Skip to main content

Abstract

The Doppler effect, named for the Austrian physicist Christian Johann Doppler, is based on the fact that all wave phenomena, including sound and light, undergo a change of frequency and wavelength when the source of the wave and the observer are moving relative to each other. In acoustics, the number of sound vibrations that reach the listener per unit time change according to whether the sound source is moving toward or away from the listener. The original basis on which Doppler formulated his law — the color change observed in distant, receding stars (Doppler 1843) — applies with equal validity to acoustic waves (Buys Ballot 1845).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arabin B (1987) Die Bedeutung von Perzentilenwerten utero- plazentarer und fetaler Blutflußparameter für die klinische Praxis. Ultraschall Klin Prax Suppl 1: 51

    Google Scholar 

  • Arabin B, Bergmann PL, Saling E (1987 a) Pathophysiologist und klinische Aspekte der Blutflußmessung in uteroplazentaren Gefäßen, in der Nabelschnurarterie, in der fetalen Aorta und in der fetalen Arteria carotis communis. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 47: 587–593

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arabin B, Bergmann PL, Saling E (1987 b) Qualitative Analyse von Blutflußspektren uteroplazentarer Gefäße, der Nabelschnurarterie, der fetalen Aorta und der fetalen Arteria carotis communis in normaler Schwangerschaft. Ultraschall Klin Prax 2: 114–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernaschek G, Deutinger J (1988) Endosonographie in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie. In: Gockel HP (ed) Jahrbuch der Radiologie 1988. Regensberg & Biermann, pp 105–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernaschek G, Janisch H (1983) Eine Methode zur Objektivierung des Parametrienbefundes beim Zervixkarzinom. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 43: 498–500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernaschek G, Dadek C, Kratochwil A (1980) Echographische Darstellung der großen fetalen Gefäße. Ultraschall 1:101–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowie JD (1987) Sonographie of the uterus. In: Sabbagha RE (ed) Diagnostic ultrasound, 2nd edn. Lippingeott, Philadelphia, pp 474–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosens K (1964) A study of the spiral arteries of the deci- dua basalis in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies. J Obstet Gynecol Brit Commonw 71: 222–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buys Bailot CD (1845) Akustische Versuche auf der Niederländischen Eisenbahn nebst gelegentlichen Bemerkungen zur Theorie des Hrn. Prof. Doppler. Pogg Ann 66: 321–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell S (1974) The assessment of fetal development by diagnostic ultrasound. In: Milunsky A (ed) The pregnancy at risk. Clinics in perinatology: vol 1/2. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 507

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell S (1987) Personal communication

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell S, Diaz-Recasens J, Griffin DR, Cohen-Overbeek TE, Pearce JM, Willson K, Teague MJ (1983) New Dopier technique for assessing uteroplacental blood flow. Lancet I: 675–677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell S, Hernandez CJ, Cohen-Overbeck TA, Pearce JMF (1984) Assessment of fetoplacental and uteroplacental blood flow using duplex pulsed Doppler ultrasound in complicated pregnancies. J Perniat Med 12: 262–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell S, Pearce MF, Hackett G, Cohen-Overbeek T, Hernandez C (1986) Qualitative assessment of uteroplacental blood flow: early screening test for high risk pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 68: 649–653

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Bernaschek G (1986) Die vaginosonographische Pelvimetrie als neue Methode zur sonographischen Bestimmung der inneren Beckenmaße. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 46: 345–347

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Bernaschek G (1987) Vaginosonographical determination of the true conjugate and the transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet. Arch Gynecol Obstet 240: 241–246

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Reinthaller A, Müller-Tyl E, Riss P, Fischl, Janisch, H (1985) Vier Jahre erfolgreiche In vitro Fertilisierung an der 2. Universitätsfrauenklinik Wien. Österr Ärzteztg 40: 52–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1987 a) Transvaginale Flowmessungen an der Arteria uterina während der Schwangerschaft. XIII. Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Perinatale Medizin, Berlin, Dec 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1987 b) Transvaginale gepulste Dopplermessungen in der Arteria Uterina bei pathologischen Schwangerschaften. Ultraschall Klin Prax 2 Suppl 1:13

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Reinthaller A, Riss P, Bernaschek G, Csaicsich P, Fischl F, Müller-Tyl E (1987 c) Comparison of the results of vaginal and abdominal follicle scans. Arch Gynecol Obstet 241: 171–176

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1987 d) Transvaginal gepulste Dopplerultraschalluntersuchungen an den Ovarialgefäßen. Ultraschall Klin Prax Suppl 1:45–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1988 a) Doppier-Strömungsmessungen am schwangeren Uterus. Ultraschall Klin Prax 3: 19–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1988 b) Doppler Strömungsmessungen in der Arteria arcuata und in der Arteria uterina bei fetaler Wachstumsretardation. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 48: 863–868

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1988 c) Pulsed Doppler measurement and visual vessel recognition of the uterine artery during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 159: 1072–1076

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1988 d) Gepulste Strömungsmessungen in Arteria uterina und in Arteria arcuata. Ber Gynäkol Geburtsh 125: 653–654

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1988 e) Transvaginale gepulste Strömungsmessungen in den Uterinarterien: Normwerte und Vergleich mit der Messung in einer Arteria arcuata. Ultraschall Klin Prax 3 [Suppl 1]: 35

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1988 f) Endo- vaginal pulsed Doppler velocimetry of the main uterine arteries during pregnancy. First World Congress on Vaginosonography in Gynecology, June 9–12, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1989 a) Transvaginale gepulste Dopplermessungen von Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten in Beckengefäßen nach Zyklusstimulation. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 49: 33–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Reinthaller A, Bernaschek G (1989 b) Transvaginal pulsed Doppler measurement of blood flow velocity in the ovarian arteries during cycle stimulation and after follicle puncture. Fertil Steril 51: 466–470

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutinger J, Rudelstorfer R, Bernaschek G (1990) Vaginosono- graphic Doppler velocimetry in both uterine arteries of high-risk pregnancies: relationship to fetal hemodynamics. Am J Obstet Gynecol (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  • Diwan RV, Brennan JN, Selim MA, McGrew TL, Rashad FA, Rustia MU, Bellon EM (1983) Sonographic diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation of the uterus and pelvis. J Clin Ultrasound 11: 295–298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doppler C (1843) Über das farbige Licht der Dopplersterne und einiger anderer Gestirne des Himmels. Abhandl Königl Böhm Gesellsch 2: 465–482

    Google Scholar 

  • DuBose TJ, Hill LW, Hennigan HW Jr, Nichols DH, Mezaraups GG, Porter L, Marley L, Butschek CM, Karnaze GC, Walser E, Reyes K, Cunyust JA (1985) Sonography of arcuate uterine blood vessels. J Ultrasound Med 4: 229–233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ducey J, Schulman H, Farmakides G, Rochelson B, Bracero L, Fleischer A, Guzman E, Winter D, Penny B (1987) A classification of hypertension in pregnancy based on Doppler velocimetry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 157:680–685

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards RG (1980) Conception in the human female. Academic, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Eik-Nes SH, Brubakk AO, Ulstein MK (1980) Measurement of human fetal blood flow. Br Med J 1: 283–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Eik-Nes SH, Marsal K, Kristoffersen K (1984) Methodology and basic problems related to blood flow studies in the human fetus. J Ultrasound Med 10: 329–337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erskine RL, Ritchie JWK (1985) Umbilical blood flow characteristics in normal and growth retarded fetuses. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92: 605–610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fendel H, Fendel M, Warnking R (1983) Fehlermöglichkeiten der gepulsten Dopplermethode zur Blutflußmessung am Feten. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol 187: 83–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fendel H, Pauen A, Jung H (1985) Veränderung des uterinen Blutstromes unter der Geburt. Arch Gynecol 253:197–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fendel H, Fettweis P, Billet P, Werdin R, Sohn C, Giani G, Freiberg C (1987) Doppleruntersuchungen des arteriellen utero-feto-plazentaren Blutflusses vor und während der Geburt. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol 191: 121–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald DE, Drumm JE (197) Non-invasive measurement of the fetal circulation using ultrasound: a new method. Br Med J2: 1450–1451

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleischer A, Schulman H, Farmakides G, Bracero L, Grunfeld L, Rochelson B, Koenigsberg M (1986) Uterine artery Doppler velocity in pregnant women with hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154: 806–813

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischer A, Anyaegbunam AA, Schulman H, Farmakides G, Randolph G (1987) Uterine and umbilical artery velocimetry during normal labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 157: 40–43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giles WB, Trudinger BJ, Cook CM (1982) Fetal umbilical artery velocity waveforms. Ultrasound Med Biol 1: 98

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles WB, Trudinger BJ, Baird PJ (1985) Fetal umbilical artery velocity waveforms and placental resistance: pathological correlation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92: 31–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gill RW, Kossoff G (1977) Quantitative blood flow measurement in deep-lying vessels. In: Chef R (ed) Real time ultrasound in perinatal medicine. Karger, Basel, pp 139–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill RW, Kossoff G (1979) Pulsed Doppler combined with B-Mode imaging for blood flow measurement. Contrib Gynecol Obstet 6: 139–141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gosling RG, King DH (1975) Ultrasound angiology. In: Maraous AW, Adamson L (eds) Arteries and veins. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 61–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Goswamy RK, Steptoe PC (1987) Abnormal uterine blood flow patterns a possible cause for failed implantation in I VF patients? Hum Reprod 2 Suppl 1: 56

    Google Scholar 

  • Graf HP, Klosa W, Kurz CS, Schillinger H (1985) Der Einfluß des “aliasing”-Effektes und des “Filters” auf die quantitative Bestimmung der mittleren Flußgeschwindigkeit und des Flußvolumens pro Zeiteinheit bei der gepulsten Ultraschall-Doppler-Methode. Ultraschall 6: 237–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin D, Cohen-Overbeek T, Campbell S (1983) Fetal and uteroplacental blood flow. Clin Obstet Gynecol 10: 565–602

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett GA, Nicolaides KH, Campbell S (1987) Doppler ultrasound assessment of fetal and uteroplacental circulations in severe second trimester oligohydramnios. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 94: 1074–1077

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann F, Neuerburg-Heusler D, Nissen P (1986) Statistische Grundbegriffe für die Validierung diagnostischer Verfahren. Ein Beitrag zur Qualitätssicherung am Beispiel der Doppler-Sonographie. Ultraschall Med 7: 59–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hogaki M, Ohkawa T, Takizawa M, Takeuchi Y (1987) Transvaginal detection of fetal signals by Doppler ultrasound. J Perinat Med 15 Suppl 1: 167

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard RB, Hosakawa T, Maguire MH (1987) Hypoxia-in– duced fetoplacental vasoconstriction in perfused placental cotyledons. Am J Obstet Gynecol 157: 1261–1266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hustin J, Schaaps J-P (1987) Echographic and anatomic studies of the maternotrophoblastic border during the first trimester of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 157: 162–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishihara K, Tsuzaki T, Maeda K (1984) Blood flow measurement of maternal pelvic artery and umbilical cord artery with the ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flow metry. Organisation Gestosis, Aachen

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeanty P, Romero R, Hobbins JC (1984) Vascular anatomy of the fetus. J Ultrasound Med 3: 113–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaesemann H, Trenkel K (1986) Kombinierte B-Bild-Doppler-Sonographie-Messungen am In-vitro-Modell. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol 190: 43–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khong TY, Wolf F de, Robertson WB, Brosens I (1986) Inadequate maternal vascular response to placentation in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and by small- for-gestational age infants. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 93: 1049–1059

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCallum WD, Williams CS, Nagel S, Daigle RE (1978) Fetal blood flow velocity waveforms. Am J Obstet Gynecol 132: 425–429

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCowan LM, Mullen BM, Ritchie K (1987) Umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms and the placental vascular bed. Am J Obstet Gynecol 157: 900–902

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsal K, Lingman G, Giles WB (1984) Evaluation of the carotid, arotic and umbilical blood velocity waveforms in the human fetus. Proceedings of the Society for the Study of Fetal Physiology. Xlth Annual Conference, Oxford, p 33

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx M, Casola G, Scheible W, Deutsch A (1985) The sub- placental complex: Further sonographic observations. J Ultrasound Med 4: 459–461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neilson JP (1987) Doppler ultrasound. Commentary. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 94: 929–934

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaides KH, Clewell WH, Rodeck CH (1987) Measurement of human fetoplacental blood volume in erythroblastosis fetalis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 157: 50–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce JM (1987) Uteroplacental and fetal blood flow. Obstet Gynaecol 1/1:157–184

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reuwer PJHM, Nuyen WC, Beijer HJM, Heethar RM, Haspels AA, Bruinse HW (1986) Feto-placental circulatory competence. Eur J Obstet Gynecol 21: 15–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rightmire DA, Campbell S (1987) Fetal and maternal Doppler Blood flow parameters in postterm pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 69: 891–894

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson WB (1976) Uteroplacental vasculature. J Clin Pathol 29: 9–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson WB, Brosens I, Pijnenborg R, Wolf F de (1984) The making of the placental bed. Eur J Obstet Gynecol 18: 255–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudelstorfer R, Deutinger J, Bernaschek G (1987) Vaginosonographische Darstellung der Arteria uterina zur Doppler-Blutflußmessung während der Schwangerschaft. Ultraschall Klin Prax Suppl 1:12–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudelstorfer R, Deutinger J, Katz E, Bernaschek G (1988 a) Transvaginale gepulste Doppler Ultraschalluntersuchungen der Arteria uterina in der Schwangerschaft: Vorteil der gepulsten Methode. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol 192:14–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudelstorfer R, Deutinger J, Bernaschek G (1988 b) Gepulste Doppler-Strömungsmessungen mittels vaginaler Ultraschallsonde — Integration in die fetomaternelle Hämodynamik. Ultraschall 9: 25–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudelstorfer R, Deutinger J, Bernaschek G (1988 c) Vaginosonographische Strömungsmessungen in der Arteria uterina: pathologische Seitendifferenz und ihre Auswirkung auf die fetale Hämodynamik sowie fetal outcome. Ultraschall Klin Prax 3 [Suppl 1]: 35

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulman H (1987 a) The clinical implications of Doppler ultrasound analysis of the uterine and umbilical arteries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 156: 889–893

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulman H (1987 b) Doppler veloeimetry of fetal and maternal blood vessels. In: Sabbagha RE (ed) Diagnostic ultrasound, 2nd edn. Lipincott, Philadelphia, pp 156–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulman H, Fleischer A, Farmakides G, Bracero L, Rochel– son B, Grunfeld L (1986) Development of uterine artery compliance in pregnancy as detected by Doppler ultrasound. Am J Obstet Gynecol 155:1031–1036

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulman H, Ducey J, Farmakides G, Guzman E, Winter D, Penny B, Lee C (1987) Uterine artery Doppler veloeimetry: The significance of divergent systolic/diastolic ratios. Am J Obstet Gynecol 157: 1539–1542

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart B, Drumm J, Fitzgerald DE, Duignan NM (1980) Fetal blood velocity waveforms in normal pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 87: 780–785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor KJW, Burns PN, Wells PNT, Conway DI, Hull MGR (1985) Ultrasound Doppler flow studies of the ovarian and uterine arteries. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92: 240–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trudinger BJ, Cook CM (1985) Umbilical and uterine artery flow velocity waveforms in pregnancy associated with major fetal abnormality. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92: 666–670

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trudinger BJ, Giles WB, Cook CM, Bombardiert J, Collins L (1985 a) Fetal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms and placental resistance: clinical significance. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92: 23–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trudinger BJ, Giles WB, Cook CM (1985 b) Uteroplacentalblood flow velocity-time waveforms in normal and complicated pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92: 39–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trudinger BJ, Cook CM, Giles WB, Conelly A, Thompson RS (1987) Umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms in high-risk pregnancy. Randomised controlled trial. Lancet II: 188–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson PT, Young WP, Hegge FN (1987) Doppler measurements of maternal and fetal blood flow. Clin Obstet Gynecol 30: 948–955

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wladimiroff JW, Tonge HM, Stewart PA (1986) Doppler ultrasound assessment of cerebral blood flow in the human fetus. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 63: 471–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Wladimiroff JW, Wijngaard JAGW vd, Degani S, Noordam MI, Eyck J v, Tongue HM (1987) Cerebral and umbilical arterial blood flow velocity waveforms in normal and growth-retarded pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 69: 705–709

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bernaschek, G., Deutinger, J., Kratochwil, A. (1990). Vaginal Doppler Techniques. In: Endosonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74111-1_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74111-1_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74113-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74111-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics