Skip to main content

The Inflammatory Response — A Review

  • Chapter
Pharmacology of the Skin I

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 87 / 1))

Abstract

The capacity for survival of an organism residues in part within its ability to recognise foreign or mechanically inflicted trauma. It is this “recognition” that triggers a series of events culminating in a host defence or inflammatory reaction which prompted John Hunter to describe inflammation as “a salutary process”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allison AC, Davies P (1974) Mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation. In:Velo GP, Willoughby DA, Giroud JP (eds) Future trends in inflammation. Piccin, Padua, pp 449–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Allison AC, Davies P (1975) Increased biochemical and biological activities of mononuclear phagocytes exposed to various stimuli, with special reference to secretion of lysosomal enzymes. In:VanFurth R (ed) Mononuclear phagocytes in immunity, infection, and pathology. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 487–506

    Google Scholar 

  • Allison F, Lancaster MG (1960) Studies on the pathogenesis of acute inflammation. II. The relationship of fibrinogen and fibrin to the leucocytic sticking reaction in ear chambers of rabbits injured by heat. J Exp Med 111:45–64

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allison F, Smith MR, Wood WB (1955) Studies on the pathogenesis of acute inflammation. I. The inflammatory reaction to thermal injury as observed in the rabbit ear chamber. J Exp Med 102:655–667

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Altman LC, Snyderman R, Oppenheim JJ, Mergenhagen SE (1973) A human mononuclear leucocyte chemotactic factor:characterization, specificity and kinetics of production by homologous leukocytes. J Immunol 110:801–810

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aswanikumar S, Corcoran B, Schiffmann E, Day AR, Freer RJ, Showell HJ, Becker EL, Pert CB (1977) Demonstration of a receptor on rabbit neutrophils for chemotactic peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 74:807–810

    Google Scholar 

  • Atherton A, Born GVR (1972) Quantitative investigations of the adhesiveness of circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes to blood vessel walls. J Physiol (Lond) 222:447–474

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babior BM, Kipnes RS, Curnutte JT (1973) Biological defense mechanisms. The production by leukocytes of superoxide, a potential bactericidal agent. J Clin Invest 52:741–744

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bach MK, Brashler JR, Hammarstrom S, Samuelsson B (1980) Identification of leuko-triene C-1 as a major component of slow-reacting substance from rat mononuclear cells. J Immunol 125:115–117

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barnhart MI (1968) Role of blood coagulation in acute inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 16 (Suppl):206–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevilacqua MP, Pober JS, Majeau GR, Cotran RS, Gimbrone MA (1984) Interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces biosynthesis and cell surface expression of procoagulant activity in human vascular endothelial cells. J Exp Med 160:618–623

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Billingham MEJ, Gordon AH (1976) The role of the acute phase reaction in inflammation. Agents Actions 6:195–200

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom W (1922) Histamine as an inflammatory agent. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 33:185–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borgeat P, Hamberg M, Samuelsson B (1977) Transformation of arachidonic acid and homo-γ-linolenic acid by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monohydroxy acids from novel lipoxygenases. J Biol Chem 252:8772–8775

    Google Scholar 

  • Brune K, Glatt M, Kalin H, Peskar BA (1978) Pharmalogical control of prostaglandin and thromboxane release from macrophages. Nature 274:261–263

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brune K, Aehringhaus U, Peskar BA (1984) Pharmacological control of leukotriene and prostaglandin production from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Agents Actions 14(5)(6):729–734

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant RE, Sutcliffe MC (1974) The effect of 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate on granulocyte adhesion. J Clin Invest 54:1241–1244

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Capasso F, Dunn CJ, Yamamoto S, Deporter DA, Giroud JP, Willoughby DA (1975) Pharmacological mediators of various immunological and non-immunological inflammatory reactions produced in the pleural cavity. Agents Actions 5:528–533

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cardella CJ, Davies P, Allison AC (1974) Immune-compleyes induce selective release of lysosomal hydrolases from macrophages. Nature 247:46–48

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chenoweth DE, Hugli TE (1978) Demonstration of specific C5A receptor on intact human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:3943–3947

