Abstract
Studies of the structure and function of living cells and of the activity of protoplasm within them have led many workers to the conclusion that spirality is a fundamental tendency within the entire plant kingdom. Schmucker (1924), for example, reviewed right- and left-handed tendencies in plants, from bacteria and protozoa to pteridophytes and spermatophytes. In this respect he saw the development of spiral grain that had been described by Braun (1854) and Hartig (1895) as an example of the same natural trend.
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© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Harris, J.M. (1989). Anatomy of Changing Grain Angles. In: Spiral Grain and Wave Phenomena in Wood Formation. Springer Series in Wood Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73779-4_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73779-4_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73781-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73779-4
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