Abstract
Chloroplast (cp) genomes of three land plants, namely tobacco, rice and Marchantia polymorpha, have now been completely sequenced. In tobacco (Fig. 1), the cp genome codes for 30 tRNA species (Shinozaki et al. 1986; Sugiura and Wakasugi 1989), 23 being encoded by single genes (located in the large single copy (LSC) or small single copy (SSC) regions), 7 being encoded by genes present twice (in the IR sequences). In rice the same set of tRNA genes was found (Hiratsuka et al. 1989). However, a total of 31 tRNA species are encoded by the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha cp genome; the additional tRNA gene (with respect to tobacco and rice) is a tRNAAr9(CCG) gene (Ohyama et al., 1986). Pseudogenes have been found in a number of cp genomes. For instance, a pseudo-tRNAIIe and a pseudo-tRNATrP genes (El-Gewely et al. 1984) have been found in Euglena gracilis strain bacillaris. A pseudo-tRNAPro gene with a GGG anticodon has been sequenced in liverwort (Ohyama et al. 1986). A tRNAfMet/GIy chimeric structure has been described in wheat (Howe 1985) and in rice (Hiratsuka et al. 1989). A pseudo-tRNAThr gene has been reported in barley (Oliver and Poulsen 1984), wheat (Quigley and Weil 1985) and rice (Hiratsuka et al. 1989).
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Maréchal-Drouard, L., Guillemaut, P., Pfitzingzer, H., Weil, J.H. (1991). Chloroplast tRNAs and tRNA genes: structure and function. In: Mache, R., Stutz, E., Subramanian, A.R. (eds) The Translational Apparatus of Photosynthetic Organelles. NATO ASI Series, vol 55. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75145-5_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75145-5_4
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