Patterns of the Lymph Node. Current Topics in Pathology, vol 84/1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75519-4_9
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