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark ER, Clark EL (1935) Observations on changes in blood vascular endothelium in the living animal. Am J Anat 57:385–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark ER, Clark EL, Rex RO (1936) Observations on polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the living animal. Am J Anat 59:123–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark RAF, Gallin JI, Kaplan AP (1975) The selective eosinophil chemotactic activity of histamine. J Exp Med 142:1462–1476

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark RAF, Sandler JA, Gallin JI, Kaplan AP (1977) Histamine modulation of eosinophil migration. J Immunol 118:137–145

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane CG, Aiken BS (1966) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in immunologic reactions. The destruction of vascular basement membrane in vivo and in vitro. J Exp Med 124:733–752

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohnheim J (1867) Über Entzündung und Eiterung. Arch Pathol Anat 40:1–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotran RS, Gimbrone MA, Bevilacqua MP, Mendrick DL, Pober JS (1986) In situ induction and detection of a human-endothelial cell activation antigen in immunological in-flammation. Fed Proc 45:379 Abstr no 1309

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale HH, Richards AN (1918) The vasodilator action of histamine and of some other substances. J Physiol 52:110–165

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies P, Allison AC, Ackerman J, Butterfield A, Williams S (1974 a) Asbestos induces release of lysosomal enzymes from mononuclear phagocytes. Nature 251:423–425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies P, Page RC, Allison AC (1974 b) Changes in cellular enzyme levels and extracellular release of lysosomal acid hydrolases in macrophages exposed to group A streptococcal cell wall substance. J Exp Med 139:1262–1282

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiRosa M, Giroud JP, Willoughby DA (1971) Studies of the mediators of the acute inflammatory response induced in rats in different sites by carrageenan and turpentine. J Pathol 104:15–29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dormandy TL (1978) Free-radical oxidation and antioxidants. Lancet 1:647–650

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dumonde DC, Wolstencroft RA, Panayi GS, Matthew M, Morley J, Howson WT (1969) Lymphokines:non-antibody mediators of cellular immunity generated by lymphocyte activation. Nature 224:38–42

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn CJ, Fleming WE (1984) Increased adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to vascular endothelium by specific interaction of endogenous (interleukin-1) and exogenous (lipopolysaccharide) substances with endothelial cells in vitro. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm 7:80–86

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn CJ, Fleming WE (1985) The role of interleukin-1 in the inflammatory response with particular reference to endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion. In:Kluger MJ, Oppenheim JJ, Powanda MC (eds) Progress in leukocyte biology. Liss, New York, pp 45–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn CJ, Gibbons AJ (1987) Human recombinant interleukin-1 induces chronic granulomatous inflammation. J Leukocyte Biol 42:615

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn CJ, Willoughby DA (1981) Leukocyte and macrophage migration inhibitory activities in inflammatory exudates — involvement of the coagulation system. Lymphokines 4:231–269

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn CJ, Giroud JP, Willoughby DA (1976) Cellular pharmacokinetics in inflammation. In:Huskisson EC, Velo GP (eds) Inflammatory arthropathies. Excerpta Medica, Am-sterdam, pp 23–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn CJ, Schaub RG, Fleming WE, Gibbons AJ (1987) Vascular changes induced by interleukin 1 in vivo:scanning electron microscope studies. In:Movat HZ (ed) Leukocyte emigration and its sequelae. Karger, Basel, pp 58–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Emeis JJ, Kooistra T (1986) Interleukin-1 and lipopolysaccharide induce an inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator in vivo and in cultured endothelial cells. J Exp Med 163:1260–1266

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Estensen RD, Hill HR, Quie PG, Gogan N, Goldberg ND (1973) Cyclic GMP and cell movement. Nature 254:458–460

    Google Scholar 

  • Fantone JC, Ward PA (1982) Role of oxygen-derived free radicals and metabolites in leu-kocyte-dependent inflammatory reactions. Am J Pathol 107 (3):396–418

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira SH (1972) Prostaglandins, aspirin-like drugs and analgesia. Nature 240:200–203

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford-Hutchinson AW, Bray MA, Doig MV, Shipley ME, Smith MJH (1980) Leukotriene B, a potent chemokinetic and aggregating substance released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nature 286:264–265

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ford-Hutchinson AW, Brunet G, Savard P, Charleson S (1984) Leukotriene B4, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and inflammatory exudates in the rat. Prostaglandins 28 (1):13–27

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fritz H (1978) Necessity of a critical consideration of the homogeneity PMH proteases applied to biological assay systems:failure to detect intrinsic kininogenase activity in PMH elastase. In:Havemann K, Janoff A (eds) Neutral proteases of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes — biochemistry, physiology, and clinical significance. Urban and Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, pp 261–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallin EK, Gallin JI (1977) Electrophysiology of human macrophage interaction with chemotactic factors. J Cell Biol 75:277–289

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallin EK, Wiederhold ML, Lipsky PE, Rosenthal AS (1975) Spontaneous and induced membrane hyperpolarizations in macrophages. J Cell Physiol 86:653–661

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallin EK, Seligmann BE, Gallin JI (1980) Alteration of macrophage and monocyte membrane potential by chemotactic factors. In:VanFurth R (ed) Mononuclear phagocytes — functional aspects. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, pp 505–526

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallin JI, Durocher JR, Kaplan AP (1975) Interaction of leukocyte chemotactic factors with cell surface. 1. Chemotactic factor-induced changes in human granulocyte surface charge. J Clin Invest 55:967–974

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallin JI, Gallin EK, Shiffmann E (1979) Mechanism of leukocyte chemotaxis. In:Paoletti R, Samuelson B, Weissmann G (eds) Advances in inflammation research. Raven, New York, pp 123–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallin JI, Wright DG, Malech HL, Davis JM, Klempner MS, Kirkpatrick CH (1980) Dis-orders of phagocyte chemotaxis. Ann Intern Med 92:520–538

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gemsa D, Steggemann L, Till G, Resch K (1977) Enhancement of PGE1 response of macrophages by concanavalin-A and colchicine. J Immunol 119:524–529

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glenn EM, Bowman BJ, Koslowske TC (1968) The systemic response to inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 16 (Suppl):27–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Goetzl EJ, Austen KF (1975) Purification and synthesis of eosinophilotactic tetrapeptides of human lung tissue:identification as eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:4123–4127

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein IM, Kaplan HB, Edelson HS, Weissmann G (1979) Ceruloplasmin. A scavenger of superoxide anion radicals. J Biol Chem 254:4040–4045

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon D, Bray MA, Morley J (1976) Control of lymphokine secretion by prostaglandins. Nature 262:401–402

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goto K, Nakamura S, Goto F, Yoshinaga M (1984) Generation of an interleukin-I-like lymphocyte-stimulating factor at inflammatory sites:correlation with the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Br J Exp Pathol 65:521–532

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto K, Shafran KM, Webber PS, Lazarus GS, Singer KJ (1983) Anti-cell surface pemphigus autoantibody stimulates plasminogen activator activity of human epidermal cells. A mechanism for the loss of epidermal cohesion. J Exp Med 157:259–272

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henson PM (1969) The adherence of leucocytes and platelets induced by fixed IgG antibody or complement. Immunology 16:107–121

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henson PM, Johnson HB, Spiegelberg HL (1972) The release of granule enzymes from human neutrophils stimulated by aggregated immunoglobulins of different classes and subclasses. J Immunol 109:1182–1192

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoover RL, Briggs RT, Karnovsky MJ (1978) The adhesive interaction between polymorphonuclear leucocytes and endothelial cells in vitro. Cell 14:423–428

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoover RL, Karnovsky MJ, Austen KF, Corey EJ, Lewis RA (1984) Leukotriene B4 action on endothelium mediates augmented neutrophil/endothelial adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:2191–2193

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hudig D, Sell S (1978) Serum concentrations of alpha-macro fetoprotein (acute-phase alpha-2-macroglobulin), a proteinase inhibitor, in pregnant and neonatal rats and in rats with acute inflammation. Inflammation 3 (2):137–148

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hugli TE, Taylor JC, Crawford JP (1976) Selective cleavage of human C3 by human leukocyte elastase (HLE). J Immunol 116:1737–1739

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter J (1794) In:A treatise on the blood, inflammation and gunshot wounds. Richardson, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurley JV (1964) Substances promoting leukocyte emigration. Ann NY Acad Sci 116:918–935

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Issekutz AC, Megyeri P (1987) Induction of leukocyte infiltration by endotoxin. In:Movat HZ (ed) Leukocyte emigration. Karger, Basel, pp 24–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacob HS, Craddock PR, Hammerschmidt DE, Moldow CF (1980) Complement induction of granulocyte aggregation:an unsuspected mechanism of disease. N Engl J Med 302:789–794

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janoff A (1972) Human granulocyte elastase. Further delineation of its role in connective tissue damage. Am J Pathol 68:579–592

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson RL, Ziff M (1976) Lymphokine stimulation of collagen accumulation. J Clin Invest 58(1):240–252

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston RB Jr, Stroud RM (1977) Complement and host defense against infection. J Pediatr 90:169–179

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kampschmidt RF (1984) The numerous postulated biological manifestations of interleukin-1. J Leukocyte Biol 36:341–355

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klebanoff SJ (1968) Myeloperoxidase-halide-hydrogen peroxide antibacterial system. J Bacteriol 95:2131–2138

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klebanoff SJ, Hamon CB (1972) Role of myeloperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial systems in intact leukocytes. J Reticuloendothel Soc 12:170–196

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krakauer T, Oppenheim J J, Jasin HE (1985) Human interleukin 1 intermediates cartilage matrix degradation. Cell Immunol 91(1):92–99

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus GS (1973) Studies on the degradation of collagen by collagenases. In:Dingle JT (ed) Lysosomes in biology and pathology, vol 3. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 338–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Lentnek AL, Schreiber AD, MacGregor RR (1976) The induction of augmented granulocyte adherence by inflammation. Mediation by a plasma factor. J Clin Invest 57:1098–1103

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luger TA, Charon J A, Colot M, Micksche M, Oppenheim JJ (1983) Chemotactic properties of partially purified human epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF) for polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells. J Immunol 131 (2):816–820

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lyman WD, Roth GA, Chui FC, Brosnan CF, Bornstein MB, Raine CS (1986) Antigen specific T cells can mediate demyelination in organotypic central nervous system cultures. Cell Immunol 102:217–226

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor RR (1976) Cyclic nucleotide induction as a mechanism for modification of granulocyte adherence (GA) by plasma factors. Clin Res 24:348A

    Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor RR (1977) Granulocyte adherence changes induced by hemodialysis, endotoxin epinephrine, and glucocorticoids. Ann Intern Med 86:35–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor RR, Macarak EJ, Kefalides NA (1978 a) Comparative adherence of granulocytes to endothelial monolayers and nylon fiber. J Clin Invest 61:697–702

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor RR, Negendank WB, Schreiber AD (1978 b) Impaired granulocyte adherence in multiple myeloma: relationship to complement system, granulocyte delivery, and infection. Blood 51:591–599

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mackay AR, Sedgwick AD, Dunn CJ, Fleming WE, Willoughby DA (1985) The transition from acute to chronic inflammation. Br J Dermatol 113 (Suppl 28):34–48

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer MM (1973) The complement system. Sci Am 229:54–66

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Metzger WJ, Richerson HB, Waserman SI (1986) Generation and partial characterization of eosinophil chemotactic activity and neutrophil chemotactic activity during early and late-phase asthmatic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 78:282–290

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montesano R, Mossaz A, Ryser JE, Orci L, Vassalli P (1984) Leukocyte interleukin induced cultured endothelial cells to produce a highly organized, glycosaminoglycan-rich pericellular matrix. J Cell Biol 99:1706–1715

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morley J (1981) Role of prostaglandins secreted by macrophages in the inflammatory process. Lymphokines 4:377–394

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nawroth PP, Stern DM (1986 a) Modulation of endothelial cell hemostatic properties by tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med 163:740–746

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nawroth PP, Handley DA, Esmon CT, Stern DM (1986 b) Interleukin 1 induces endothelial cell procoagulant while suppressing cell-surface anticoagulant activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:3460–3464

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dea R, Viveros OH, Axelrod J, Awanikaumar S, Schiffmann E, Corcoran BA (1978) Rapid stimulation of protein carboxymethylation in leukocytes by a chemotactic peptide. Nature 272:462–465

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Flaherty JT, Craddock PR, Jacob HS (1978) Effect of intravascular complement activation on granulocyte adhesiveness and distribution. Blood 51:731–733

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheim JJ, Charon J A, Luger TA (1982) Evidence for an in vivo inflammatory role of interleukin 1 (IL-1). Transplant Res 14:553–557

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Passwell JH, Dayer JM, Merler E (1979) Increased prostaglandin production by human monocytes after membrane receptor activation. J Immunol 123:115–117

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson JD, Carleton JS, Beesley JE, Hutchings A, Gordon JL (1979) Granulocyte adhesion to endothelium in culture. J Cell Sci 38:225–231

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perillie PE, Nolan JP, Finch SC (1962) Studies of the resistance to infection in diabetes mellitus:local exudate cellular response. J Lab Clin Med 59:1008–1012

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pettipher ER, Higgs GA, Henderson BA (1986) Interleukin 1 induces leukocyte infiltration and cartilage proteoglycan degradation in the synovial joint. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:8749–8752

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pick E (1976) The mechanism of action of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). A personal view. Curr Titles Immunol 4:565–568

    Google Scholar 

  • Pike MC, Kredich NM, Snyderman R (1978) Requirement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation for human monocyte chemotaxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:3928–3930

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plow EF, Edgington TS (1975) An alternative pathway for fibrinolysis. I. The cleavage of fibrinogen leukocyte proteases at physiologic pH. J Clin Invest 56:30–35

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pohlman TH, Stanness KA, Beatty PG, Ochs HD, Harlan JM (1986) An endothelial cell surface factor(s) induced in vitro by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases neutrophil adherence by a CDwl8-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 136:4548–4551

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prendergast RA, Lutty GA, Dinarello CA (1987) Interleukin-1 induces corneal neovascularization. Fed Proc 46:1200

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapport MM, Green AA, Page IH (1948) Crystalline serotonin. Science 108:329–330

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riddle JM, Odle NA, Bluhm GB, Barnhart MI (1967) Leucocyte-fibrin interactions. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 18:302–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowley DA, Benditt EP (1956) 5-Hydroxytryptamine and histamine as mediators of the vascular injury produced by agents which damage mast cells in rats. J Exp Med 103:399–411

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saklatvala J (1986) Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates resorption and inhibits synthesis of proteoglycan in cartilage. Nature 32:547–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Salin ML, McCord JM (1974) Superoxide dismutases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Clin Invest 54:1005–1009

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samuelsson B (1981) Leukotrienes:mediators of allergic reactions and inflammation. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 66(1):98–101

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz DR (1978) Mediators of the inflammatory process. In:Talbott JH (ed) Fundamental and clinical aspects of internal medicine. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 27–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligmann B, Gallin EK, Martin DL, Shain W, Gallin JI (1977) Evidence of membrane potential changes in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes during exposure to the chemotactic factor formylemethionylleucylphenyl alanine as measured with the fluorescent dye DI pentyloxa carbo cyanine. J Cell Biol 75:103a

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalaby MR, Pennica D, Palladino MA Jr (1986) An overview of the history and biologic properties of tumor necrosis factor. Springer Semin Immunopathol 9:33–38

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shevach EM, Jaffe ES, Green I (1973) Receptors for complement and immunoglobulin on human and animal lymphoid cells. Transplant Rev 16:3–11

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MJ, Ford-Hutchinson AW, Bray MA (1980) Leukotriene B, a potential mediator of inflammation. J Pharm Pharmacol 32:517–521

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith RJ, Ignarro LJ (1975) Bioregulation of lysosomal enzyme secretion from human neutrophils:roles of guanosine 3′5′-monophosphate and calcium in stimulus-secretion coupling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72 (1):108–111

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snyderman R, Goetzl EJ (1981) Molecular and cellular mechanisms of leukocyte chemotaxis. Science 213:830–833

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon A (1978) Possible role of PMN proteases in immunoglobulin degradation and amyloid formation. In:Havemann K, Janoff A (eds) Neutral proteases of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Urban and Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, pp 423–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Soter NA, Austen FK (1977) Urticaria, angioedema, and mediator release in humans in response to physical environmental stimuli. Fed Proc 36:1736–1739

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spector WG (1951) The role of some higher peptides in inflammation. J Pathol Bacteriol 63:93–97

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spilberg I, Mehta J (1979) Demonstration of a specific neutrophil receptor for a cell-de-rived chemotactic factor. J Clin Invest 63:85–90

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spilberg I, Gallacher J, Mehta JM, Mandell B (1976) Urate crystal-induced chemotactic factor:isolation and partial characterization. J Clin Invest 58:815–820

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starkey PM, Barrett AJ, Burleigh MC (1977) The degradation of articular collagen by neutrophil proteinases. Biochim Biophys Acta 483:386–389

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stastny P, Ziff M (1970) Inhibitor of macrophage migration produced by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. J Reticuloendothel Soc 7:140–145

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steele L, Hunneyball IM, Mason CG (1984) Contribution of LTB4 to leukocyte migration in inflammatory lesions. J Pharm Pharmacol 36:644–647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson B, Saklatvala J, Chambers TJ (1985) The effect of interleukin 1 (Catabolin) on bone resorption by disaggregated osteoclasts. Lymphokine Res 4 (1):75

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahl LM, Ohlsen CE, Sandberg AL, Mergenhagen SE (1977) Prostaglandin regulation of macrophage collagenase production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:4955–4958

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman SI, Soter NA, Center DM, Austen KF (1977) Cold urticaria. Recognition and characterization of a neutrophil chemotactic factor which appears in serum during experimental cold challenge. J Clin Invest 60:189–194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wedmore CV, Williams TJ (1981) Control of vascular permeability by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in inflammation. Nature 289:646–648

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weissmann G, Korchak HM, Perez HD, Smolen JE, Goldstein IM, Hoffstein ST (1979) The secretory code of the neutrophil. J Reticuloendothel Soc 26:687–691

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Werb Z, Gordon S (1975 a) Secretion of a specific collagenase by stimulated macrophages. J Exp Med 142:346–350

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Werb Z, Gordon S ( 1975 b) Elastase secretion by stimulated macrophages. Characterization and regulation. J Exp Med 142:361–367

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams LT, Snyderman R, Pike MC, Lefkowitz RJ (1977) Specific receptor sites for chemotactic peptides on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:1204–1207

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams TJ, Morley J (1973) Prostaglandins as potentiators of increased vascular permeability in inflammation. Nature 246:215–218

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams TJ, Piper PJ (1980) The action of chemically pure SRS-A on the microcirculation in vivo. Prostaglandins 19:779–782

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Willoughby DA, DiRosa M (1970) A unifying concept for inflammation:a new appraisal of some old mediators. Exeerpta Medica Int Congr Ser 229:28–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Willoughby DA, Polak L, Turk JL (1968) Suppression of contact hypersensitivity and acute inflammation by anti-complement serum. Nature 219:192–194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Willoughby DA, Coote E, Turk JL (1969) Complement in acute inflammation. J Pathol 97:295–301

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wood DD, Ihrie EJ, Dinarello CA, Cohen PL (1983) Isolation of an interleukin-l-like factor from human joint effusions. Arthritis Rheum 26 (8):975–978

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto S, Dunn CJ, Deporter DA, Capasso F, Willoughby DA, Huskinsson EC (1975) A model for the quantitative study of Arthus (immunologic) hypersensitivity in rats. Agents Actions 5:374–377

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto S, Dunn CJ, Willoughby DA (1976 a) Studies on delayed hypersensitivity pleural exudates in guinea pigs. I. Demonstration of substances in the cell-free exudate which cause inhibition of mononuclear cell migration in vitro. Immunology 30:505–511

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto S, Dunn CJ, Willoughby DA (1976 b) Studies on delayed hypersensitivity pleural exudates in guinea pigs. II. The interrelationship of monocytic and lymphocytic cells with respect to migration activity. Immunology 30:513–519

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida T, Bigazzi PE, Cohen S (1975) Biologic and antigenic similarity of virus-induced migration inhibition factor in conventional, lymphocyte-derived migration inhibition factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:1641–1643

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ziff M (1983) Factors involved in cartilage injury. J Rheumatol (Suppl) 11:13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zigmond SH (1977) The ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to orient in gradients of chemotactic factor. J Cell Biol 75:606–610

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dunn, C.J., Willoughby, D.A. (1989). The Inflammatory Response — A Review. In: Greaves, M.W., Shuster, S. (eds) Pharmacology of the Skin I. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 87 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73797-8_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73797-8_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73799-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73797-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics