Skip to main content

Abstract

The demand for potted chrysanthemums has increased tremendously in the last few years, primarily because of its suitability as a potted plant. It is undoubtedly a number one potted flowering plant [1, 2, 15]. The dollar returns per sq. foot basis are highest for chrysanthemum with $ 4.12 per sq. ft. as compared $ 3.72 for lilies and $ 2.16 for poinsettia [2]. It is relatively easy to produce attractive potted mums and sell them for profit. As an indoor plant, chrysanthemums keep exceptionally well for a longer time, which makes them indispensible potted plants in the home. Furthermore, with a wide range of flower colours to choose from, it meets the liking of the vast majority of the public [3].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Crater GD (1980) Pot mums. In: Larson RA (ed) Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press 261

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anon (1982) Floriculture crops-production area and, sales 1980 and 1981. Intentions for 1982. Statistical reporting service. US Dept Agric Wash DC

    Google Scholar 

  3. Laurie A, Kiplinger DC, Nelson KS (1968) Commercial Flower Forcing. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  4. Staby GL, Robertson JL, Kiplinger DC, Conover CA (1978) Chain of life. Ohio Flor Assoc, Columbus, USA

    Google Scholar 

  5. Staby GL, Thompson JF, Kofranek AM, Thompson VR, Walter VR (1981) Cooling of potted chrysanthemums. HortScience 16 (4): 566

    Google Scholar 

  6. Tayama HK, Kiplinger DC (1968) Pot chrysanthemum culture. Leaflet No 142 Co-op Extn Serv Ohio State Univ, Columbus

    Google Scholar 

  7. Walter VR (1974) Studies on the keeping quality of potted chrysanthemums as affected by differential degrees of flower development. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 539: 7

    Google Scholar 

  8. Della-Vedowa RP, Rose BA (1950) Altitude tests on flowers. Lockheed Air Corpo Prog Rep SLR-942

    Google Scholar 

  9. Anon (1975) Grumman Dormavac hypobaric storage and transportation of perishable commodities. Grumman Allied Ind Inc, New York

    Google Scholar 

  10. Byers B (1977) In: Dewey DH (ed) Grammon Dormavac system controlled atmosphere for storage and transport of perishable agricultural commodities. MSU 28:82

    Google Scholar 

  11. Butler RE (1976) Promise of longer storage under low pressure confirmed in UK. Grower (London) 86: 395

    Google Scholar 

  12. Scopes NE, Briggerstaff SM (1973) Progress towards integrated pest control on year round chrysanthemum. Proc 7th Brit Insecticide Fungicide Conf 227

    Google Scholar 

  13. Machin MB, Scopes N (1978) Chrysanthemum year-round growing. Blandord, Poole UK

    Google Scholar 

  14. Burg SP (1973) Hypobaric storage of cut flowers. HortScience 8: 202

    Google Scholar 

  15. Waters WE, Conover CA (1967) Chrysanthemum production in Florida. Res Rpt Agr Exp Sta University of Fla, Gainsville

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ecke P Jr (1981) Poinsettias. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 620: 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tayama HK (1982) Quality poinsettias-fundamentals 1982. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 633: 1

    Google Scholar 

  18. Robertson JL (1981) Poinsettia production costs. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull special Ed 1

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ecke P Jr, Matkin OA (1976) The poinsettia mannual. Paul Ecke Poinsettias, Encinitas, California

    Google Scholar 

  20. Shanks JB (1980) Poinsettias. In: Larson RA (ed) Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, London 301

    Google Scholar 

  21. Saltveit ME, Pharr DM, Larson RA (1979) Mechanical stress induces ethylene production and epinasty in poinsettia cultivars. J Am Hortic Sci 104 (4): 452

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Saltveit ME, Larsen RA (1981) Reducing epinasty in mechanically stressed poinsettia plants. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 106 (2): 156

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hammer A, Larson RA, Saltveit ME, Reid MS, Sacalis J, Staby G (1982) How to reduce petiole bending of poinsettia plants. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 626: 1–3

    Google Scholar 

  24. Larson RA (1982) Poinsettia challenges for the 1980’s. Sci Hortic (Amst) 33: 113

    Google Scholar 

  25. Staby GL, Eisenberg BA, Kelley JW, Bridgen MP, Canningham MS (1980) Leaf petiole epinasty in Poinsettias. HortScience 15 (5): 635

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gilbert DN, Sink KC (1970) The effect of exogenous growth regulators on keeping quality of poinsettia. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 95: 984

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hammer PA, Krik T (1977) Poinsettia dropy bracts. Focus on Floriculture (Purdue Univ) 5 (1): 2

    Google Scholar 

  28. Sacalis JN (1977) Epinasty and ethylene evolution in petioles of sleeved poinsettia plants. HortScience 12: 388

    Google Scholar 

  29. Sacalis JN (1978) Ethylene evolution by petioles of sleeved poinsettia plants. HortScience 13 (5): 594

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Staby GL, Thompson JF, Kofranek AM (1978) Postharvest characteristics of poinsettias as influenced by handling and storage procedures. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 103: 712

    Google Scholar 

  31. Staby GL, Kofranek AM (1971) Production conditions as they affect harvest and postharvest characteristics of poinsettia. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 104 (1): 88

    Google Scholar 

  32. Carpenter WJ (1956) The influence of plant hormones on abscission of poinsettia leaves and bracts. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 67: 539

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Marousky FJ, Shanks JB (1966) Effects of environmental factors and plant maturity on bract and leaf abscision in Euphorbia pulcherima wild. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 88: 662

    Google Scholar 

  34. Gartner JB, Mclntyre ML (1957) Effects of day length and temperature on time of flowering of Euphorbia pulcherima. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 69: 492

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cathey HM, Campbell LE, Thimijan RW (1981) Strategies for supplemental lighting in green-houses. How to boost the growth of plants. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 621: 8

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kuak DL, Tayama HK, Peterson JC, Fracasso PA (1981) Production of quality 6-inch pinched (one cutting) poinsettia plants from a very early propagation date. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 620: 5, 8

    Google Scholar 

  37. Walker JH (1972) Poinsettia and mistletoe toxicity. Society of American Flor (USA)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Farnham RB (1976) Results of studies with poinsettias grown in sand. Flor Rev 78 (2007): 19

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kimmins Kent R (1980) Gloxinias, African Violets and other gesneriads. In: Larson RA (ed) Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, London, pp 291

    Google Scholar 

  40. Elliot FH (1946) Saintpaulia leafspot and temperature differential. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 47: 511

    Google Scholar 

  41. Went FC (1957) Experimental control of Plant Growth. Chronica Botanica Co Waltham Mass, pp 343

    Google Scholar 

  42. Stinson RF, Laurie A (1954) The effect of light intensity on initiation and development of flower buds in Saintpaulia ionantha. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 75: 730

    Google Scholar 

  43. Kiplinger DC (1953) Fluorescent lights and saintpaulias. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 290: 2

    Google Scholar 

  44. Shanks JB (1960) Some suggestions for planning fertilizer programs. Md Flor 68: 4

    Google Scholar 

  45. Stinson RF (1952) Saintpaulia tests 1950–51. The effects of light intensity on flower bud initiation and development. The effect of temperature on growth and flower development. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 271: 2

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hanchey RH (1945) Effect of fluorescent and natural light on vegetative and reproductive growth of saintpaulia. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 66: 378

    Google Scholar 

  47. Zoerb R (1952) The effect of artificial light on growth and floral development. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 271: 3

    Google Scholar 

  48. Boodley JW, Horton FF (1963) Rooting and growth of African Violets under four fluorescent light sources. African Violet Magazine 16 (3): 103

    Google Scholar 

  49. Larson RA (1980) Begonia. In: Larson RA (ed) Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, London, 396

    Google Scholar 

  50. Horton FF (1949) Christmas begonias in six months. NY State Flower Grow Bull 29: 7

    Google Scholar 

  51. Post K (1942) Effects of day length and temperature on growth and flowering of some florist crops. Cornell Univ Agric Expt Stn Bull No 787: 1

    Google Scholar 

  52. White JW (1973) Rieger Elatior begonias: history and European research. Pa Flower Grow Bull 263: 1

    Google Scholar 

  53. White JW, Guthrie H, Watt B (1973) Rieger Elatior begonias. Research at Pa State Progress Report. IV. Pa Flower Grow Bull 264: 8

    Google Scholar 

  54. Sandved G (1969) Flowering in Begonia hiemalis Fotsch as affected by day length and temperature. Acta Hortic 14: 61

    Google Scholar 

  55. Runger W, Wehr B (1970) Influence of day length on growth of Begonia excultorum. Gartenbauwissenschaft 35: 321

    Google Scholar 

  56. Molnar JM (1974) Photoperiodic response of Begonia X hiemalis cv. Rieger. Can J Plant Sci 54: 277

    Google Scholar 

  57. Mikkelson J (1973) Simplified growing instructions for Rieger Elatior begonias. Pa Flower Grow Bull 263: 3

    Google Scholar 

  58. Nelson PV, Krauskopf DM, Mignis NC (1977) Visual symptoms of nutrient deficiencies in Rieger elatior begonia (X hiemalis). J Am Soc Hortic Sci 102 (1): 65

    Google Scholar 

  59. Hanisch Ten Cate CH, Berghvef J, Hoorn AMH Van der, Bruinsma J (1973) Hormonal regulation of pedicel abscission in begonia buds. Plant Physiol 33: 280

    Google Scholar 

  60. Hanisch Ten Cate CH, Bruinsma J ( 1973 a) Abscission of flower bud pedicel of begonia. I. Effects of plant growth regulating substances on abscission with intact plant and with explant. Acta Bot Neer 22: 666–674

    Google Scholar 

  61. Hanisch Ten Cate CH, Bruinsma J ( 1973 b) Abscission of flower bud pedicel of begonia. II-Interaction and time of sequence of plant regulating substance on abscission of explant. Acta Bot Neer 22: 675

    Google Scholar 

  62. Hanisch Ten Cate CH, Voogd JJL van der, Bruinsma J ( 1973 c) Abscission of flower bud pedicel of begonia. III-Anatomical pattern of abscission. Acta Bot Neer 22: 681

    Google Scholar 

  63. Mastalerz JW (1971) Geraniums a manual on culture diseases, insects, economics etc. Pa Flower Grow USA

    Google Scholar 

  64. Tayama HK, Poole HA (1976) Extension plants — geranium production — The mother’s Day collection. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 508: 6

    Google Scholar 

  65. Ball V (1977) Seed geraniums sowing dates. 78 Grow Talks 41 (5): 1

    Google Scholar 

  66. Hammer PA (1980) Other flowering pot plants. In: Larson RA (ed) Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, London, 450

    Google Scholar 

  67. Craig R, Walker DE (1963) The flowering of Pelargonium hortorum Bailey seedlings as affected by solar energy. J Amer Soc Hortic Sci 83: 772

    Google Scholar 

  68. Carpenter WJ, Rodriguez RC (1971) Early flowering geranium cv. Carefree Scarlet by high intensity supplemental light treatment. HortScience 6 (3): 206

    Google Scholar 

  69. Kanjoinan PS, Tayama HK (1978) Production schedules for seed geraniums. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 597: 1

    Google Scholar 

  70. Mastarlerz JW (1967) Geraniums in six weeks. Pa Flower Grow Bull 193: 1

    Google Scholar 

  71. Ball V, Randalph P (1968) Carefree geraniums spring flowering. Grow Talks 32 (4): 1

    Google Scholar 

  72. Carpenter JW, Carlson WH (1970) The influence of growth regulators and temperature on flowering of seed-propagated geraniums. HortScience 5 (3): 183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. White JW (1971) Effects of cycocel, moisture stress and pinching on growth and flowering of F1 hybrid geraniums (Pelargonium hortorum Bailay). J Amer Soc Hortic Sci 95 (5): 546

    Google Scholar 

  74. Love JW (1980) Kalanchoe. In: Larson RA (ed) Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  75. Irwin JI (1972 a) Kalanchoes a new crop. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 514:1

    Google Scholar 

  76. Irwin JI (1972 b) Try a “new” crop Kalanchoes. Flor Rev 151(3917): 23, 56

    Google Scholar 

  77. Anon (1976a) Kalanchoes: background information and production practices for the varieties Mace and Telstar. Yoder Bros, Barbeton, Ohio

    Google Scholar 

  78. Anon (1976b) Kalanchoes. Production procedures for year-round production of European Kalanchoe. Yoder Bros, Barteton, Ohio

    Google Scholar 

  79. Carlson WH (1975) The culture of Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana cultivar. Mace Mich Flor 531: 7, 31

    Google Scholar 

  80. Maronsky FJ, Harbaugh BK (1978) Ethylene and temperature interaction. HortScience 13 (3): 26

    Google Scholar 

  81. Mikkelson J (1975) ABC of Kalanchoe culture. Ohio Flor Assoc Bull (Short course)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Mikkelson J (1977) Focus on floriculture. Focus Floric Purdue Univ 5 (1): 12

    Google Scholar 

  83. Nightingale AE (1970) The influence of succinamic acid. 2,2-dimethyl vs. unpinched plants of Kalanchoe hybrid Mace. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 95 (3): 273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Pertuit AJ (1973) The effects of temperature during dark exposure and date of exposure to naturally-occurring day lengths on growth and flowering of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana v. Poellnitz. Univ Ga Res Rept No 170

    Google Scholar 

  85. Post K (1942) Effects of day length and temperature on growth and flowering of some florist crops. Cornell Agr Exp Sta Bull 787

    Google Scholar 

  86. Pertuit A J (1973) The effects terminal pinching and chemical growth regulation of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poellnitz. Univ Ga Res Bull No 132

    Google Scholar 

  87. Runger W (1967 a) About the relationship between formation and development of flowers of various varieties of Kalanchoe and the photoperiod and temperature. Gartenbauwissenschaft 32:213

    Google Scholar 

  88. Runger W (1967b) Influence of short and long days on juvenile parts of several Kalanchoe varieties. Gartenbauwissenschaft 32: 399

    Google Scholar 

  89. Runger W (1968) On flower formation of Kalanchoe Amethyst. Gartenbauwissenschaft 33: 345

    Google Scholar 

  90. Post K, Horton FF (1950) Give Kalanchoe only twenty short days. NY State Flower Grow Bull 57: 7

    Google Scholar 

  91. Seeley JG (1952) Long days after budding improve Kalanchoe. Pa Flower Grow Bull 15: 1

    Google Scholar 

  92. Yaunis AF (1955) Studies on the photoperiodism of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana L. Effects of age on response to short day treatment. Physiol Plant 8: 223

    Google Scholar 

  93. Harder R (1948) Vegetative and reproductive development of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana as influenced by photoperiodism. Sym Soc Exp Biol 2: 117

    Google Scholar 

  94. Doss RP, Byrne TG, Kretchum TM (1975) Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Tetrarulcan suggestions for growing as a pot plant. Flower Nurs Rep Univ Cal 7

    Google Scholar 

  95. Batson F (1973) Assembly line Kalanchoe. Flor Rev 152 (3943): 20

    Google Scholar 

  96. Hertough AA De (1980) Bulbous crops. In: Larson RA (ed) Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  97. De Hertough AA, Roberts AN, Stuart NW, Langhans RW, Linderman RG, Larson RA, Kiplinger DC, Wilkins HF (1971) A guide to terminology of Easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) HortScience, 6: 121

    Google Scholar 

  98. Blanely LT, Roberts AN (1967) Bulb production in Easter lilies. In: Kiplinger DC, Langhans RW (ed) The culture, diseases, insects and economics of Easter lilies. Cornell Univ Press 23

    Google Scholar 

  99. Hartley DE (1968) Growth and flowering response of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) to bulb storage. PhD Thesis, Oregon State Univ, Carvallis

    Google Scholar 

  100. Lin WC, Roberts AN (1970) Scale function in growth and flowering of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. Nellie White. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 95: 559

    Google Scholar 

  101. Roh SM, Wilkins HF ( 1974 a) Decay and dark reversion of phytochromes in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White. HortScience, 9: 38

    Google Scholar 

  102. Hertough AA De, Wilkins HF (1971) Forcing of northwest grown Ace and Nellie White lilies. Flor Rev 149(3857):29. (3858): 57, 104

    Google Scholar 

  103. Waters WE, Wilkins HF (1967) Influence of intensity, duration and date of light on growth and flowering of precooled Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. Georgia ). Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 90: 433

    Google Scholar 

  104. Roh SM, Wilkins HF (1973) The influence and substitution of long days for cold treatments on growth, and flowering of Easter lilies. (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. Georgia and Nellie White). Flor Rev 153 (3960): 19

    Google Scholar 

  105. Miller RO, Kiplinger DC (1966) Reversal of vernalization in northwest Easter lilies. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 88: 646

    Google Scholar 

  106. Ling PC, Wilkins HF (1973) The interaction of temperature on photoperiodic response of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv Nellie White. Flor Rev 153 (3965): 24

    Google Scholar 

  107. Tayama HK, Peterson JC, Lindanist RK, Powel CC, Staby GL (1980) Essentials of pot lily culture. Easter April, 19, Ohio Flor Assoc Bull 612 Oct. 1980

    Google Scholar 

  108. De Hertough AA, Carlson WH, Kays S (1967) Controlled temperature forcing of planted lily Bulbs. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 94: 433

    Google Scholar 

  109. Roh SM, Wilkins HF (1977) The control of flowering in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White by cyclic or continuous lighting treatments. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 102: 247

    Google Scholar 

  110. Smith DR, Langhans RW (1962) The influence of photoperiod on the growth and flowering of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. var Croft). Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 80: 599

    Google Scholar 

  111. Wilkins HF, Roh SM (1970) University of Minnesota’s Easter lily Research Report paper No. IX. Lighting lilies at shoot emergence, Night interruption shown to be most effective. Minn State Flor Bull Dec. 10

    Google Scholar 

  112. Roh SM, Wilkins HF ( 1977 a) The control flowering in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White by cyclic lighting. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 102: 247

    Google Scholar 

  113. Roh SM, Wilkins HF (1977b) The effects of bulb vernalization and shoot photoperiod treatments on growth and flowering of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 102: 229

    Google Scholar 

  114. Tizio M, Seeley JG (1976) Nitrogen source, fluoride application and leaf scorch of Ace lilies. Flor Rev 159 (4115): 43

    Google Scholar 

  115. Widmer RE, Mugaas R, Wilkins HF (1976) Lime and phosphorus effects on Easter lilies. Minn State Fior Bull Dec 1

    Google Scholar 

  116. Bailey HS (1976) Hortus third. McMillian, New York

    Google Scholar 

  117. Moe R (1977) Campanula isophylla Moretti culture-cineraria-Calceolaria herbeohybrida Voss. Minn State Fior Bull, pp 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  118. Runger W (1975) Flower formation in Calceolaria herbeohybrida Voss. Sci Hortic (Amst) 3: 45 - 64

    Google Scholar 

  119. Johannson J (1976) The regulation of growth and flowering in Calceolaria speciosa Lilj. Acta Hortic 64: 239 - 244

    Google Scholar 

  120. Hammer PA (1980) Other flowering pot plants. In: Larson RA (ed) Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  121. Widered RE (1980) Cyclamen. In: Larson RA (ed) Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  122. Larson RA (1980) Azalea. In: Larson RA (ed) Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Salunkhe, D.K., Bhat, N.R., Desai, B.B. (1990). Potted Plants. In: Postharvest Biotechnology of Flowers and Ornamental Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73803-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73803-6_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73805-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73803-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics