Skip to main content

The Serology of Capsular Antigens

  • Conference paper
Bacterial Capsules

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 150))

Abstract

The serology of capsular antigens will primarily be understood by the present authors as the principles that determine the use of immunologic reactions for the detection of capsular antigens, and the application of such reactions for the identification and subdivision of bacteria. Other aspects of the biology of bacterial capsules will be covered in other chapters of this volume.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abe C, Schmitz S, Jann B, Jann K (1988) Monoclonal antibodies against O and K antigens of uro- pathogenic Escherichia coli O4:K12:H- as opsonins. FEMS Microbiol Lett 51: 153–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Achtman M, Pluschke G (1986) Clonal analysis of descent and virulence among selected Escherichia coli. Annu Rev Microbiol 40: 185–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Achtman M, Mercer A, Kusecek B, Pohl A, Heuzenroeder M, Aaronson W, Sutton A, Silver RP (1983) Six widespread clones among Escherichia coli isolates. Infect Immun 39: 315–335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adlam C, Knights JM, Mugridge A, Lindon JC, Williams JM, Beesley JE (1985) Purification, characterization and immunological properties of the capsular polysaccharide of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype T15: its identity with the K62 (K2ab) capsule polysaccharide of Escherichia coli and the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup H. J Gen Microbiol 131: 1963 to 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan I, Loeb MR, Moxon ER (1987) Limited genetic diversity of Haemophilus influenzae (type b). Microbiol Pathogen 2: 139–145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anhalt JP, Yu PKW (1975) Counterimmunoelectrophoresis of pneumococcal antigens : improved sensitivity for the detection of types VII and XIV. J Clin Microbiol 2: 510–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Austrian R (1973) Cross-reactions between pneumococcal and streptococcal polysaccharides. In: Robbins JB, Horton RE, Krause RM (eds) New approaches for inducing natural immunity to pyogenic organisms. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, pp 39–44 (DHEW publication no (NIH) 74–553)

    Google Scholar 

  • Austrian R (1976) The quellung reaction, a neglected microbiological technique. Mt Sinai J Med (N4) 43: 669–709

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayer ME, Thurow H (1977) Polysaccharide capsules of Escherichia coli : microscope study of its size, structure and sites of synthesis. J Bacteriol 130: 911–936

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bitter-Suermann D, Görgen I, Frosch M (1986) Monoclonal antibodies to weak immunogenic Escherichia coli and meningococcal polysaccharides. In : Normark S (ed) Protein carbohydrate interactions in biological systems. Academic, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw MW, Schneerson R, Parke JC, Robbins JB (1971) Bacterial antigens cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Lancet 1: 1095–1096

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carter GR (1962) Animal serotypes of Pasteurella multocida from human infections. Can J Public Health 53: 158–164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carter GR (1981) The genus Pasteurella. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Triiper HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG (eds) The prokaryotes, vol 2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Caugant DA, Levin BR, Ørskov I, Ørskov F, Eden CS, Selander RK (1985) Genetic diversity in relation to serotype in Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 49: 407–413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caugant DA, Frøholm LO, Bøvre K, Holten E, Frasch CE, Mocca LF, Zollinger WD, Selander RK (1986) Intercontinental spread of genetically distinctive complex of clones of Neisseria meningitidis causing epidemic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 4927–4931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danielson D, Kaijser B, Olcén P (1979) Rapid typing of Escherichia coli K1 containing bacteria using the co-agglutination technique. FEMS Microbiol Lett 5: 123–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle RJ, Keller KF, Ezzell JW (1985) Bacillus. In: Lennette EH, Balows A, Hausier WJ, Shadomy HJ (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology, 4th edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Duguid JP (1951) The demonstration of bacterial capsules and slime. J Pathol Bacteriol 63: 673–685

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Echarti C, Hirschel B, Boulnois GJ, Varley JM, Waldvogel F, Timmis KN (1983) Cloning and analysis of the K1 capsule biosynthesis genes of Escherichia coli : lack of homology with Neisseria meningitidis group B DNA sequences. Infect Immun 41: 54–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edmondson AS, Cooke EM (1979) The production of antisera to the Klebsiella capsular antigens. J Appl Bacteriol 46: 579–584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ewing WH (1986) Edwards and Ewing’s identification of Enterobacteriaceae, 4th edn. Elsevier, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewing WH, Davis BR, Reaves RW (1959) Studies on the Serratia group. CDC, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • Felix A, Bhatnagar SS, Pitt RM (1934) Observations on the properties of the Vi antigen of B. typhosus. Br J Exp Pathol 15: 346–354

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fournier JM, Bouvet A, Boutonnier A, Audorier A, Goldstein F, Pierre J, Bure A, et al. (1987) Predominance of capsular polysaccharide type 5 among oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 25: 1932–1933

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frosch M, Görgen I, Boulnois GJ, Timmis KN, Bitter-Suermann D (1985) NZB mouse system for production of monoclonal antibodies to weak bacterial antigens : isolation of an IgG antibody to the Dolysaccharide capsules Escherichia coli K1 and group B meningococci. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 1194–1198

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frosch M, Roberts I, Görgen I, Metzger S, Boulnois GJ, Bitter-Suermann D (1987) Serotyping and genotyping of encapsulated Escherichia coli K1 sepsis isolates with a monoclonal IgG anti K1 antibody and K1 gene probes. Microb Pathogen 2: 319–326

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fung JC, Tilton RC (1985) Detection of bacterial antigens by counter Immunoelectrophoresis, coagglutination and latex agglutination. In: Lennette EH, Balows A, Hausier WJ, Shadomy HJ (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology, 4th edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Goebel WF (1963) Colanic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 49: 464–471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman RC, White D, Ørskov F, Ørskov I, Rick PD, Lewis MS, Bhattacharjee A, Leive L (1982) A surface polysaccharide of Escherichia coli 0111 contains 0 antigen and inhibits agglutination of cells by 0 serum. J Bacteriol 151: 1210–1221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman RE, Joiner K, Leive L (1984) Serum-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli 0111 contain increased lipopolysaccharide, lack an 0 antigen-contammg capsule and cover more of their lipid A core with 0 antigen. J Bacteriol 159: 877–882

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grados O, Ewing WH (1970) Antigenic relationships between Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis group B. J Infect Dis 122: 100–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross RJ, Cheasty T, Rowe B (1977) Isolation of bacteriophages specific for the K1 polysaccharide antigen of Escherichia coll. J Clin Microbiol 6: 548–550

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guirguis NR, Schneerson R, Bax A, Egan W, Robbins JB, Shiloach J, Ørskov I, et al. (1985) Escherichia coli K51 and K93 capsular polysaccharides are cross-reactive with group A capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis. J Exp Med 162: 1837–1851

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta DS, Jann B, Schmidt G, Golecki JR, Ørskov I, Ørskov F, Jann K (1982) Coliphage K5, specific for E. coli exhibiting the capsular K5 antigen. FEMS Microbiol Lett 14: 75–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidelberger K, Jann B, Jann K, Ørskov F, Ørskov I (1968) Relations between structures of three K polysaccharides of Escherichia coli and cross-reactivity in anti-pneumococcal sera. J Bacteriol 95: 2415–2417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heidelberger M, Nimmich W, Eriksen J, Dutton GGS, Stirm S, Fang CT (1975) Cross-reactions of Klebsiella. Immunochemical relationships indicated by cross-reactions in anti-pneumococcal sera and tested in anti-Klebsiella sera. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 83: 397–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidelberger M, Nimmich W, Eriksen J, Stirm S (1978) More on cross-reactions of pneumococci and klebsiella. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 86: 313–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidelberger M, Jann K, Jann B (1985) Cross-reactions of Escherichia coli K and O polysaccharides in anti-pneumococcal and anti-Salmonella sera. J Exp Med 162: 1350–1358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendley JO, Powell KR, Rodewald R, Holzgrefe HH, Lyles R (1977) Demonstration of a capsule on Neisseria gonorrhoeae. N Engl J Med 296: 608–611

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendley JO, Powell KR, Salomonsky NL, Rodewald RR (1981) Electron microscopy of the gonococcal capsule. J Infect Dis 143: 796–802

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henrichsen J (1979) Pneumococcal typing. J Infect [Suppl 2] 1: 31–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Henrichsen J, Ferrieri P, Jelinkova J, Köhler W, Maxted WR (1984) Nomenclature of antigens of group B streptococci. Int J Syst Bacteriol 34: 500

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochkeppel HK, Braun DG, Vischer W, Imm A, Sutter S, Steubli V, Guggenheim R, et al. (1987) Serotyping and electron microscopy studies of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates with monoclonal antibodies to capsular polysaccharide types 5 and 8. J Clin Microbiol 25: 526–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren JG, Eggertsen G, Hanson LÅ, Lincoln K (1969) Immunodiffusion studies on Escherichia coli. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 76: 304–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosieth SK, Conelly CJ, Moxon ER (1985) Genetics of a spontaneous high frequency loss of b capsule expression in Haemophilus influenzae. Infect Immun 49: 389–395

    Google Scholar 

  • Jann B, Jann K, Schmidt G, Ørskov I, Ørskov F (1975) Immunochemical studies of the polysaccharide surface antigens of Escherichia coli 0100:K?(B):H2. Eur J Biochem 15: 29–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Jann K, Jann B (1983) The K antigens of Escherichia coli. Prog Allergy 33: 53–79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jann K, Jann B (1987) Polysaccharide antigens of Escherichia coli. Rev Infect Dis [Suppl 5] 9: S517–S526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaijser B (1977) A simple method for typing of acidic polysaccharide K antigens of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1: 285–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Karakawa WW, Vann WF (1982) Capsular polysaccharides of Staphylococcus aureus. In: Weinstein L, Fields BN (eds) Bacterial vaccines. Thieme-Stratton, New York (Seminars in infectious diseases, vol 4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Karakawa WW, Fournier JM, Vann WF, Arbeit R, Schneerson R, Robbins JB (1985) Method for the serological typing of the capsular polysaccharides of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 22: 445–447

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasper DL (1976) The polysaccharide capsule of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis : immunochemical and morphologic definition. J Infect Dis 133: 79–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasper DL, Lindberg AA, Weintraub A, Onderdonk AB, Lönngren J (1984) Capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides from two strains of Bacteroides fragilis. Rev Infect Dis [Suppl 1] 6: S25–S29

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kauffmann F (1935) Über einen neuen serologischen Formenwechsel der Typhusbacillen. Z Hyg 116: 617–651

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffmann F (1944) Zur Serologie der Coli-Gruppe. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 21: 20–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffmann F (1949) On the serology of the Klebsiella group. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 26:381–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffmann F (1954) Enterobacteriaceae, 2nd edn. Munksgaard, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffmann F, Vahlne G (1945) Über die Bedeutung des serologischen Formenwechsels für die Bakteriophagenwirkung in der Coli-Gruppe. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 22: 119–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilian M (1985) Haemophilus. In: Lennette EH, Balows A, Hausier WJ, Shadomy HJ (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology, 4th edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Knipschildt HE (1945) Coligruppens serologi, med særligt henblik på kapselformerne. Nyt Nordisk, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuo J S-C, Doelling VW, Graveline JF, McCoy DW (1985) Evidence for covalent attachment of phospholipid to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae. J Bacteriol 163: 769–773

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen JC, Ørskov F, Ørskov I, Schmidt MA, Jann B, Jann K (1980) Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and chemical structural analysis used for characterization of two varieties of Escherichia coli K2 polysaccharide antigen. Med Microbiol Immunol 168: 191–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lenette EH, Balows A, Hausier WJ, Shadomy HJ (eds) (1985) Manual of clinical microbiology, 4th edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund E, Henrichsen J (1978) Laboratory diagnosis, serology and epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methods Microbiol 12: 241–262

    Google Scholar 

  • McCallus DE, Norcross NL (1987) Antibody specific for Escherichia coli J5 cross-reacts to various degrees with an Escherichia coli clinical isolate grown for different lengths of time. Infect Immun 55: 1042–1046

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morello JA, Janda WM, Bonhoff M (1985) Neisseria and Branhamella. In: Lennette EH, Balows A, Hausier WJ, Shadomy HJ (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology, 4th edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Moreno C, Hewitt J, Hastings K, Brown D (1983) Immunological properties of monoclonal antibodies specific for meningococcal polysaccharides : the protective capacity of IgM antibodies specific for polysaccharide group B. J Gen Microbiol 129 : 2451–2456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myerowitz RL, Albers AC, Yee RB, Ørskov F (1977) Relationship of K1 antigen to biotype in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. J. Clin Mikrobiol 6: 124–127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neufeld F (1902) Agglutination der Pneumokokken. Z Hyg Infektions 40: 54–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Nimmich W, Zingler G (1984) Biochemical characteristics, phage patterns, and 01 factor analysis of Escherichia coli O1 :K1 :H7:F11 and O1 :K1 :H- :F9 strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Med Microbiol Immunol 173: 75–85

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ochman H, Whittam TS, Caugant DA, Selander RK (1983) Enzyme polymorphism and genetic population structure in Escherichia coli and Shigella. J Gen Microbiol 129: 2715–2726

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov F (1976) Agar electrophoresis combined with second dimensional Cetavlon precipitation. A new method for demonstration of acidic polysaccharide K antigens. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 84: 319–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov F, Ørskov I (1978) Serotyping of Enterobacteriaceae, with special emphasis on K antigen determination. Methods Microbiol 11: 1–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov F, Ørskov I (1984) Serotyping of Escherichia coli. Methods Microbiol 14: 43–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov F, Ørskov I, Jann B, Jann K (1971) Immunoelectrophoretic patterns of extracts from all Escherichia coli O and K antigen test strains correlation with pathogenicity. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 79: 142–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov F, Ørskov I, Evans DJ Jr, Sack RB, Sack DA, Wadström T (1976) Special Escherichia coli serotypes among enterotoxigenic strains from diarrhea in adults and children. Med Microbiol Immunol 162: 73–80

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov F, Ørskov I, Sutton A, Schneerson R, Lin W, Egan W, Hoff GE, Robbins JB (1979) Form variation in Escherichia coli K1 determined by O-acetylation of the capsular polysaccharide. J Exp Med 149: 669–685

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov F, Sharma V, Ørskov I (1984) Influence of growth temperature on the development of Escherichia coli polysaccharide K antigens. J Gen Microbiol 130: 2681–2684

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov I (1956) “Immunological paralysis” induced in rabbits by a heavy capsulated Klebsiella strain. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 38: 375–384

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov I (1981) The genus Klebsiella (medical aspects). In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Trüper HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG (eds) The prokaryotes, vol 2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov I, Nyman K (1974) Genetic mapping of the antigenic determinants of two polysaccharide K antigens. J Bacteriol 120: 43–51

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov I, Ørskov F (1970) The K antigens of Escherichia coli. Re-examination and re-evaluation of L antigens. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 78: 593–604

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov I, Ørskov F (1984) Serotyping of Klebsiella. Methods Microbiol 14: 143–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov I, Sharma V, Ørskov F (1976) Genetic mapping of the K1 and K4 antigens (L) of Escherichia coli. Non-allelism of K (L) antigens with K antigens of O8: K27(A), 08 : K8(L) and 09:K57(B). Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 84: 125–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov I, Ørskov F, Jann B, Jann K (1977) Serology, chemistry, and genetics of O and K antigens of Escherichia coli. Bacteriol Rev 41: 667–710

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov I, Birch-Andersen A, Duguid JP, Stenderup J, Ørskov F (1985) An adhesive protein capsule of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 47: 191–200

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perch B (1950) Capsular swelling of Salmonella M forms and their antigenic relationship to Klebsiella capsules. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 27: 565–571

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perch B, Pedersen KB, Henrichsen J (1983) Serology of capsulated streptococci pathogenic for pigs: six new serotypes of Streptococcus suis. J Clin Microbiol 17: 993–996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrie GF (1932) A specific precipitin reaction associated with the growth on agar plates of meningococcus, pneumococcus and B-dysenteriae (Shiga). Br J Exp Pathol 13: 380–894

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pittman M (1931) Variation and type specificity in the bacterial species Hemophilus influenzae. J Exp Med 53:471–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pluschke K, Moll A, Kusecek B, Achtman M (1986) Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polysaccharide gel electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies as tools for the subgrouping of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide O18 and 023 antigens. Infect Immun 51: 286–293

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porras O, Caugant DA, Gray B, Lagergård T, Levin BR, Svanborg Edén C (1986) Difference in structure between type b and nontypable Haemophilus influenzae populations. Infect Immun 53: 79–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reimann K, Heise H, Blom J (1988) Attempts to demonstrate a polysaccharide capsule in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. APMIS 96: 735–740

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins JB, Gotschlich EC, Liu TY, Schneerson R, Handzel ZT, Argaman M, Parke JC Jr, Myerowith RL (1973) Bacterial antigens cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis groups A and C and Diplococcus pneumoniae types I and III. In : Robbins JB, Horton RE, Krause RM (eds) New approaches for inducing natural immunity to pyogenic organisms. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, pp 45–56 (DHEW publication no. (NIH) 74–553)

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Liu T-Y, Schiffer M-S, Schiffman G, Myerowitz RL, McCracken GH, et al. (1975) Cross-reacting bacterial antigens and immunity to disease caused by encapsulated bacteria. In: Neter E, Milgram F (eds) The immune system and infectious diseases. 4th International Convocation on Immunology, Buffalo, NY. Karger, New York, pp 218–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts M, Roberts I, Korhonen TK, Jann K, Bitter-Suermann D, Boulnois GJ, Williams PH (1988) DNA probes for K-antigen (capsule) typing of Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 26: 385–387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakazaki R, Tamura K, Kato T, Obara Y, Yamai S, Hobo K (1968) Studies on the enteropathogenic facultatively halophilic bacteria, Vibrio üarahaemolyticus III. Enteropathogenicity. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 21: 325–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders JR (1986) The genetic basis for phase and antigenic variation in bacteria. In: Birkbeck TH, Penn CW (eds) Antigenic variation in infectious diseases. IRL, Oxford (Special publications of the Society for General Microbiology, vol 19)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt MA, Jann K (1982) Phospholipid substitution of capsular (K) polysaccharide antigens from Escherichia coli causing extraintestinal infections. FEMS Microbiol Lett 14: 69–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneerson R, Bradshaw M, Whisnant JK, Myerowitz RL, Parke JE, Robbins JB (1972) An Escherichia coli antigen cross-reactive with capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b: occurrence among known serotypes and immunochemical and biologic properties of E. coli antisera toward H. influenzae type b. J Immunol 108: 1551–1562

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selander RK, Levin BR (1980) Genetic diversity and structure in Escherichia coli populations. Science 210: 545–547

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semjen G, Ørskov I, Ørskov F (1977) K antigen determination of Escherichia coli by counter-current Immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 85: 103–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Silver RP, Vann WF, Aaronson W (1984) Genetic and molecular analysis of Escherichia coli Kl antigen genes. J Bacteriol 157: 568–575

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith T, Bryant G (1927) Studies on pathogenic B coli from bovine sources. II. Mutations and their immunological singiflcance. J Exp Med 46: 133–140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Söderström T, Stein K, Brinton CC, Hosea S, Burch C, Hansson HA, Karpas A, et al. (1983) Serological and functional properties of monoclonal antibodies to Escherichia coli type I pilus and capsular antigens. Prog Allergy 33: 259–274

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szewczyk B, Taylor A (1983) Purification and immunochemical properties of Escherichia coli B polysaccharide cross-reacting with Salmonella typhi Vi antigen : preliminary evidence for cross-reaction of the polysaccharide with Escherichia coli Kl antigen. Infect Immun 41: 224–231

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai CM, Frasch CE (1982) A sensitive silver stain for detecting LPS in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 119: 115–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang RSW, Chau PY (1987) Production of Vi monoclonal antibodies and their application as diagnostic reagents. J Clin Microbiol 25: 531–535

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vahlne G (1945) Serological typing of colon bacteria. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [Suppl] 62: 1–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Vann WF, Söderström T, Egan W, Tsui F-P, Schneerson R, Ørskov I, Ørskov F (1983) Serological, chemical and structural analysis of the Escherichia coli cross-reactive capsular polysaccharides K13, K20, and K23. Infect Immun 39: 623–629

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams RP (1986) Bacillus anthracis and other aerobic spore-forming bacilli. In: Braude A (ed) Infectious diseases and medical microbiology, 2nd. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 270–278

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ørskov, F., Ørskov, I. (1990). The Serology of Capsular Antigens. In: Jann, K., Jann, B. (eds) Bacterial Capsules. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 150. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74694-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74694-9_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74696-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74694-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics