Abstract
During the production and handling of protoplasts, a variety of plasmalemmabound fragments may be produced. These fragments contain a portion of the cytoplasm and may or may not contain the nucleus (see Figs. 1-4). Enucleate plasmalemma-bound protoplast fragments have been observed in protoplasts preparations from explants of Pisum sativum leaves (Wallin et al. 1978), Allium cepa epidermis (Bradley 1978; Bracha and Sher 1981), Brassica oleracea cotyledons (Vatsya and Bhaskaran 1981), Lycopersicon esculentum fruits (De and Swain 1983), and Brassica napus hypocotyls (Spangenberg 1985; Spangenberg and Schweiger 1986; Spangenberg et al. 1986). Enucleate membrane-bound protoplast fragments form when protoplasts are derived from elongated unicellular filaments including Funaria hygrometrica protonema (Gwozdz and Waliszewska 1979), Nicotiana and Hyoscyamus muticus pollen tube cells (Lörz and Potrykus 1980a) and Gossypium hirsutum fibers (Gould et al. 1986). Enucleate membrane-bound protoplast fragments have also been produced from protoplasts derived from suspension cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum, N. sylvestris, Daucus carota (Wallin et al. 1978), Zea mays, H.muticus (Lörz et al. 1981), Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (Hoffmann 1981), Solanum nigrum (Lesney et al. 1983), Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Fakhrai and Evans 1986), Lycopersicon peruvianum, L.penelli, Petunia hybrida, and Solanum lycopersicoides (Tan 1987).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Archer EK, Landgren CR, Bonnett HT (1982) Cytoplast formation and enrichment from mesophyll tissues of Nicotiana spp. Plant Sci Lett 25:175―185
Aviv D, Galun E (1980) Restoration of fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile Nicotiana sylvestris by fusion with x-irradiated Nicotiana tabacum protoplasts. Theor Appl Genet 58: 121–128
Bajaj YPS (1974) Isolation and culture studies on pollen tetrad and pollen mother cell protoplasts. Plant Sci Lett 3:93 — 99
Binding H, Kollmann R (1976) The use of subprotoplasts for organelle transplantation. In: Dudits D, Farkas GL, Maliga P (eds) Cell genetics in higher plants. Académiai Kiado; Budapest, pp 191
Bonnett HT (1976) On the mechanism of the uptake of Vaucheria chloroplasts by carrot protoplasts treated with polyethylene glycol. Planta 131: 229–233
Bonnett HT, Eriksson T (1974) Transfer of algal chloroplasts into protoplasts of higher plants. Planta 120:71— 79
Bracha M, Sher N (1981) Fusion of enucleated plant protoplasts of Allium cepa L. Plant Sci Lett 23:95 —101
Bradley PM (1978) Production of enucleated plant protoplasts of Allium cepa. Plant Sci Lett 13:287 — 290
Davey MR, Frearson EM, Power JB (1976) Polyethylene glycol-induced transplantation of chloroplasts into protoplasts: an ultrastructural assessment. Plant Sci Lett 7: 7–16
De DN, Swain D (1983) Protoplasts, cytoplasts and sub-protoplasts from ripening tomato fruits: their nature and fusion properties. In: Sen SK, Giles KL (eds) Plant cell culture in crop improvement. Plenum, New York, pp 201–208
Fakhrai H, Evans P (1986) A productive method for bulk preparation of viable cytoplasts from suspension culture-derived protoplasts of Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus. Plant Physiol 80 (suppl): 38
Gould JH, Palmer RL, Dugger WM (1986) Isolation and culture of anucleate protoplasts from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber: assessment of viability and analysis of regenerated wall polymers. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 6: 61–72
Gwozdz EA, Waliszewska B (1979) Regeneration of enzymatically isolated protoplasts of the moss Funaria hygrometrica L. Sibth. Plant Sci Lett 15: 41–45
Harvey EN (1931) The tension at the surface of marine eggs, especially those of the sea urchin, Ar-bacia. Biol Bull 61: 273–279
Hoffmann F (1981) Formation of cytoplasts from giant protoplasts in culture. Protoplasma 107: 387–391
Izhar S, Powers JB (1979) Somatic hybridization in Petunia: a male sterile cytoplasmic hybrid. Plant Sci Lett 14: 49–55
Kumashiro T, Kubo T (1986) Cytoplasm transfer of Nicotiana debneyi to Nicotiana tabacum by protoplast fusion. Jpn J Breed 36: 39–48
Lesney MS, Callow PW, Sink KC (1983) A simplified method for bulk production of cytoplasts from suspension-culture derived protoplasts of Solanum nigrum L. In: Potrykus I, Harms CT, Hinnen A, Hütter R, King PJ, Shillito RD (eds) Protoplasts. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp 116–117
Lesney MS, Callow PW, Sink KC (1986) A technique for bulk production of cytoplasts and miniprotoplasts from suspension culture-derived protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep 5: 115–118
Lörz H, Potrykus I (1980) Isolation of subprotoplasts for genetic manipulation studies. In: Ferenczy L, Farkas GL, Lazar G (eds) Advances in protoplast research (Proc 5th Int Protoplast Symp) 7. 1979 Szeged, Hungary. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 377–382
Lörz H, Potrykus I (1980) Cytoplasts and mini-protoplasts: Isolation, characterization, culture and fusion of plant cell-derived sub-protoplasts. Eur J Cell Biol (abstr) 22: 502
Lörz H, Paszkowski J, Dierks-Ventling C, Potrykus I (1981) Isolation and characterization of cytoplasts and miniprotoplasts derived from protoplasts of cultured cells. Physiol Plant 53:385 —391
Maliga P (1982) Protoplasts of flowering plants and their use in cell genetic manipulation. Acta Bot Neerl 31: 249
Maliga P, Lörz H, Lazar G, Nagy F (1982) Cytoplast-protoplast fusion for interspecific chloroplast transfer in Nicotiana. Mol Gen Genet 185: 211–215
Miller RA, Gamborg OL, Keller WA, Kao KN (1971) Fusion and division of nuclei in multinucleated soybean protoplasts. Can J Genet Cytol 13: 347–353
Powers JB, Evans PK, Cocking EC (1977) Fusion of plant protoplasts. Cell Surf Rev 8: 370–385
Spangenberg G (1985) Different types of protoplasts from Brassica napus L.: analysis of conditioning effects at the single cell level. Eur J Cell Biol 39: 41–45
Spangenberg G, Schweiger HG (1986) Controlled electrofusion of different types of protoplasts and subprotoplasts including cell reconstitution in Brassica napus L. Eur J Cell Biol 41: 51–56
Spangenberg G, Neuhaus G, Schweiger HG (1986) Expression of foreign genes in cell reconstitution of a microinjected karyoplast and a cytoplast. Eur J Cell Biol 42: 236–238
Tan MLMC (1987) Somatic hybridization and cybridization in Solanaceous species. Academisch Proefschrift, Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam
Vatsya B, Bhaskaran S (1981) Production of sub-protoplasts in Brassica oleracea var. Capitata — a function of osmolarity of the media. Plant Sci Lett 23: 277–282
Wallin A, Glimelius K, Eriksson T (1978) Enucleation of plant protoplasts by cytochalasin B. Int J Plant Physiol 87:333–340
Yoshida Y (1961) Role of nucleus in cytoplasmic activities with special reference to the formation of surface membranes in Elodea leaf cells. Plant Cell Physiol 2: 139–156
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Landgren, C.R. (1989). Cytoplasts: Isolation and Uses. In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74454-9_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74454-9_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74456-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74454-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive