Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Management of AD

  • Chapter
Essential Aspects of Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

Rapport between the physician and AD patients (or their parents if they are children) is sometimes difficult as psychological factors, superimposed on the skin disease, can make them very demanding patients who expect the physician to cure their severe pruritus and the inflammatory changes. In addition, past therapeutic failures may have led them to adopt an indifferent or even a sceptical attitude towards their physician, in whom they may even totally have lost all confidence. Thus, physicians caring for AD patients do well to have a sound practical training in psychology to help them to manage these patients effectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alomar A, Gimenez-Camarasa JM, de Moragas JM (1978) The use of levamizole in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 114: 1316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Archer CB, MacDonald DM (1987) Treatment of atopic dermatitis with salbutamol. Clin Exp Dermatol 12: 323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ariyanayagam M, Barlow TJG, Graham P, Hall-Smith SP, Harris JM (1985) Topical sodium cromoglycolate in the management of atopic eczema-a controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 112: 343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atherton DJ, Soothill JF, Elvidge J (1982) A controlled trial of oral sodium cromoglycate in atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 106: 681

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atherton DJ, Carabott F, Glover MT, Hawk JLM (1988) The role of psoralene photochemo-therapy (PUVA) in the treatment of severe atopic eczema in adolescents. Br J Dermatol 118: 791

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atherton DJ, Heddle RJ, Soothill JF (1984) Beclomethasone diproprionate for atopic eczema (abstract). Br J Dermatol (Suppl 26): 9

    Google Scholar 

  • August PJ (1982) Azathioprine in the treatment of eczema and actinic reticuloid. Br J Dermatol 107 (Suppl 22): 23

    Google Scholar 

  • Baer RL (1985) Papaverine therapy in atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 13: 806

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bamford JTM, Gibson RW, Renier CM (1985 Atopic eczema unresponsive to evening primrose oil. J Am Acad Dermatol 13: 395

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazex J, Sans B, Rostin M (1982) Comparative study of terfenadin in allergic skin of patients in France. Arzneimittelforschung 32: 1196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck HI, Bjerring P, Harving H (1989) Atopic dermatitis and the indoor climate. Acta Derm Venereol (Suppl 144) (Stockh) (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker SW (1932) Dermatoses associated with neurocirculatory instability. Arch Dermatol Syph 25: 655

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg T, Johansson SGO (1971) In vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy. II. IgE and reaginic antibodies during and after rush desensitization. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 41: 434

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergquist G, Nilzén Å (1972) The release of histamine from blood corpuscles by antigen-antibody reactions. IV. The histamine release from whole blood before and after treatment of patients allergic to animal dander with staphylococcal vaccine. Acta Allergol 27: 381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bittiner SB, Tucker WFG, Cartwright I, Bleehen SS (1988) A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of fish oil in psoriasis. Lancet I: 378

    Google Scholar 

  • Björneboe A, Söyland E, Björneboe GEA, Rajka G, Drevon CA (1987) Effect of dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 117: 463

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonifazi E (1987) Skin problems in the napkin area. In: Happle R, Grosshans E (eds) Pediatric dermatology. Advances in diagnosis and treatment. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 103

    Google Scholar 

  • Borelli S (1970) Dermatologische Klimatherapie und ihre Erfolgsbeurteilung. In: Braun-Falco O, Bandmann HJ (eds) Fortschritte der Dermatologie, vol 6. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 141

    Google Scholar 

  • Brostoff J, Carini C, Wraith DG (1979) Production of IgE complexes by allergen challenge in atopic patients and the effect of sodium cromoglycate. Lancet I: 1268

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley RH (1983) Atopic dermatitis: a new therapeutic regimen. JAMA 250: 2926

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrom NA (1980) Thymosine inducible “null cells” in atopic children. Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 92: 63

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell RL, Seymour JL, Stone LC, Milligan MC (1987) Clinical studies with disposable diapers containing absorbent gelling materials: evaluation of effects on infant skin condition. J Am Acad Dermatol 17: 978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canonica GW, Mingari MC, Melioli G, Colombatti M, Moretta L (1979) Imbalances of T cell subpopulations in patients with atopic disease and effect of specific immunotherapy. J Immunol 123:2669

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrabott F, Atherton DJ, Glover M, Hawk JLM (1987) The role of photochemotherapy (PU-VA) in the treatment of children with severe atopic dermatitis and short stature. Br J Dermatol 117 (Suppl): p 14

    Google Scholar 

  • Clemmensen OJ, Hjorth N (1983) Treatment of dermatitis of the head and neck with ketokonazole in patients with type I sensitivity to Pityrosporon orbiculare. Semin Dermatol 2: 26

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole WC, Roth HL, Sachs LB (1988) Group psychotherapy as an aid in the medical treatment of eczema. J Am Acad Dermatol 18: 286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooke RA, Barnard JJ, Hebald S, Stull A (1935) Serological evidence of immunity with coexisting sensitization in a type human allergy. J Exp Med 62: 733

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper KD, Kang K, Chan SC, Hanifin JM (1985) Phosphodiesterase inhibition by Ro 20–1724 reduces hyper-IgE synthesis by atopic dermatitis cells in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 84: 477

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper KD, Taylor RS, Baadsgaard O, Headington JT, Voorhees JJ (1989) Atopic dermatitis: treatment with cyclosporine A and demonstration of T cells reactive to autologous epidermal cells. Acta Derm Venereol (Suppl 144) (Stockh) (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cormia FE, Dougherty JW (1959) Clinical evaluation of antipruritic drugs. Arch Dermatol 79: 172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cubey RB (1976) Glaucoma following application of corticosteroid to skin. Br J Dermatol 95: 207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl MV, Dahl AC (1983) 12% lactate lotion for the treatment of xerosis. Arch Dermatol 119: 27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalili M, Adriani J (1972) The efficacy of local anaesthetics in blocking sensations of itch, burning and pain in normal and “sunburned” skin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 12: 913

    Google Scholar 

  • Daubjerg PS, Bach-Mortensen N, Österballe O (1984) Oral sodium cromoglycate treatment of atopic dermatitis related to food allergy. Allergy 39: 535

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Prisco Fuenmayor MC, Champion RH (1979) Specific hyposensitization in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 101: 697

    Google Scholar 

  • Döring HF, Müllejans-Kreppel U (1987) Chloroquin-Therapie der atopischen Dermatitis. Z Hautkr 62: 1205

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Du Vivier A, Stoughton RB (1975) Tachyphylaxis to the action of topically applied cortico-steroids. Arch Dermatol 111: 581

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekblom A, Fjellner B, Hansson P (1984) The influence of mechanical vibratory stimulation and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on experimental pruritus induced by histamine. Acta Physiol Scand 122: 361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein E, Pinski JB (1964) A blind study. Arch Dermatol 89: 548

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fairris GM, Jones DH, Mack DP, Rowell NR (1985) Conventional superficial X-ray versus Grenz ray therapy in the treatment of constitutional eczema of the hands. Br J Dermatol 112: 339

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falk E (1989) Phototherapy in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) (Suppl 144) (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldmann R, Maibach H (1967) Regional variation in percutaneous penetration of 14C-cortisol in man. J Invest Dermatol 48: 181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felix R, Shuster S (1975) A new method for the measurement of itch and the response to treatment. Br J Dermatol 93: 303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer RW (1968) Comparison of antipruritic agents administered orally. JAMA 203: 418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foulds IS, MacKie RM (1981) A double-blind trial of the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine and the H1-receptor antagonist promethazine hydrochloride in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Clin Allergy 11: 319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frosch PJ, Kligman AM (1979) The soap chamber test: a new method for assessing the irritancy of soaps. J Am Acad Dermatol 1: 35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frosch PJ, Schwanitz HJ, Macher E (1984) A double blind trial of H1 and H2 receptor antagonist in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 276: 36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Georgii A, Przybilla B, Ring J, Hörwick E (1987) Hautreaktionen durch Mastcellenaktivierung: Beziehung zur Atopie und Effekt von UV-Bestrahlung (abstract). Allergologie 10: 412

    Google Scholar 

  • Grabowsky HG (1956) Die Beeinflussung der kindlichen Neurodermitis durch das Nordsee-Klima. Kinderärztl Prax 24

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham P, Hall-Smith SP, Harris JM, Price ML (1984) A study of hypoallergenic diets and oral sodium cromoglycate in the management of atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 110: 457

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guenther L, Wexler D (1987) Efamol in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 17: 860

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta MA, Gupta AK, Ellis CN (1987) Antidepressives in dermatology. Arch Dermatol 123: 647

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haas TH (1947) Über den Juckreiz. Klin Wochenschr 24/25: 353

    Google Scholar 

  • Hägermark O, Strandberg K, Grönneberg R (1980) Effects of histamine receptor antagonists on histamine-induced responses in human skin. Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 92: 116

    Google Scholar 

  • Hägermark O, Levander S, Ståhle M (1985) A comparison of antihistaminic and sedative effects of some H1-receptor antagonists. Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 114: 155

    Google Scholar 

  • Haider S (1977) Treatment of atopic eczema in children; clinical trial of 10% sodium cromoglycate ointment. Br Med J 1: 1570

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanifin JM (1987) Veränderte Phosphodiesterase-Aktivität der Leukozyten bei atopischem Ekzem. Hautarzt 38: 258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hannuksela M, Karvonen J, Husa M, Jokela R, Katajamæki L, Leppisaari M (1985) Ultraviolet light therapy in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 114: 137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen AE (1933) Serum lipid changes and therapeutic effects of various oils in infantile eczema. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 31: 160

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper JI (1989) Newer clinical examples of immunological changes in atopic dermatitis (HIV infection, Thymostimulin & Cyclosporin). Acta Derm Venereol (Suppl 144) (Stockh) (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison PV (1987) Trimethoprim and acute exacerbations of eczema. Clin Exp Dermatol 12: 238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hellerström S, Rajka G (1967) Clinical aspects of atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 47: 75

    Google Scholar 

  • Herlin T, Jensen JR, Thestrup-Pedersen K (1981) Dialyzable leucocyte extract stimulates cAMP in T lymphocytes. Allergy 36: 337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hovmark A, Ekre HP (1978) Failure of transfer factor therapy in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 58: 497

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jarisch R, Sandor I, Götz M, Kümmer F (1979) Immunotherapie allergischer Erkrankungen. Hautarzt 30: 365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jawitz JC, Hines HC, Moshell AN (1985) Treatment of eczema herpeticum with systemic acyclovir. Arch Dermatol 121: 274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jegasothy B, Jacobson C, Levine N et al. (1985) Clobetasol propionate versus fluocinonide cream in psoriasis and eczema. Int J Dermatol 24: 461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jekler J, Larkö O (1988) UVB phototherapy of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 119: 697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson SGO, Berg T, Foucard T (1972) IgE and specific reagins after hyposensitization. In: Charpin J, Boutin C, Aubert J, Frankland AW (eds) Allergology. Proceedings, 8th Europ Cong d’Allergie. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, p 359

    Google Scholar 

  • Kämmerer W (1987) Die psychosomatische Ergänzungstherapie der Neurodermitis atopica -Autogenes Training und weitere Maßnahmen. Allergologie 12: 536

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang K, Cooper KD, Hanifin JM (1983) Thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP-5) improves clinical parameters and lymphocyte subpopulation in atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 8: 372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan RJ, Daman L, Rosenberg W, Feigenbaum S (1978) Topical use of caffeine with hydrocortisone in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 114: 60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kavli G, Larsen PÖ (1981) Double-blind crossover trial comparing systemic chromone-carboxylic acid with placebo in patients with atopic dermatitis. Allergy 36: 597

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keczkes K, Frain-Bell W, Honeyman AL, Sprunt G (1967) The effect of adrenal function of treatment of eczema and psoriasis with triamcinolone acetonide. Br J Dermatol 79: 475

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinmont PDC (1958) Clinical trial. Arch Dermatol 77: 635

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kjellman NIM, Gustafsson IM (1986) Topical sodium cromoglycate in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 41: 423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kligman AM (1986) Topical steroids: perspectives and retrospectives. In: Ring J, Burg G (eds) New trends in allergy. II. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 342

    Google Scholar 

  • Kneist W, Rakoski J (1987) Neurodermitis atopica-Klimatherapie im Hochgebirge. Allergologie 10: 531

    Google Scholar 

  • Korossy S (1980) Allergic reactivity in persistent atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 92: 135

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause LB, Shuster S (1983) Mechanisms of action of antipruritic drugs. Br Med J 287: 1199

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lancet (editorial) (1969) Corticosteroid therapy and growth. Lancet I: 393

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen PÖ, Schultz Larsen F (1979) Clinical trial of a new choromone compound for systemic treatment of atopic dermatitis: Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 59: 270

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laurberg G (1975) Topical treatment with urea-hydrocortisone in atopic dermatitis. Dermatologica 151: 30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lever RS, MacKie R (1984) The use of sodium cromoglycate in young adults with severe chronic atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 9: 143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lever R, Downey D, Hadley K, Baber L, Hannigan C, MacKie R (1986) A double-blind study of the effect of topical mupirocin in chronic atopic dermatitis (abstract). Br J Dermatol (Suppl 30): 27

    Google Scholar 

  • Leyden JL, Kligman AM (1977) The case for steroid-antibiotic combination. Br J Dermatol 96: 179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein LM, Norman PS, Winkenwerder WL (1968) Clinical and in vitro studies on the role of immunotherapy in ragweed hay fever. Am Med J 44: 514

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindskov R, Knudsen L (1983) Oral disodium cromoglycate treatment of atopic dermatitis. Allergy 38: 161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linser K (1967) Bericht über die erste mit 450 Ekzem-und Asthma-Kranke auf einem schwim-menden Sanatorium durchgeführte Hochseeklimakur. Hautarzt 18: 423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovell CR, Burton JL, Horrobin DF (1982) Treatment of atopic eczema with evening primrose oil. Lancet I: 278

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKie RM (1981) Intestinal permeability and atopic disease. Lancet II: 155

    Google Scholar 

  • Manku MS, Horrobin DF, Morse NL, Wright S, Burton JL (1984) Essential fatty acids in the plasma phospholipids of patient with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 110: 643

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchionini A, Borelli S, Eichhoff D (1958) Konstitutions-Umwelt-und Klimafaktoren bei der konstitutionellen Neurodermitis. In: Halpern BN, Holtzer A (eds) 3ème Congrès International d’Allergologie. Flammarion, Paris, p 609

    Google Scholar 

  • Marghescu S (1983) Externe Kortikoidtherapie: Kontinuierliche versus diskontinuierliche Anwendung. Hautarzt 34: 1114

    Google Scholar 

  • Marghescu S (1985) Treatment of atopic dermatitis with steroids. Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 114: 157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marghescu S (1987) Die örtliche Behandlung der Neurodermitis atopica. Allergologie 10: 519

    Google Scholar 

  • Meigel W, Dettke T, Meigel EM, Lenze U (1987) Additive orale Therapie der atopischen Dermatitis mit ungesättigten Fettsäuren. Z Hautkr (Suppl 1): 100

    Google Scholar 

  • Melin L, Frederiksson T, Norén P, Swebilius BG (1986) Behavioral treatment of scratching in patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 115: 467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melton FM, Shelley WB (1950) The effect of topical antipruritic therapy on experimentally induced pruritis in man. J Invest Dermatol 15: 325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Middelfart K, Stenvold SE, Volden G (1985) Combined UVB and UVA phototherapy of atopic eczema. Dermatologia 171: 95

    Google Scholar 

  • Molkhou P, Waguet JC (1981) Food allergy and atopic dermatitis in children: treatment with oral sodium cromoglycate. Ann Allergy 47: 173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morison WL (1985) PUVA combination therapy. Photodermatology 2: 229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morison WL, Parrish JA, Fitzpatrick TB (1978) Oral photochemotherapy of atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 98: 25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison GL, Schulz EJ (1978) Treatment of eczema with cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. Br J Dermatol 98: 203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morton F, Lever RS, Hadley KM, MacKie RM (1988) The importance of staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis (abstract). Br J Dermatol 118: 280

    Google Scholar 

  • Muelleman PJ, Doyle JA (1986) Eczema herpeticum treated with oral acyclovir. J Am Acad Dermatol 15: 716

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nexmand PH (1948) Clinical studies of Prurigo Besnier. Rosenkilde and Bagger, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen H, Thomsen B, Djurup R, Söndergaard E et al. (1984) Plasma separation in patients with bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E. Allergy 39: 329

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polano MK, Vries de HR, Delver A (1960) Analysis of the results obtained in the treatment of atopic dermatitis with corticosteroid and neomycin containing ointments. Dermatologica 120: 191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prahl P, Skov P, Minuva U, Weeke B, Nexö B (1981) Estimation of affinity and quantity of human antigen-specific serum IgG (blocking antibodies). Allergy 36: 555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pullman H, Möres E, Reinbach S (1985) Wirkungen von Infrarot-und UVA-Strahlen auf die menschliche Haut und ihre Wirksamkeit bei der Behandlung des endogenen Ekzems. Z Hautkr 60: 171

    Google Scholar 

  • Pürschel W (1962) Zum konstitutionellen Ekzem mit/ohne Asthma bronchiale. Z Haut Geschlechtskr 32: 321

    Google Scholar 

  • Pürschel W (1987) Neurodermitis atopica-Klimabehandlung am Meer. Allergologie 10: 526

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajka E, Korossy S, Gozony M (1956) Zur Pathogenese des urtikariell-entzündlichen Juckens. III. Quantitative Untersuchung der das lokale Morphium-Jucken beeinflussenden Arznei-mittel. Dermatologia 112: 81

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajka G (1963) Studies in hypersensitivity to molds and staphylococci in prurigo Besnier (atopic dermatitis). Acta Derm Venereol (Suppl 54)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajka G (1968) Evaluation of drug influence on the itch duration in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, various eczemas and psoriasis. II: Experiments in unaffected skin. Comparisons with itch threshold technique and clinical evaluation. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 48: 98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajka G (1980) Recent therapeutic events: Cimetidine and PUVA. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) [Suppl 92] p 117

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen JE (1984) Recent developments in the management of patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 74: 771

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR (1986) Treatment of atopic dermatitis: old and new modalities. Clin Rev Allergy 4: 87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ring J (1982) Successful hyposensitization treatment in atopic eczema: results of a trial in monozygotic twins. Br J Dermatol 107: 597

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rocklin RE, Scheffer AL, Greneider DK, Melmon KL (1980) Generation of antigen-specific suppressor cells during allergy desensitization. N Engl J Med 302: 1213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum MS, Ayillon T (1981) The behavioural treatment of neurodermitis through habit-reversal. Behav Res Ther 19: 313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rostenberg A, Sulzberger MB (1937) Some results of patch tests. A compilation and discussion of cutaneous reactions to about five hundred different substances as elicited by over ten thousand tests in approximately one thousand patients. Arch Derm Syph 35: 433

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth HL (1987) Atopic dermatitis revisited. Int J Dermatol 26: 139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruzicka T (1980) Effect of theophylline in atopic dermatitis: a double-blind cross-over study. Arch Dermatol Res 269: 109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sannwald C, Ortonne JP, Thivolet J (1979) La photochimiothérapie orale de l’eczéma atopique. Dermatologia 159: 71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savin JA (1980) Do systemic antipruritic agents work? J Dermatol 102: 113

    Google Scholar 

  • Savin JA, Peterson WD, Oswald I (1973) Scratching during sleep. Br J Dermatol 93: 296

    Google Scholar 

  • Savin JA, Peterson WD, Oswald I, Adam K (1975) Further studies of scratching during sleep. Br J Dermatol 93: 297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schalin-Karilla M, Mattila L, Jansen CT, Uotila P (1987) Evening primrose oil in the treatment of atopic eczema: effect on clinical status, plasma phospholipid fatty acids and circulating blood prostaglandins. Br J Dermatol 117: 11

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholtz J (1964) Management of atopic dermatitis. Calif Med 100: 103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz Larsen F, Jacobsen KU (1980) Atopic dermatitis and systemic treatment with a new chromone compound (FPL 57787), a double blind clinical trial. Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 92: 128

    Google Scholar 

  • Scoggins RB (1962) Decrease of urinary corticosteroid following application of a fluocinolone acetonide under an occlusive dressing. J Invest Dermatol 39: 473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sedlis E (1965) Some controlled observations with topical therapy. J Pediatr 66 (2): 255

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seidenari S, Mosca M, Taglietti M, Manco S (1986) Specific hyposensitization in atopic dermatitis.Dermatologica 172: 229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sevel D, Weinberg EG, Van Niekerk CH (1977) Lenticular complications of long-term steroid therapy in children with asthma and eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol 60: 215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seymour JL, Keswick BH, Hanifin JM, Jordan WP, Milligan MS (1987) Clinical effects of diaper types of the skin of normal infants with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 17: 988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shelley WB, Arthur RP (1957) The neurohistology and neurophysiology of the itch sensation in man. Arch Dermatol 76: 296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman WB, Stull A, Cooke R (1939/1940) Serologic changes in hay fever cases treated over a period of years. J Allergy 11: 225

    Google Scholar 

  • Skogh M (1986) Atopic eczema unresponsive to evening primrose oil (linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid). J Acad Dermatol 15: 114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sneddon IB (1979) Adverse effects of topical fluorinated corticosteroids in rosacea. Br Med J I: 671

    Google Scholar 

  • Söndergaard J, Kassis V, Knudsen L, Wadskov S, Wünscher B, Weismann K (1980) Cromones in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 267: 223

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strannegård IL, Hansson L, Lindholm L et al. (1975) Transfer factor in severe atopic diseases. Lancet II: 702

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudilovski A, Muir JG, Bocobo FC (1981) A comparison of single and multiple applications of halcinonide cream. Int J Dermatol 20: 609

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulzberger MB (1975) Atopic dermatitis. In: Maddin S (ed) Current dermatologic management. Mosby, St. Louis, p 106

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanbeck G (1968) New treatment of ichthyosis and other hyperkeratotic conditions. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 48: 123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanbeck G, Rajka G (1970) Antipruritic effect of urea solutions. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 50: 225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swart RNJ, Vermeer BJ, van der Meer JWM, Enschede FAJ, Versteeg J (1983) Treatment of eczema herpeticum with acyclovir. Arch Dermatol 119: 13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taieb A, Fontan I, Maleville J (1985) Acyclovir therapy for eczema herpeticum in infants. Arch Dermatol 121: 1380

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamir R, Castracane JM, Rocklin RE (1987) Generation of suppressor cells in atopic patients during immunotherapy that modulate IgE synthesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 79: 591

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taub SJ, Zakon SJ (1935) Use of unsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of eczema. JAMA 105: 1675

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor LS, Malkinson FD, Sak C (1965) Pituitary-adrenal function following topical triamcinolone acetonide and occlusion. Arch Dermatol 92: 174

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen K, Osmundsen PE (1965) Guanethidine in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 92: 418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uehara M, Takada K (1985) Use of soap in the management of atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 10: 419

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Joost T, Stol E, Heule F (1987) Efficacy of low-dose cyclosporine in severe atopic skin disease. Arch Dermatol 123: 166

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vickers CFH (1982) Treatment of severe atopic eczema with potent steroids (abstract). Br J Dermatol 107 (Suppl 22): 39

    Google Scholar 

  • Viglioglia PA (1962) Guanethidine as an antipruritic. Arch Dermatol 85: 472

    Google Scholar 

  • Wachs GN, Maibach HI (1976) Co-operative double-blind trial of an antibiotic/corticoid combination in impetiginized atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 95: 323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waisman M (1972) Atopic dermatitis. In: Conn HF (ed) Current therapy. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • White MI, Jenkinson DM, Lloyd DH (1987) The effect of washing on the thickness of the stratum corneum in normal and atopic individuals. Br J Dermatol 116: 525

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woolfson H (1984) Oral acyclovir in eczema herpeticum. Br Med J 288: 531

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright S (1985) Atopic dermatitis and essential fatty acids: a biochemical basis for atopy? Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 114: 143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright S, Burton JL (1982) Oral evening primrose-seed oil improves eczema. Lancet II: 1120

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto K (1989) How doctor’s advice is followed by mothers of atopic children. Acta Derm Venereol (Suppl 144) (Stockh) (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zachariæ H, Thestrup-Pedersen K, Thulin H et al. (1980) Experimental treatment in atopic dermatitis: immunological background and preliminary results. Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 92: 121

    Google Scholar 

  • Zachariæ H, Cramer M, Herlin T, Jensen J, Kragballe K, Ternowitz T, Thestrup-Pedersen K (1985) Non-specific immunotherapy and specific hyposensitization in severe atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh) 114: 48

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Rikshospitalet, Pilestredet 32, N-0027, Oslo 1, Norway

    Professor Dr. Georg Rajka

Authors
  1. Professor Dr. Georg Rajka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rajka, G. (1989). Management of AD. In: Essential Aspects of Atopic Dermatitis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74766-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74766-3_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74768-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74766-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation