Skip to main content

Laboratory Research

  • Chapter
Endometrial Carcinoma
  • 56 Accesses

Abstract

Recent advances in laboratory research and their clinical application have enabled the clinician to reconcile clinical observations with related scientific observations of which the identification and detection of estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins in the cytosol of endometrial carcinoma have promoted hormone therapy; and it has been possible to estimate the prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma. The usefulness of monoclonal antibodies in making early diagnosis, and monitoring treatment and prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer is well demonstrated. Monoclonal antibodies have also been described in endometrial carcinoma. Cell cultures of gynecologic cancers in vivo and in vitro have a long history and have contributed to cytobiologic research of gynecologic neoplasia. In this chapter, an attempt will be made to describe in some detail the current knowledge concerning steroid hormone receptor and monoclonal antibody, which have been studied in patients with gynecologic cancers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson JN, Clark JH, Peck EJ Jr (1972) The relationship between nuclear receptor estrogen binding and uterotrophic responses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 48:1460–1468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin RW, Durrant L, Embleton MJ et al. (1985) Design and therapeutic evaluation of monoclonal antibody 791T/36-methotrexate conjugates. UCLA symposium, MoAbs & cancer therapy, Los Angeles, Jan 26–Feb 2, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin RW, Embleton MJ, Gallego J et al. (1986) Monoclonal antibody drug conjugates for cancer therapy. In: Roth JA (ed) Monoclonal antibody in cancer. Advances in diagnosis and treatment. Futura, New York, 215–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrows GH, Stroupe SB, Richm JD (1980) Nuclear uptake of ethylsuccinamide bridged 17-beta-estradiol-fluorescein as a marker of estrogen receptor activity. Am J Clin Pathol 73:330–339

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bast RC Jr, Feeney M, Lazarus H et al. (1981) Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Invest 68:1331–1337

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bast RC Jr, Klug TL, St John E et al. (1983) A radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody to monitor the course of epithelial ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 309:883–887

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter JD, Funder JW (1979) Hormone receptor. N Engl J Med 301:1149–1161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benraad TJ, Friberg LG, Koenders AJM et al. (1980) Do estrogen and progesterone receptors (E2R and PR) in metastazing endometrial cancers predict the response to gestogen therapy? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 59:155–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergqvist A, Kullander S, Thoreil J (1981) A study of estrogen and progesterone cytosol receptor concentration in benign and malignant ovarian tumors and a review of malignant ovarian tumors treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand [Suppl] 101:75–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byar DP, Sears ME, McGuire WL (1979) Relationship between estrogen receptor values and clinical data in predicting the response to endocrine therapy for patients with advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 15:299–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson RA, Gorski J (1980) Characterization of a unique population of unfilled estrogen-binding sites associated with the nuclear fraction of immature rat uterus. Endocrinology 106:1776–1785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chamness GC, Mercer WD, McGuire WL (1980) Are histochemical methods for estrogen receptor valid? J Histochem Cytochem 28:792–798

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charpin C, Martin PM, Jacquemier J et al. (1986) Estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) computerized image analysis system, immunoelectron microscopy and comparisons with estradiol binding assays in 115 breast carcinomas. Cancer Res 46:4271s-4277s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Consensus Meeting on Steroid Receptors in Breast Cancer, Bethesda, June 1979, p 27–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Creasman WT, McCarty KS, Barton TK et al. (1980) Clinical correlates of estrogen and progesterone-binding proteins in human endometrial adenocarcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 55:363–370

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dandliker WB, Brauwn RJ, Hsu ML et al. (1978) Investigation for hormone-receptor interactions by means of fluorescence labelling. Cancer Res 38:4212–4224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeSombre ER, Greene GL, King WT, Jensen EV (1984) Estrogen receptors, antibodies and hormone dependent cancer. In: Gurpide E, Calandra, Levy C, Soto RJ (eds) Hormones and Cancer. Liss, New York, Vol 142, 1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • DeSombre ER, Thorpe SM, Rose C et al. (1986) Prognostic usefulness of estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assays for human breast cancer. Cancer Res 46:4256s-4264s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond BA, Yelton DE, Sharff MD (1981) Monoclonal antibodies. N Engl J Med 304:1344–1349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards DP, Martin PM, Horwitz KB et al. (1980) Subcellular compartmentalization of estrogen receptors in human breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 127:197–213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich CE, Young PCM, Cleary RE (1981) Cytoplasmic progesterone and estradiol receptors in normal, hyperplasmic and carcinomatous endometria: therapeutic implications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 141:539–546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feil P, Maun W Jr, Mortel R, Bardin CW (1979) Nuclear progestin receptors in normal and malignant human endometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48:327–334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming H, Gurpide E (1980) Available estradiol receptors in nuclei from endometrium. J Steroid Biochem 13:3–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford LC, Berek JS, Lagasse LD et al. (1983) Estrogen and progesterone receptors in ovarian neoplasma. Gynecol Oncol 15:299–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friberg LG, Kullander S, Persijn JP, Korsten CB (1978) On receptors for estrogens (E2) and androgens (DHT) in human endometrial carcinoma and ovarian tumors. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 57:265–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furmanski P, Saunders DE, Brooks SC, Rich MA (1980) The prognostic value of estrogen receptor determinations in patients with primary breast cancer: an update. Cancer 46:2794–2796

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galli MC, DeGiovanni C, Nicoletti G et al. (1981) The occurrence of multiple steroid hormone receptors in disease-free and neoplastic human ovary. Cancer 47:1297–1302

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao YL, Twiggs LB, Leung BS et al. (1983) Cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors in primary cervical carcinoma: clinical and histopathologic correlates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 146:299–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia M, Rochefort H (1979) Evidence and characterization of the binding of two 3H-labeled androgens to the estrogen receptor. Endocrinology 104:1797–1809

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geier A, Beery R, Levran D et al. (1980) Unoccupied nuclear receptors for estrogen in human endometrial tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 50:541–545

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geisler HE (1973) The use of megestrol acetate in the treatment of advanced malignant lesions of the endometrium. Gynecol Oncol 1:340–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Jensen EV (1982) Monoclonal antibodies as probes for estrogen receptor detection and characterization. J Steroid Biochem 16:353–359

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Fitch FW, Jensen EV (1980a) Monoclonal antibodies to estrophilin: probes for the study of estrogen receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:157–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Nolan C, Engler JP, Jensen EV (1980b) Monoclonal antibodies to human estrogen receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:5115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grill HJ, Manz B, Polio W K (1982) Double-labeling assay system for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Lancet 1:679

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grill HJ, Manz B, Belovsky O, Pollow K (1984) Criteria for the establishment of a doublelabeling assay for simultaneous determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Oncology 41:25–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grilli S, Ferreri A, Gola G et al. (1977) Cytoplasmic receptors for 17β-estradiol, 5α-hydroxytestasterone and progesterone in normal and abnormal human uterine tissues. Cancer Lett 2:247–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahnel R, Martin JD, Masters AM et al. (1979) Estrogen receptors and blood hormone levels in cervical carcinoma and other gynecological tumors. Gynecol Oncol 8:226–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahnei R, Kelsall GRH, Martin JD et al. (1982) Estrogen and progesterone receptors in tumors of the human ovary. Gynecol Oncol 13:145–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton TC, Daview P, Griffiths K (1981) Androgen and oestrogen binding in cytosols of human ovarian tumors. J Endocrinol 91:421–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herlyn M, Steplewshi Z, Herlyn D, Koprowski H (1979) Cororectal carcinoma-specific antigen: detection by means of monoclonal antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:1438–1442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillier SG, Knazek RA, Ross GT (1977) Androgenic stimulation of progesterone production by granulosa cells from preantral follicles: further in vitro studies using replicate cell cultures. Endocrinology 100:1539–1549

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillier SG, Reichert JE Jr, Van Hall EV (1981) Control of preovulatory follicular estrogen biosynthesis in the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 52:847–856

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holt JA, Caputo TA, Kelly KM et al. (1979) Estrogen and progestin binding in cytosols of ovarian adenocarcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 53:50–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holt JA, Lyttle CR, Lorincz MA et al. (1981) Estrogen receptor and peroxidase activity in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. JNCI 67:307–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz RI, Feinstein AR, Vidone RA et al. (1981) Histopathologic distinctions in the relationship of estrogens and endometrial cancer. JAMA 246:1245–1247

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsueh AJW, Peck EJ Jr, Clark JH (1976) Control of uterine estrogen receptor levels by progesterone. Endocrinology 98:438–444

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter RE, Longcope C, Jordan VC (1980) Steroid hormone receptors in adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Gynecol Oncol 10:152–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs BR, Suchocki S, Smith RG (1980) Evidence for a human ovarian progesterone receptor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138:332–336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janne O, Kauppila A, Syrjala P, Vihko R (1980) Comparison of cytosol estrogen and progestin receptor status in malignant and benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of human ovary. Int J Cancer 25:175–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV (1962) Basic guides to the mechanism of estrogen action. Recent Prog Horm Res 18:387–414

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Suzuki T, Kawashina T et al. (1968) A two-step mechanism for the interaction of estradiol with rat uterus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 59:632–638

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Green GL, Closs LE, DeSombre ER (1979) The immunoendocrinology of estrophilin. Adv Exp Med Biol 117:1–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan VC, Jacobson HI, Keenan EJ (1986) Determination of estrogen receptor in breast cancer using monoclonal antibody technology: results of a multicenter study in the United States. Cancer Res 46:4237s-4240s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jungblut PW, Kallweit E, Sierralta W et al. (1978) The occurrence of steroidfree ‘activated’ estrogen receptor in target cell nuclei. Hoppe-Seyler’s Z Physiol Chem 359:1259–1268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabawat SE, Bast RC Jr, Welch WR et al. (1983a) Immunopathologic characterization of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes common surface antigens on human ovarian tumors of serous, endometrioid and clear cell types. Am J Clin Pathol 79:98–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabawat SE, Bast RC Jr, Bshn AK et al. (1983b) Tissue distribution of a coelomicepithe- lium-related antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody OC 125. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2:275–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennett RH, Jonak ZL, Bechtol KB (1980) Monoclonal antibodies against human tumor-associated antigens. In: Kennet RH et al. (eds) Monoclonal antibodies. Plenum, New York, p 155

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiang DT, Kennedy BJ (1977) Estrogen receptor assay in the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. JAMA 238:32–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King RJB (1979) Effects of estrogen and progesterone treatments on endometrial from postmenopausal women. Cancer Res 39(3):1094–1101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King WJ, Greene GL (1984) Monoclonal antibodies localize estrogen receptor in the nuclei of target cells. Nature 307:745–747

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King RJB, Raju KS, Siddle NC et al. (1983) Simple biochemical method to assess progestin effects on human endometrial DNA synthesis and its application to endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Res 43:5033–5036

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King WJ, DeSombre ER, Jensen EV, Greene GL (1985) Comparison of immunochemical and steroid binding assays for estrogen receptor in human breast tumors. Cancer Res 45:293–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klug TL, Bast RC Jr, Niloff JM et al. (1984) A monoclonal antibody immunoradiometric assay for an antigenic determinant (CA-125) associated with human epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 44:1048–1053

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler G, Milstein C (1975) Continuous cultures of fused cells, secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 256:495–497

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohorn EI (1976) Gestagens and endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 4:398–411

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurzon RM, Sternberger LA (1978) Estrogen receptor immunocytochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 26:803–808

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leclercq G, Bojar H, Goussard J et al. (1986) Abbott monoclonal enzyme immunoassay measurement of estrogen receptors in human breast cancer: a European multicenter study. Cancer Res 46:4233S-4236S

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SH (1978) Cytochemical study of estrogen receptor in human mammary cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 70:197–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy C, Mortel R, Eychenne B et al. (1980a) Unoccupied nuclear aestradiol-receptor sites in normal human endometrium. Biochem J 185:733–738

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy C, Robel P, Gantray JP et al. (1980b) Estradiol and progesterone receptors in human endometrium: normal and abnormal menstrual cycles and early pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 136:646–651

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li SY, Wang EY, Li JX (1988) Cytosol estrogen, progesterone receptor levels as indexes of response to hormone therapy in endometrial carcinoma. J Pract Oncol 28–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu YX (1981) Estradiol and progesterone receptors assay. Reprod Contraception 1:53–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLaughlin DT, Richardson GS (1976) Progesterone binding by normal and abnormal human endometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 42:667–678

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magdelenat H, Merle S, Zajdela A (1986) Enzyme immunoassay of estrogen receptors in fine needle aspirates of breast tumors. Cancer Res 46:4265s-4270s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malkasian GD, Decker DG, Mussey E, Johnson CG (1971) Progestin treatment of recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 110:15–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markaverich BM, Williams M, Upchurch S, Clark JH (1981a) Heterogeneity of nuclear estrogen binding sites in rat uterus: a simple method for the quantitation of type I and type II sites by 3H-estradiol exchange. Endocrinology 109:62–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markaverich BM, Upchurch S, McCormack SA et al. (1981b) Differential stimulation of uterine cells by nafoxidine and clomiphene: relationship between nuclear estrogen receptors and type II estrogen binding sites and cellular growth. Biol Reprod 24:171–181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin PM, Horwitz KB, Ryan D, McGuire WL (1978a) Phytoestrogen interaction with estrogen receptors in human breast cancer. Endocrinology 103:1860–1867

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin PM, Rolland PH, Jacquemier J et al. (1978b) Multiple steroid receptors in human breast cancer I. Technological features. Biomedicine 28:278–287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin PM, Rolland PH, Gammerre M et al. (1979) Estradiol and progesterone receptors, histopathological examinations and clinical responses under pregestin therapy. Int J Cancer 23:321–329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin PM, Sheridan PJ (1982) Towards a new model for the mechanism of action of steroids. J Steroid Biochem 16:215–229

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin PM, Magdelenat H, Benyahia B et al. (1983) New approach for visualizing estrogen receptors in target cells using inherent fluorescent ligands and image intensification. Cancer Res 43:4956–4965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCarty KS Jr, Barton TK, Fetter BF et al. (1979) Correlation of estrogen and progesterone receptors with histologic differentiation in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Am J Pathol 96:171–182

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCarty KS Jr., Miller LS, Cox EB et al. (1985) Estrogen receptor and immunohisto-chemical methods using monoclonal antireceptor antibodies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 109:716–721

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCarty KS Jr, Szabo E, Flowers JL et al. (1986) Use of a monoclonal antiestrogen receptor antibody in the immunohistochemical evaluation of human tumors. Cancer Res 46:4244s-4248s

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McClelland RA, Bergen U, Miller LS et al. (1986) Immunocytochemical assay for estrogen receptor: relationship to outcome of therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. Cancer Res 46:4241s-4243s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire WL, Carbone PP, Sears ME, Escher GC (1975) Estrogen receptors in breast cancer: an overview. In: McGuire WL et al. (eds.) Estrogen receptors in human breast cancer. Raven, New York, 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Milwidsky A, Younes MA, Besch NF et al. (1980) Receptor-like binding proteins for testosterone and progesterone in the human ovary. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138:93–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncharmont B, Parikh I (1983) Binding of monoclonal antibodies to the nuclear estrogen receptor in intact nuclei. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 114:107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncharmont B, Su JL, Parikh I (1982) Monoclonal antibodies against estrogen receptor: interaction with different molecular forms and functions of the receptor. Biochemistry 21:6916–6921

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncharmont B, Anderson WL, Rosenberg B, Parikh I (1984) Interaction of estrogen receptor of calf uterus with a monoclonal antibody: probing of various molecular forms. Biochemistry 23:3907–3912

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nenci I, Beccati MD, Piffanelli A, Lanza G (1976) Detection and dynamic localization of estradiol-receptor complexes in intact target cells by immunofluorescence technique. J Steroid Biochem 7:505–510

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson RI, Griffiths K, Colin P et al. (1986) Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for estrogen receptors in human breast cancers. Cancer Res 46:4299s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen S, Notides AC (1975) Transformation of the rat uterine estrogen receptor after partial purification. Biochem Biophys Acta 381:377–383

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niloff JM, Klug TL, Schaetzl E et al. (1984) Elevation of serum CA 125 in carcinomas of the fallopian tube, endometrium and endocervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 148:1057–1058

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Notides AC, Hamilton DE, Auer HE (1975) A kinetic analysis of the estrogen receptor transformation. J Biol Chem 250:3945–3950

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Notides AC, Lerner N, Hamilton DE (1981) Positive cooperativity of the estrogen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA 78:4926–4930

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noyes AT, Hertig AT, Rock J (1950) Dating the endometrial biopsy. Fertil Steril 1:3–25

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Malley BW, Schrader WT (1976) The receptors of steroid hormones. Sci Am 234:(2):22–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Pertschuk LP, Tobin EH, Brigati DJ et al. (1978) Immunofluorescent detection of estrogen receptor in breast cancer: comparison with dextran-coated charcoal and sucrose gradient assays. Cancer 41:907–911

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollow K, Schmidt-Gollwitzer M, Pollow B (1978) Progesterone- and estradiolbinding proteins from normal human endometrium and endometrial carcinoma: a comparative study. In: Wittliff JI, Dapunt O (eds) Steroid dependent neoplasia. Innsbruck

    Google Scholar 

  • Press MF, Greene GL (1984) An immunocytochemical method for demonstrating estrogen receptor in human uterus using monoclonal antibodies to human estrophilin. Lab Invest 50:480–486

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Press MF, Nousek-Goebl NA, Greene GL (1985) Immunoelectron microscopic localization of estrogen receptor with monoclonal estrophilin antibodies. J Histochem Cytochem 33:915–924

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prodi G, DeGiovanni C, Galli MC et al. (1979) 17β-Estradiol, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, progesterone and cortisol receptors in normal and neoplastic human endometrium. Tumori 65:241–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Punnonen R, Kouvoven L, Lovgren T, Rouramo L (1979) Uterine and ovarian estrogen receptor levels in climacteric women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 58:389

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reifenstein EC (1974) The treatment of advanced endometrial cancer with hydroxy-progesterone caproate. Gynecol Oncol 2:377–391

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JS (1975) Content of nuclear estradiol complex in rat corpora lutea during pregnancy - relationship to estrogen concentration and cytosol receptor availability. Endocrinology 96:227–414

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JS (1979) Hormonal control of ovarian follicular development: a 1978 perspective. Recent Prog Horm Res 35:230–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards JS, Midgley AR Jr (1976) Protein hormone action: a key to understanding ovarian and follicular luteal cell development. Biol Reprod 14:82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robboy SJ, Bradley R (1979) Changing trends and prognostic features in endometrial cancer associated with exogenous estrogen therapy. Obstet Gynecol 54:269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriquez J, Sen KK, Seski JC et al. (1979) Progesterone binding by human endometrial tissue during the proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and by hyperplastic and carcinomatous endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 133:660–665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanborn BM, Held B, Kuo HS (1975) Specific estrogen binding proteins in human cervix. J Steroid Biochem 6:1107–1112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scatchard G (1949) The attraction of protein for small molecules and ions. Ann NY Acad Sci 51:660–672

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott RS, Rennie PIC (1971) An estrogen receptor in the corpus luteum of the pseudopregnant rabbit. Endocrinology 89:297–301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan PJ, Buchanan JM, Anselmo VC, Martin PM (1980) Equilibrium of the intracellular distribution of steroid receptors. Nature 282:579–582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singhakowinta A, Saunders DE, Brooks SC et al. (1980) Clinical application of estrogen receptor in breast cancer. Cancer 46:2932–2938

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirbasku DA, Leland SE, Benson RH (1981) Properties of a growth factor activity present in crude extracts of rat uterus. J Cell Physiol 107:345–358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JP, Rutledge F, Soffar SW (1966) Progestins in the treatment of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 94:977–984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenschein C, Soto AM (1980a) But … are estrogens per se growth-promoting hormones? JNCI 64:211–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenschein C, Soto AM (1980b) The mechanism of estrogen action: the old and a new paradigm. In: McLachlan JA (ed) Estrogens in the environment. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Soutter WP, Hamilton K, Leake RE (1979) High affinity binding of oestradiol-17β in the nuclei of human endometrial cells. J Steroid Biochem 10:529–534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soutter WP, Pegoraro RJ, Green-Thompson RW et al. (1981) Nuclear and cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors in squamous carcinoma of the cervix. Br J Cancer 44:154–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spona J, Ulm R, Bieglmayer C, Husslein P (1979) Hormone serum levels and hormone receptor contents of endometria in women with normal menstrual cycles and patients bearing endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Obstet Invest 10:71–80

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Syrjala P, Kontula K, Janne O et al. (1978) Steroid receptors in normal and neoplastic human uterine tissue. In: Brush MG et al. (eds) Endometrial cancer. Bailliere Tindall, London, p 242–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Terenius L, Lindell A, Persson BH (1971) Binding of oestradiol-17 to human cancer tissue of the female genital tract. Cancer Res 31:1895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe Sm, Lykkesfeldt AE, Vinterby A, Lonsdorfer M (1986) Quantitative immunological detection of estrogen receptors in nuclear pellets from human breast cancer biopsies. Cancer Res 46:4251s-4255s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tseng L, Gurpide E (1974) Induction of human endometrial estradiol dehydrogenase by progestins. Endocrinology 97:824–833

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang EY, Li Sy, Liu ZM et al (1987a) Cytosol estrogen, progesterone receptor levels in non-cancerous cervix and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. Pract J Cancer 2:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang EY, Li SY, Liu ZM (1987b) Cytosol estrogen, progesterone receptor levels in non-cancerous cervix, endometrium, ovary and fallopian tube. J Practical Oncol 1:11–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Welshous WV, Lieberman ME, Gorski J (1984) Nuclear localization of unoccupied oestrogen receptors. Nature 307:747–749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox DL, Thorburn GD (1981) Progesterone binding protein in the bovine corpus lutem. J Steroid Biochem 14:841–850

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willcocks D, Toppila M, Hudson CN et al. (1983) Estrogen and progesterone receptors in human ovarian tumors. Gynecol Oncol 16:246–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu AR, Wang EY, Li Ling (1989) The application of monoclonal antibody OC 125 in gynecological oncology. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 8:29–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Yalow RS, Berson SA (1960) Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man. J Clin Invest 39:1157–1175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh MY, Hellstrom I, Brown JP et al. (1979) Cell surface antigens of human melanoma identified by monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 167:2927–2831

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young PCM, Ehrlich CE (1979) Progesterone receptors in human endometrial cancer. In: Thompson EB, Lippman ME (eds) Steroid receptors and the management of cancer. CPC Press, Boca Raton, 1:135–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Zava DT, McGuire WL (1977) Estrogen receptor. Unoccupied sites in nuclei of breast tumor cell line. J Biol Chem 252:3703–3708

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang HJ, Li SY, Li ZQ, Fei LM (1983) Estrogen receptors activity assay by DEAE (Di-Ethyl-Amino-Ethyl) cellulose paper method. J Chin Oncol 5:110–113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 The People’s Medical Publishing House Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Li, Sy., Wang, Ey. (1990). Laboratory Research. In: Endometrial Carcinoma. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74821-9_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74821-9_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-51273-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74821-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics