Abstract
It is worth recalling, not only as a mere curiosity, that as recently as the student years of today’s senior physicians, small doses of phenobarbitone were the best available treatment for hypertension. Phlebotomy and leeches were considered the last recourse in intractable cases, at least in some parts of Central Europe, when combinations of hypnotics, garlic extracts, and mistletoe failed to reduce blood pressure, and the patient, bleeding severely from the nose, was irreparably heading towards uremic death.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amery A, Birkenhager W, Brixko P, Bulpitt C, Clement D, Deruyttere M,, de Schaepdryver A et al. (1985a) Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly Trial. Lancet 1: 1349–1354
Amery A, Birkenhager W, Brixko P, Bulpitt C, Clement D,, de Leeuw P, de Plaen JF et al. (1985b) Influence of hypotensive drug treatment in the elderly hypertensives: study terminating events in the Trial of the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly. J Hypertens [Suppl 3] 3: S501–S508
Amery A, Birkenhager W, Brixko R, Bulpitt C, Clement D, Deruyttere M,, de Schaepdryver A et al. (1986) Efficacy of antihypertensive drug treatment according to age, sex, blood pressure, and previous cardiovascular disease in patients over the age of 60. Lancet 2: 589–592
Anderson RW (1978) Re-examination of some of the Framingham blood-pressure data. Lancet 2: 1139–1141
Bechgaard P (1946) Arterial hypertension. A follow-up study of one thousand hypertensives. Nyt Nordisk Copenhagen
Beevers DG, Fairman MJ, Hamilton M, Harpur JE (1973) Antihypertensive treatment and the course of established cerebral vascular disease. Lancet 1: 1407–1409
Bing RF, Heagerty AM, Russell GI, Swales JD, Thurston H (1986) Prognosis in malignant hypertension. J Hypertens [Suppl 6] 4: S42–S44
Boissel JP, Moleur P (1987) Problems with intervention trials in hypertension. Am Heart J 114: 1018–1024
Burnett CF, Evans JA (1955) Drug therapy in hypertension with haemorrhagic retinitis. N Engl J Med 253: 395–398
Capocaccia R, Farchi G, Moriotti S, Menotti A, Verdecchia A (1980) Manuale del rischio coranorico. Associazione Nationale Centri per le Malattie Cardiovascolari, Udine
Carter AB (1970) Hypertension therapy in stroke survivors. Lancet 1: 485–489
Committee of Principal Investigators (1978) A co-operative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using Clofibrate. Br Heart J 40: 1069–1118
Coope J, Warrender TS (1986) Randomised trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care. Br Med J 293: 1145–1151
Cooperative Randomized Controlled Trial (1973) Control of moderately raised blood pressure. Br Med J 3: 434–436
Cruickshank JM, Thorp JM, Zacharias FJ (1987a) Benefits and potential harm of lowering high blood pressure. Lancet 1: 581–584
Cruickshank JM, Pennert K, Sorman AE, Thorp JM, Zacharias FM (1987b) Low mortality from all causes, including myocardial infarction in well controlled hypertensives treated with beta-blocker plus other antihypertensives. J Hypertens 5: 489–498
Culter JA, Furberg CD (1965) Drug treatment trials in hypertension: A review. Prev Med 14: 499–518
Frant R, Groen J (1950) Prognosis of vascular hypertension. A nine year follow-up study of four hundred and eighteeen cases. Arch Intern Med 85: 727–750
Gordon T, Kannel WB (1973) Coronary risk handbook. Estimating risk of coronary heart disease in daily practice. American Heart Assoc, New York
Gordon T, Sorlie P, Kannel WB (1971) Coronary heart disease, atherothrombotic brain infarction, intermittent claudication—multivariate analysis of some factors related to their incidence, Framingham Study, 16-year follow-up, sect 27. US GPO, Washington
Hamilton M, Thompson EN, Wisnievski TKM (1964) The role of blood pressure control in preventing complications of hypertension. Lancet 1: 235–238
Helgeland A (1980) Treatment of mild hypertension: A five year controlled drug trial. Am J Med 69: 725–732
Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program Cooperative Group (1979) Five year finding of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension. JAMA 242: 2562–2571
Hypertension Detection and Follow–Up Program Cooperative Group (1982a) Five year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow–Up Program. III. Reduction in stroke incidence among persons with high blood pressure. JAMA 247: 633–638
Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program Cooperative Group (1982b) The effect of treatment on mortality in “mild” hypertension. Results of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program. N Engl J Med 307: 976–980
Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Prgram Cooperative Group (1984) Effect of stepped care treatment on the incidence of myocardial information and angina pectoris. 5-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program. Hypertension [Suppl 1] 6: 198–206
Hypertension Stroke Cooperative Study Group (1974) Effect of antihypertensive treatment on stroke recurrence. JAMA 229: 409–418
Italian Research Group (1986) Seven Countries Study: Twenty-five year incidence and prediction of coronary heart disease in two Italian rural population studies. Acta Cardiol (Brux) 41: 283–299
Kannel WB, Dowber TR (1974) Stroke risk handbook. Estimating risk of stroke in daily practice. American Heart Association, New York
Kannel WB, Gordon T (eds) (1973) The Framingham Study: An epidemiological investigation of cardiovascular disease. DHEW, Washington (Publication no (NIH) 74 )
Keys A (1980) Seven countries. A multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Harvard University Press, Cambridge/MA
Labarthe D (1986) Mild hypertension: the question of treatment. Annu Rev Public Health 7: 193–215
Macmahon SW, Cutler JA, Furberg CD, Payne GH (1986a) The effects of drug treatment for hypertension on morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease: A review of randomized controlled trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis [Suppl 1] 39: 99–118
MacMahon SW, Culter JA, Neaton JD, Furberg CD, Cohen JD, Kuller LH, Stamler J (1986b) Relationship of blood pressure to coronary and stroke morbidity and mortality in clinical trials and epidemiological studies. J Hypertens [Suppl 6] 4: S14–S17
Management Committee (1980) The Australian Therapeutic Trial in Mild Hypertension. Lancet 1: 1261–1267
McFate Smith W (1977) Treatment of mild hypertension. Results of a ten-year intervention trial. US Public Health Service Co-operative Study Group. Circ Res [Suppl 1] 40: 98–105
McMichael J, Murphy EA (1955) Methonium treatment of severe and malignant hypertension. J Chronic Dis 1: 527–535
Medalie JH, Goldbourt M (1973) Estimated probabilities of men aged 40 and over developing a first myocardial infarction in five years. Israel Ischemic Heart Disease Study. National Heart Institute USA, Bethesda, Ministry of Health Israel, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem
Medical Research Council Working Party (1985) MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension: principal results. Br Med J 291: 97–104
Miall WE, Greenberg G, Brennan PJ (1983) Controlled clinical trials in mild hypertension. Acta Med Scand [Suppl] 686: 67–74
Morgan TO, Adams WR, Hodgson M, Gibberd RW (1980) Failure of therapy to improve prognosis in elderly males with hypertension. Med J Aust 2: 27–31
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group (1982) Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Risk factor changes and mortality results. JAMA 248: 1465–1477
Page IH (1946) Arterial hypertension. In: Stroud WD (ed) The diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Davis, Philadelphia, pp 1413–1453
Perry HM (1977) Treatment of mild hypertension. Preliminary results of a two-year feasibility study. Cire Res [Suppl 1] 40: 180–187
Robertson JIS (1987) Hypertension and coronary risk: Possible adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs. Am Heart J 114: 1051–1054
Rose G (1987) Review of primary prevention trials. Am Heart J 114: 1014–1017
Sacks HD, Charlmers TC, Ancona Berk A, Reitman D (1985) Should mild hypertension be treated? An attempted meta–analysis of the clinical trials. M Sinai J Med (NU) 52: 265–270
Smithwick RH (1955) Hypertensive vascular disease. Results and indications for splanchnicectomy. J Chronic Dis 1: 477–496
Society of Actuaries (1959) Build and blood pressure study. Society of Actuaries, Chicago Sprackling ME, Mitchell JRA, Short AH, Watt G (1981) Blood pressure reduction in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial of methyldopa. Br Med J 283: 1151–1153
Stamler R, Stamler J (1983) “Mild” hypertension: risks and strategy for control. Prim Cardiol 9(10):150–166; 9(ll):12–25
Strasser T (1980) Hypertension related to health care-research priorities. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen (EURO reports and studies, vol 32 )
Strasser T (1982) Research policies in mild hypertension and the role of the WHO/ISH Liaison Committee, Clin Sei 63: 427s–430s
Strasser T (1986) Mild hypertension studies: A synthetic view. In: Hofmann H, Schrey A (ed) Bluthochdruck: Prävention kardiovaskulärer Risiken—Control of arterial hypertension in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Schattauer, Stuttgant
Strasser T (1987) Inferences from drug trials: Risks, probabilities, ethics and decision taking. In: Strasser T, Ganten D (eds) Mild hypertension: From drug trials to practice. Raven, New York
Strasser T, Raymond L, Jeanneret O (1983) Prévention cardio-vasculaire: Limites de la pharmacothérapie de l’hypertension artérielle. Med Soc Prev 28: 216–217
Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents (1967) Effects of treatment on morbidity of hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mmHg. JAMA 202: 116–122
Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents (1970) Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. II. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 114 mmHg. JAMA 213: 1143–1152
Weber MA (1987) Cardiovascular outcomes of treating high blood pressure. Am Heart J 114: 964–968
Welin L, Swärdsudd K, Wilhelmsen L, Larsson B, Tibblin G (1987) Analysis of risk factors for stroke in a cohort of men born in 1913. N Engl J Med 317: 521–526
WHO/ISH Mild Hypertension Liaison Committee (1982) Trials of the treatment of mild hypertension. An interim analysis. Lancet 1: 149–156
Wilcox RG, Mitchell JRA, Hampton JR (1986) Treatment of high blood pressure: should clinical practice be based on results of clinical trials? Br Med J 293: 433–437
Wolfe FW, Lindeman RD (1966) Effects of treatment in hypertension. Results of a controlled study. J Chronic Dis 19: 227–240
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Strasser, T. (1990). Prognosis of Treated and Untreated Hypertension. In: Ganten, D., Mulrow, P.J. (eds) Pharmacology of Antihypertensive Therapeutics. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 93 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74209-5_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74209-5_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74211-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74209-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive