Zusammenfassung
Im Gegensatz zu den Hypothesen, die in der Kindheit eine relativ einheitliche Familienkonstellation bei Schizophrenen annehmen, konnten wir mit Hilfe von faktoren- und clusteranalytischen Verfahren zeigen, daß zumindest die Elternkonstellation in der Kindheit Schizophrener uneinheitlich ist. Es konnte keine pathogene Elternkonstellation gefunden werden. Wohl aber konnten wir mit Hilfe der Ereignis-Daten-Analyse (Survival Analysis), einem in der Psychiatrie unüblichen Verfahren — nachweisen, daß bestimmte Elternmerkmale mit bestimmten Eigenschaften der Psychose in Zusammenhang stehen. Hier war es die schon lange bekannte, in ihrer Bedeutung aber verschieden interpretierte Overprotection der Mutter. Sie kann allerdings nicht für die Psychose als ganzes, sondern lediglich für den statistisch nachgewiesenen frühen Beginn der Erkrankung verantwortlich gemacht werden. Die frühe Ersterkrankung ist aber für den Verlauf von entscheidendem Gewicht.
Summary
Contrary to hypotheses, which propose that schizophrenics share a relatively similar background in terms of family constellation in their childhood, our studies applying factor- and cluster-analytical methods showed, that at least the parent constellation in the childhood of schizophrenics varied widely. Evidence for a pathogenic parent constellation could not be found. However, applying the Survival Analysis — a method not commonly used in the field of psychiatry — enabled us to show, that certain parent characteristics can be related to destinct criteria of the course of the disorder. In particular, we recognized the long suspected overprotection by the mother, a concept which in its significance underwent various interpretations. We emphasize, overprotection can not be made responsible for the total of a psychosis, only for a statistically demonstrated earlier first manifestation of the disorder. The earlier beginning of the disorder is of determining significance for its course.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Abelin EL (1971) The role of the father in the separation-individuation process. In: McDevitt JB, Settlage CF (eds) Separation — individuation, essays in honor of Margaret Mahler. Int. Univ. Press, New York
Alanen YO (1958) The mothers of schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 33 (Suppl 124)
Alanen YO et al. (1966) The family in the pathogenesis of schizophrenic and neurotic disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 42 (Suppl 187)
Alanen YO (1968) From the mothers of schizophrenic patients to interactional dynamics. In: Rosenthal D, Kety SS (eds) The transmission of schizophrenia. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, pp 201–212
Alanen YO (1980) In search of the interactional origin of schizophrenia. In: Holling CK, Lewis JM (eds) „The family“ — evaluation and treatment. Brunner/Mazel, New York
Arieti S (1968) The psychodynamics of schizophrenia: A reconsideration. Am J Psychother 22:366–381
Bateson G, Jackson DD, Haley J, Weakland JW (1956) Towards a theory of schizophrenia. Behav Sci 1:251–264. Dt.: Auf dem Weg zu einer Schizophrenie-Theorie. In: Bateson, Jackson, Laing, Lidz, Wynne u. a. (1969) Schizophrenie und Familie. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, S 9–43
Brody EB (1981) Can mother-infant interaction produce vulnerability to schizophrenia? J Nerv Ment Dis 169(2):72–81
Forrest T (1967) The paternal roots of male character development. Psychoanal Rev 54:81–99
Frank GH (1965) The role of the family in the development of psychopathology. Psychol Bull 64 (3): 191–205
Gardner GG (1967) Role of maternal psychopathology in male and female schizophrenics. J Consult Psychol 31 (4):411–413
Garmezy N, Clarke AR, Stockner C (1961) Child rearing attitudes of mothers and fathers as reported by schizophrenic and normal patients. J Abnorm Soc Psychol 63 (1): 176–182
Gerard DL, Siegel MJ (1950) The family background of schizophrenia. J Psychiat Quart 24:47
Goldstein MJ, Rodnick EH (1975) The family’s contribution to the etiology of schizophrenia: Current status. Schizophr Bull 14:48–63
Goldstein MJ, Judd L, Rodnick EH, Alkire A, Gould E (1968) A method for studying social influence and coping patterns within families of disturbed adolescents. J Nerv Ment Dis 147:233–251
Goldstein MJ, Rodnick EH, Jones JE, McPherson SR, West KL (1978) Family precursors of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In: Wynne LC, Cromwell RJL, Matthysse S (eds) The nature of schizophrenia. Wiley, New York, pp 487–498
Grube M, Hartwich P (1983) The potential of aggressiveness in families of schizophrenics in relation to the danger of relapse. Arch Psych Neurol Sci 233:247–251
Hill LB (1956) Psychotherapeutic intervention in schizophrenia. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago
Hill LB (1958) Der psychotherapeutische Eingriff in die Schizophrenie. Thieme, Stuttgart
Hirsch SR, Leff JP (1975) Abnormalities in parents of schizophrenics. Maudsley Monograph, No 22, London
Jacob T (1975) Family interaction in disturbed and normal families: A methodological and substantive review. Psychol Bull 18:35–65
Kasanin J, Knight E, Sage P (1934) The parent-child relationship in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 79:249–263
Laing RD, Esterson A (1964) Sanity, madness and the family, Vol I: Families of schizophrenics. Tavistock, London
Lang H (1982) Struktural-analytische Gesichtspunkte zum Verständnis der schizophrenen Psychose. In: Janzarik W (Hrsg) Psychopathologische Konzepte der Gegenwart. Enke, Stuttgart
Leff JP (1976) Schizophrenia and sensitivity to the family environment. Schizophr Bull 2:566–574
Levy D (1931) Maternal overprotection and rejection. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 25:886–889
Lidz RW, Lidz T (1976) Loslösung aus symbiotischer Elternbeziehung. In: Matussek P (Hrsg) Psychotherapie schizophrener Psychosen. Hoffmann & Campe, Hamburg
Lidz T, Comelison A, Fleck S, Terry D (1957) Marital schism and marital skew. Am J Psychiatry 114:241–248. Dt.: Spaltung und Strukturverschiebung in der Ehe. In: Bateson, Jackson, Laing, Lidz, Wynne u. a. (1969) Schizophrenie und Familie. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, S 108–127
Liem JH (1980) Family studies of schizophrenia: An update and commentary. Schizophr Bull 6(3):429–435
Matussek P, Triebel A (1974) Die Wirksamkeit der Psychotherapie bei 44 Schizophrenen. Nervenarzt 45:569–575
Matussek P, Bovensiepen G, Triebel A (1977) Zur Psychodynamik der Berufsentwicklung bei 40 Schizophrenen. Nervenarzt 48:211–218
McGhie A (1961) A comparative study of the mother-child relationship in schizophrenia. Br J Med Psychol 34:195–208
Neumann C, Matussek P (1966) Prognostische Kriterien bei der Psychotherapie schizophrener Psychosen. Z Psychother Med Psychol 16:51–60
Rosen B, Klein DF, Gittelmann-Klein R (1971) The prediction of rehospitalization: The relationship between age of first psychiatric treatment contact, marital status and premorbid asocial adjustment. J Nerv Ment Dis 152:17–21
Rosenthal D, Kety SS (1968) The transmission of schizophrenia. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Sass LA, Gunderson JG, Singer TM, Wynne LC (1984) Parental communication deviance and forms of thinking in male schizophrenic offspring. J Nerv Ment Dis 172:513–520
Slipp S (1973) The symbiotic survival pattern: A relational theory of schizophrenia. Fam Proc 12:377–398
Vaughn DE, Leff JP (1976) The measurement of expressed emotion in the families of psychiatric patients. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 15:157–165
Weakland JH (1960) The double-bind-hypothesis of schizophrenia and three-party interaction. In: Jackson DD (ed) The etiology of schizophrenia. Basic Books, New York. Dt.: „Double-Bind“-Hypothese und Dreier-Beziehung. In: Bateson, Jackson, Laing, Lidz, Wynne u. a. (1969) Schizophrenie und Familie. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, S 221–244
Wynne LC (1967) Family transactions and schizophrenia: Conceptual considerations for a research strategy. In: Romano J (ed) The origins of schizophrenia. Excerpta Medica International Congress Series, Amsterdam, pp 165–178
Wynne LC (1968) Methodological and conceptual issues in the study of schizophrenics and their families. In: Rosenthal D, Kety SS (eds) The transmission of schizophrenia. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 185–200
Wynne LC (1977) Schizophrenics and their families: Research on parental communication. In: Tanner JM (ed) Development in psychiatric research. Hodder in Stoughton, London, pp 254–286
Wynne LC, Cole RE (1985) Das Rochester-Risikoforschungsprogramm — Die Diagnose der Eltern und die Familienbeziehungen in neuer Sicht. In: Stierlin H, Wynne LC, Wirsching M (Hrsg) Psychotherapie und Sozialtherapie der Schizophrenie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Wynne LC, Singer MT (1963) Thought disorder and family relations of schizophrenics: I. A research strategy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 9:191–198
Wynne LC, Day J, Ryckoff IM (1959) Maintenance of stereotype roles in the family of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1:109–114. Dt.: Die Verteidigung stereotyper Rollen in den Familien von Schizophrenen. In: Bateson, Jackson, Laing, Lidz, Wynne u. a. (1969) Schizophrenie und Familie. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, S 44–80
Wynne LC, Ryckoff IM, Day J, Hirsch SJ (1958) Pseudomutuality in the family relations of schizoprenics. Psychiatry 21:205–220. Dt.: Pseudogemeinschaft in den Familienbeziehungen von Schizophrenen. In: Bateson, Jackson, Laing, Lidz, Wynne u. a. (1969) Schizophrenie und Familie. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, S 44–80
Yesavage JA et al. (1983) Family conflict, psychopathology, and dangerous behavior by schizophrenic patients. Psychiat Res 8:271–280
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Matussek, P., Triebel, A., Diekmann, A., Hoschka, A. (1990). Overprotection und Ersterkrankungsalter. In: Beiträge zur Psychodynamik endogener Psychosen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74147-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74147-0_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74148-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74147-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive