Abstract
Renshen, Radix Ginseng, is the dry root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. (Araliaceae), a worldwide well-known traditional Chinese medicine with the popular name “ginseng”. The wild-growing or cultivated ginseng root, which is collected in the fall, is officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and used as a tonic.
Keywords
- Panax Ginseng
- Ginseng Root
- Ginseng Extract
- Saponin Content
- Total Saponin
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Höhrhammer L, Wagner H, Loy B (1961) Contents of the Panax ginseng root. Preliminary report. Pharm Z 106:1307–1311
Shibata S, Fujita M, Itokawa H, Tanaka O, Ishii T (1963) Studies on the constituents of Japanese and Chinese crude drugs. XI. Panaxadiol, a sapogenin of Ginseng roots (1). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 11:759–761
Kotake M (1930) Glucosides. I. Glucoside of Panax ginseng. J Chem Soc Jpn 51:357–360
Shibata S, Tanaka O, Sado M, Tsushima S (1963) On the genuine sapogenin of Ginseng. Tetrahedron Lett 795–800
Shibata S, Tanaka O, Ando T, Sado M, Tsushima S, Ohsawa T (1966) Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs. XIV. Protopanaxadiol, a genuine sapogenin of Ginseng saponins. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 14:595–600
Tanaka O, Nagai M, Shibata S (1964) The stereochemistry of protopanaxadiol, a genuine sapogenin of Ginseng. Tetrahedron Lett 2291–2297
Tanaka O, Nagai M, Shibata S (1966) Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs. XVI. The stereochemistry of protopanaxadiol, a genuine sapogenin of Ginseng. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 14:1150–1156
Tanaka O, Nagai M, Ohsawa T, Tanaka N, Shibata S (1967) Stereochemistry of protopanaxadiol. Acid catalyzed epimerization of C-20 hydroxy of betulafolienetriol, protopanaxadiol, and their derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 391–396
Tanaka O, Nagai M, Ohsawa T, Tanaka N, Kawai K, Shibata S (1972) Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs. XXVII. The acid catalyzed reaction and the absolute configuration at C(20) of dammarane type triterpenes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 20:1204–1211
Shibata S, Tanaka O, Soma K, Iida Y, Ando T, Nakamura H (1965) Studies on saponins and sapogenins of Ginseng. The structure of panaxatriol. Tetrahedron Lett 207–213
Puff H, Friedrichs E, Habscheid M, Quante G, Chen WS (1986) Panaxadiol and panaxatriol monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr [C] 42:576–579
Besso H, Kaisai R, Saruwatari Y, Fuwa T, Tanaka O (1982) Ginsenoside-Ra1 and ginsenoside-Ra2, new dammarane-saponins of Ginseng root. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 30:2380–2385
Koizumi H, Sanada S, Ida Y, Shoji J (1982) Studies on the saponins of Ginseng. IV On the structure and enzymatic hydrolysis of ginsenoside Ra1. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 30:2393–2398
Matsuura H, Kasai R, Tanaka O, Saruwatari Y, Kunihiro K, Fuwa T (1984) Further studies on dammarane-saponins of Ginseng root. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 32:1188–1192
Sanada S, Kondo N, Shoji J, Tanaka O, Shibata S (1974) Studies on the saponins of Ginseng. I. Structures of ginsenoside-Ro, -Rbl, -Rb2, -Rc and -Rd. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 22:421–428
Kasai R, Besso M, Tanaka O, Saruwatari Y, Fuwa T (1983) Saponins of red Ginseng. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 31:2120–2125
Sanada S, Shoji J (1978) Studies on the saponins of Ginseng. III. Structures of ginsenoside-Rb3 and 20-glucoginsenoside-Rf. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 26:1694–1697
Luo SD, Liu AY, Liu YY (1983) Comparison of active constituents and pharmacological effects of ginseng root and ginseng rhizome. Chin Pharm Bull 18:468–470
Kitagawa I, Yoshikawa M, Yashihara M, Hayashi T, Taniyama T (1983) Chemical studies on crude drug procession. I. On the constituents of Ginseng Radix Rubra. Yakugaku Zasshi 103:612–622
Besso H, Kasai R, Wei J, Wang JF, Saruwatari Y, Fuwa T, Tanaka O (1982) Further studies on dammarane-saponins of American Ginseng, root of Panax quinquefolium L. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 30:4534–4538
Kitagawa I, Taniyama T, Hayashi T, Yoshikawa M (1983) Malonyl-ginsenosided-Rbl5 -Rb2, -Rc and Rd, four new malonylated dammarane-type triterpene oligosaccharides from Ginseng radix. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 31:3353–3356
Sanada S, Kondo N, Shoji J, Tanaka O, Shibata S (1974) Studies on the saponins of Ginseng. II. Structures of ginsenoside-Re, -Rf, and -Rg2. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 22:2407–2412
Iida Y, Tanaka O, Shibata S (1968) Studies on saponins of Ginseng: the structure of ginsenoside-Rg1. Tetrahedron Lett 5449–5453.
Nagai Y, Tanaka O, Shibata S (1971) Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs. XXIV Structure of ginsenoside-Rg1, a neutral saponin of Ginseng root. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 27:881–892
Li XG, Teng FT (1979) Studies on the triterpenoid in Panax ginseng. Acta Bot Sin 21:181–185
Tanaka O, Kasai R (1984) Saponins of Ginseng and related plant. In: Herz W, Grisebach H, Kirby GW, Tamm C (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products Vol. 46. Springer, Vienna New York, pp 1–76
Xu SX, Wang NL, Li YH (1986) Chemical constituents of red ginseng. II. Acta Pharm Sin 21:356–360
Xu SX, Zhang FX, Yao NX (1986) Chemical constituents of ginseng. IX. Comparative analysis of the contents of ginseng saponins in Chinese and Korean red ginseng. J Shenyang Coll Pharm 3:95–99
Xu JD (1982) Separation and identification of ginsenosides in the rootstock of Jilin Ginseng. Chin Pharm Bull 17:501
Kuang HX, Xu JD, Jiang XK (1986) Studies on the rhizomes of ginseng. II. Isolation and identification of saponins D1 and D2 from the rhizome of ginseng. Bull Chin Mater Med 11:104–106
Kuang HX, Xu JD, Jiang XK, Cheng GR (1986) Studies on the rhizoma ginseng. III. Isolation and identification of saponins E1 and E2. Bull Chin Mater Med 11:166–168
Yahara S, Kaji K, Tanaka O (1979) Further study on dammarane-type saponins of roots, leaves, flower-buds and fruits of Panax ginseng. C.A. Meyer. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 27:88–92
Yahara S, Tanaka O, Komori T (1976) Saponins of the leaves of Panax ginseng. C.A. Meyer. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 24:2204–2208
Cai PL, Xu JD, Gu YQ (1982) Isolation and identification of ginsenosides in the leaves of Jilin Ginseng. Chin Pharm Bull 17:500
Cai PL, Xu JD, Gu YQ (1986) Chemical composition of the home-grown ginseng leaves. I. Isolation and identification of ginsenosides. J Bethune Univ Med Sci 12:16–20
Xu SX, Wang NL, Shen M, Lu XK (1986) Chemical constituents of saponins of the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. C.A. Meyer. Acta Bot Sin 28:95–101
Yahara S, Matsuura S, Kasai R, Tanaka O (1976) Saponins of buds and flowers of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. I. Isolation of ginsenoside-Rd, -Re and -Rg1. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 24:3212–3213
Shao CJ, Xu JD (1982) Isolation and identification of ginsenosides in the flowers and flower buds of Jilin Ginseng. Chin Pharm Bull 17:500
Shao CJ, Xu JD, Jiang XK, Cheng GR (1984) Studies on chemical constituents of flower buds of Panax ginseng — isolation and identification of ginsenoside-Rb3 and -Rc. Bull Chin Mater Med 9:172–173
Shao CJ, Xu JD, Jiang XK, Cheng GR (1984) Chemical studies on the tetracyclic triterpenic saponins in flower buds of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Chem J Chin Univ 5:674–676
Shao CJ, Xu JD, Jiang XK, Cheng GR (1985) Studies on the chemical constituents of flower buds of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer of Jilin. I. Isolation and identification of ginsenosides Rg2, Re and Rd. J Bethune Univ Med Sci 11:142–145
Tu ES, Wang YS, Liu YC (1980) Studies on the extraction technology and the saponin content in aerial parts of Ginseng. Chin Trad Herb Drugs 11:515–516
Zhang YH (1983) Different processings of ginseng and saponin content in different parts of plant for medicinal use. Chin Trad Herb Drugs 14:211–212
Wu GX, Wei YD, Song CC, Wang CR, Ma XY, Xu JD, Zhang DX, Jiang XK (1988) Comparative analysis of the contents of ginseng saponins in wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng. Chin Pharm Bull 23:397–398
Yamaguchi H, Matsuura H, Kasai R, Tanaka O, Satake M, Koda H, Izumi H, Nuno M, Katsuki S, et al. (1988) Analysis of saponins of wild Panax ginseng. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 36:4177–4181
Sollorz G (1985) Quality evaluation of ginseng roots. Quantitative HPLC determination of ginsenosides. Dtsch Apoth Z 125:2052–2055
Meier B, Meier-Bratschi A, Dallenbach-Toelke K, Sticher O (1985) Quantitative analysis of ginseng by HPLC. In: Chang HM, Yeung HW, Tso WW, Koo A (eds) Advances in Chinese Medicinal Material Research. World Science Singapore, pp 471–484
Yamaguchi H, Kasai R, Matsuura H, Tanaka O, Fuwa T (1988) High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of acidic saponins of ginseng and related plants. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 36:3468–3473
Shao CJ, Xu JD (1982) Thin-layer scanning and colorimetric determination of ginseng saponins. Chin Trad Herb Drugs 13:355–359
Zhang GD, Zhou ZH, Liu HY (1983) Analysis of ginseng. III. Isolation and TLC-densitometry determination of ginseng saponins. Acta Pharm Sin 18:607–611
Wang MZ, Gao FY, Zhang GD, Zhang SR (1979) Analysis of ginseng. I. Extraction and colorimetric determination of ginseng saponins. Acta Pharm Sin 14:309–315
Tai BS, Geng CG, Li J (1983) Colorimetric determination of ginsenosides in ginseng preparations. Chin J Pharm Anal 3:234–236
Xu SX, Wang NL, Li B, Yao NX (1986) Studies on the chemical composition of ginseng. X. Studies on the comparative quantitative analysis of ginseng saponins. J Shenyang Coll Pharm 3:173–177
Xie PS, Yan YZ (1987) HPTLC fingerprint identification of commercial ginseng drugs -reinvestigation of HPTLC of ginsenosides. J High Resolut Chromatogr Commun 10:607–613
Xie PS, Yan YZ (1988) Differentiation and evaluation of ginsengs and their preparations by means of HPTLC fingerprint analysis. J Planar Chromatogr Mod TLC 1:29–34
Song CC, Ma XY (1983) Analysis of the chemical constituents of Ren Shen Lu. J Bethune Univ Med Sci 9:56–59
Shao CJ, Kuang HX, Xu JD (1983) Quantitative determination of saponins of ginseng extract. Chin Pharm Bull 18:734–736
Wang CR, Wei YD, Xu JD (1983) Analysis of the chemical constituents of Ren Shen Gao. J Bethune Univ Med Sci 9:60–62
Shou CJ, Xu JD (1983) Quantitative and qualitative determination of ginseng tea — a ginseng tonic. J Bethune Univ Med Sci 9:93–95
Zhang HX, Sun YX, Wang SQ, Jiang WP, Yang LR (1985) Analysis of the volatile constituents of Jilin ginseng. Kexue Tongbao [Foreign Lang] 30:195–199
Iwabuehi H, Yoshikura M, Obata S, Kamisako W (1984) Studies on the aroma constituents of crude drugs. I. On the aroma constituents of Ginseng radix. Yakugaku Zasshi 104:951–958
Takahashi M, Yoshikura M (1966) Studies on the components of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. IV. On the structure of a new acetylene derivative “panaxynol” (2). Synthesis of 1,7,9-heptadecatrien-4-yn-3-ol. Yakugaku Zasshi 86:1051–1053
Takahashi M, Yoshikura M (1966) Studies on the components of Panax ginseng. C.A. Meyer. V. On the structure of a new acetylene derivative, “panaxynol” (3). Synthesis of 1,9-(cis)-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol. Yakugaku Zasshi 86:1053–1056
Poplawski J, Wrobel JT, Glinka T (1980) Panaxydol, a new polyacetylenic expoxide from Panax ginseng roots. Phytochemistry 19:1539–1541
Shim SC, Koh HY, Han BH (1983) Polyacetylenes from Panax ginseng roots. Phytochemistry 22:1817–1818
Dabrowski Z, Wrobel JT, Wojtasiewicz K (1980) Structure of an acetylenic compound from Panax ginseng. Phytochemistry 19:2464–2465
Shoji J (1985) Recent advances in the chemical studies on ginseng. In: Chang HM, Yeung HW, Tso WW, Koo A (eds) Advances in Chinese Medicinal Material Research. World Science, Singapore, pp 455–469
Konno C, Sugiyama K, Kano M, Takahashi M, Hikino H (1984) Validity of the oriental medicines. LXX. Antidiabetes drugs. 1. Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of panaxans A, B, C, D and E, glycans of Panax ginseng roots. Planta Med 50:434–436
Hikino H, Oshima Y, Suzuki Y, Konno C (1985) Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of panaxans F, G and H, glycans of Panax ginseng roots. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 39:331–333
Oshima Y, Konno C, Hikino H (1985) Antidiabetes drugs. XIV. Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of panaxans I, J, K and L, glycans of Panax ginseng roots. J Ethnopharmacol 14:255–259
Konno C, Murakami M, Oshima Y, Hikino H (1985) Validity of the Oriental medicines. CVI. Antidiabetes drugs. 19. Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of panaxans Q, R, S, T and U, glycans of Panax ginseng roots. J Ethnopharmacol 14:69–74
Tomoda M, Shimada K, Konno C, Sugiyama K, Hikino H (1984) Validity of Oriental medicines. LXXI. Antidiabetes drugs. 2. Partial structure of panaxan A, a hypoglycaemic glycan of Panax ginseng roots. Planta Med 50:436–438
Tomoda M, Shimada K, Konno C, Hikino H (1985) Validity of Oriental medicines. XCIV. Antidiabetes drugs. 12. Structure of panaxan B, a hypoglycemic glycan of Panax ginseng roots. Phytochemistry 24:2431–2433
Li RQ, Zhang YS (1985) Analysis of the chemical constituents of ginseng polysaccharide. Chin Trad Herb Drugs 16:389–391
Li RQ, Zhang YS (1984) Purification and characterization of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer pectin. Acta Pharm Sin 19:764–768
Wei JX (1982) Studies on the constituents of Korean red ginseng — isolation and identification of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone. Acta Pharm Sin 17:549–550
Xu SX, Wang NL, Li YH (1986) The isolation and identification of 2-methyl-pyrone-3-O-β-D-glueoside from Chinese red ginseng. Acta Pharm Sin 21:71–72
Matsuura H, Hirao Y, Yoshida S, Kunihiro K, Fuwa T, Kasai R, Tanaka O (1984) Study of red ginseng: new glucosides and a note on the occurrence of maltol. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 32:4674–4677
Wang ZX, Zang YY, Liu MS, Shang FC, Li YQ, Chi JP, Lin L, Jiao Q, Zhao HB (1985) Flavonoid constituents of the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. C.A. Meyer. J Sheuyang Coll Pharm 2:284–287
Cheng GR (1986) A review of the studies on Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Guihaia 6:305–308
Yu ZY, Yang H (1988) Recent developments in the study of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Chin Pharm Bull 23:12–14
Zhou HP (1988) The saponin constituents and pharmacology of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Chin Pharm Bull 23:720–724
Wang BX (1980) Recent progress of pharmacological studies of Panax ginseng. Acta Pharm Sin 15:312–320
Wang BX, Cui JC, Liu AJ (1982) Effect of ginsenosides extracted from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng in promoting animal growth. Acta Pharm Sin 17:899–904.
Nagasawa T, Oura H, Hiai S, Nishinaga K (1977) Effect of ginseng extract on ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in rat kidney. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 25:1665–1670
Zhang BF, Pan WJ, Wu CF, Chen S, Wang LY, Tan YZ (1985) Effects of saponin (GSL) on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis of Ever and kidney in normal and reserpinized mice. J Shenyang Coll Pharm 2:121–124
Wen SR, Li MY, Wang SX, Liu DX (1982) Effect of total saponins from aerial parts of ginseng on the biosynthesis of nucleic acid and protein. Chin Pharm Bull 17:362–363
Yamamoto M, Takeuchi N, Kumagai A, Yamamura Y (1977) Stimulatory effect of Panax ginseng principles on DNA, RNA, protein and lipid synthesis in rat bone marrow. Arzneimittelforschung 27:1169–1173
Yamamoto M, Masaka M, Yamada K, Hayashi Y, Hirai A, Kumagai A (1978) Stimulatory effect of ginsenosides on DNA, protein and lipid synthesis in rat bone marrow and participation of cyclic nucleotides. Arzneimittelforschung 28:2238–2241
Lu ZQ, Dice JF (1985) Ginseng extract inhibits protein degradation and stimulates protein synthesis in human fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 126:636–640
Jie YH, Cammisuli S, Baggiolini M (1984) Immunomodulatory effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in the mouse. Agents Actions 15:386–391
Cui JC, Liu AJ, Wang BX (1982) Effect of ginsenosides from stems and leaves of ginseng on immunological functions. Chin Trad Herb Drugs 13:29–31
Wang BX, Cui JC, Liu AJ (1981) Effect of polysaccharide of ginseng root on immunological function. Chin Pharm Bull 16:53
Yuan WX, Shang XH, Jin ML, Shang K (1986) Effects of ginseng root polysaccharides on cyclophosphamide-suppressed immunity. J Shenyang Coll Pharm 3:162–165
Wang BX, Cui JC, Liu AJ (1985) The effect of ginseng on immune responses. In: Chang HM, Yeung HW, Tso WW, Koo A (eds) Advances in Chinese Medicinal Material Research. World Science, Singapore, pp 519–527
Lee DC, Lee MO, Kim CY, Clifford DH (1981) Effect of ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of ginseng on cardiovascular function in dogs. Can J Comp Med 45:182–187
Chen X, Zhu QY, Liu LY, Tang XL (1981) Effects of ginsenosides on cardiac performance and hemodynamics in dogs. Chin Pharm Bull 16:757
Chen X, Zhu QY, Liu LY, Tang XL (1982) Effect of ginsenosides on cardiac performance and hemodynamics of dogs. Acta Pharmacol Sin 3:236–239
Pan WJ, Zhang BF, Wu CF, Wang LY, Chen S, Tan YZ (1985) Effect of ginseng leaf and stem saponins on cardiac performance and hemodynamics of dogs. J Shenyang Coll Pharm 2:51–55
Chen H, Fang YH, Teng HW, Chen N, Liu LY, Hsiao H, Tang HL (1981) Effects of active constituents of ginseng and Citrus aurantium and Clonidine on experimental myocardial infarction. Chin Pharm Bull 16:50–51
Shi LR, Zhang Y (1984) Histochemistry and electron microscopic cytochemistry on SDH and LDH in the myocardium of experimental anoxia mice. Acta Anat Sin 15:210–215
Chen YZ, Huo YS, Yu ZS, Zhang W (1986) Mouse myocardial necrosis preventive effects of ginsenosides from various parts of ginseng. Bull Chin Mater Med 11:368–370
Wang HP, Zhang SF, Zhao ZH, Fan GY, Xie RH (1986) The effect of ginseng leaf saponins on the myocardium of rats of various ages. Acta Zool Sin 32:101–105
Chen X, Gillis CN, Moalli R (1984) Vascular effects of ginsenosides in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 82:485–491
Lim CJ, Park EH, Rhee DK (1981) Studies on the effect of ginseng total saponin on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats. Hanguk Saenghwa Hakhoe Chi 14:188–198 (CA 96:28471k)
Moon CK, Kang NY, Yun YP, Lee SH, Lee HA, Kang TL (1984) Effects of red ginseng-crude saponin on plasma lipid levels in rats fed on a diet high in cholesterol and triglyceride. Arch Pharmacol Res 7:41–45 (CA 101:204131g)
Yokozawa T, Kobayashi T, Kawai A, Oura H, Kawashima Y (1985) Hyperhpemia-improving effects of ginsenoside-Rb2 in cholesterol-fed rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 33:722–729
Yokozawa T, Kobayashi T, Kawai A, Oura H, Kawashima Y (1984) Stimulation of the lipogenic pathway in ginsenoside-Rb2 treated rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 32:4490–4496
Qureshi AA, Abuirmeileh N, Din ZZ, Ahmad Y, Burger WC, Elson CE (1983) Suppression of cholesterogenesis and reduction of LDL cholesterol by dietary ginseng and its fraction in chicken liver. Arterosclerosis 48:81–94
Shin MR (1976) Studies on the antidotal effect of Panax ginseng. Therapeutic effect of ginseng on acute alcoholism. Koryo Taehakkyo Uikwa Taehak Chapchi 13:231–246 (CA 88:70260a)
Petkov V, Koushev V, Panova Y (1977) Accelerated elimination under the effect of ginseng (experiments in rats). Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 3:46–50 (CA 88:70259g)
Joo CN, Koo JD, Kim DS, Lee SJ (1977) Biochemical studies of ginseng saponins. XL The effect of ginseng saponins on aldehyde dehydrogenase. Hanguk Saenghwa Hakhoe Chi 10:109–120 (CA 88:130977b)
Huh K, Choi CW (1978) Effect of Panax ginseng on the hepatic alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in mouse and rat. Yongnam Taehakkyo Chonyonmul Hwahak Yongu-so Yongu Pogo 5:1–13 (CA 91:83306g)
Yu HY, Kim CM, Koo KH (1982) An experimental study on the effect of ginseng saponin upon alcoholic liver injury. Hanyang Uidae Haksulchi 2:287–304 (CA 98:174615t)
Bao TT (1981) Effect of total saponin of Panax ginseng on alloxan diabetes in mice. Acta Pharm Sin 16:618–620
Yokozawa T, Kobayashi T, Oura H, Kawashima Y (1985) Studies on the mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of ginsenoside-Rb2 in streptozotocin-induced rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 33:869–872
Waki I, Kyo H, Yasuda M, Kimura M (1982) Effects of a hypoglycemic component of ginseng radix on insulin biosynthesis in normal and diabetic animals. J Pharmacobiodyn 5:547–554
Hiai S, Yokoyama H, Oura H, Kawashima Y (1983) Evaluation of corticosterone secretion-inducing activities of ginsenosides and their prosapogenins and sapogenins. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 31:168–174
Zong RY, Zheng SQ, Liu J (1985) Adrenocorticotropic hormone-like effects of ginseng saponin. J Bethune Univ Med Sci 11:254–258
Hiai S, Sasaki S, Oura H (1979) Effect of ginseng saponin on rat adrenal cyclic AMP. Planta Med 37:15–19
Hiai S, Yokoyama H, Oura H (1979) Features of ginseng saponin-induced corticosterone secretion. Endocrinol Jpn 26:737–740
Yuan WX, Wu XJ, Han YJ, Shang XH, Zhang LL (1985) Effects of extracts of ginseng and saponins of ginseng on insulin shock and serum glucose. J Shenyang Coll Pharm 2:207–211
Zhang SC, Jiang XL (1981) Antistress effect and the effect on functions of hypophyseal-adrenal system of saponins from Panax ginseng fruit. Acta Pharm Sin 16:860–863
Cheng XJ, Liu YL, Lin GF, Luo XT (1986) Effects of ginseng root saponins on central transmitters and plasma corticosterone in hypothermia-stressed rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 7:6–8
Yun YS, Lee SY, Kim BS, Yun TK (1980) Studies on the mechanism of action of the cytotoxic fraction from Korean ginseng roots. I. Effects of petroleum ether fraction from Korean ginseng roots on the biosynthesis of macromolecules in mammalian neoplastic cells. Hanguk Saenghwa Hakhoe Chi 13:203–217 (CA 95:126682d)
Yun YS, Lee SY, Kim BS, Yun TK (1980) Studies on the mechanism of action of the cytotoxic fraction from Korean ginseng roots. II. Effects of ethyl acetate fraction from Korean ginseng roots on the biosynthesis of macromolecules in mammalian neoplastic cells. Hanguk Saenghwa Hakhoe Chi 13:219–234 (CA 95:126683e)
Tahara M, Kono H, Mune S, Odashima S (1985) Action of ginsenosides on tumor cells. 1. Growth inhibition and redifferentiation of neoplasia. Wakan Iyaku Gakkaishi 2:170–171 (CA 104:28514k)
Abe H, Arichi S, Hayashi T, Odashima S (1979) Ultrastructural studies of Morris hepatoma cells reversely transformed by ginsenosides. Experientia 35:1647–1649
Odashima S, Nakayabu Y, Honjo N, Abe H, Arichi S (1979) Induction of phenotypic reverse transformation by ginsenosides in cultured Morris hepatoma cells. Eur J Cancer 15:885–892
Arichi S (1980) Antitumor agent containing ginsenosides. Fr Demande 2,430,234 (CA 93:53959w)
Fan IJ, Han R (1979) Effect of harringtonine on L-1210 leukemia cells and normal bone marrow cells in mice. Acta Pharm Sin 14:467–473
Zhou QX, Han R (1983) Effects of the total saponins in Panax ginseng on bone morrow hemopoietic stem cells in mice. Chin Trad Herb Drugs 14:27–29
Kim KJ, Kim HS (1982) Effects of Panax ginseng on the side effects of anticancer agent. Chungnam Uidae Chapchi 9:157–164
Rhee DK, Lim CJ, Kim DH, Hong SK, Park EH, Han YN (1982) Studies on the acute and subacute toxicity of ginseng saponin. Yakhak Hoe Chi 26:209–214 (CA 98:100786c)
Wang BX, Cui JC, Liu AJ (1980) Antidiuretic effect of ginsenosides of the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. Acta Pharmacol Sin 1:126–130
Namba T, Yoshizaki M, Tomimori T, Kobashi K, Mitsui K, Hase J (1973) Hemolytic and its protective activity of ginseng saponin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 21:459
Namba T, Yoshizaki M, Tomimori T, Kobashi K, Mitsui K, Hase J (1974) Fundamental studies on the evaluation of the crude drugs. I. Hemolytic and its protective activity of ginseng saponins. Planta Med 25:28
Odani T, Zanizawa H, Takino Y (1983) Studies on the absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. II. The absorption, distribution and excretion of ginsenoside Rgi in the rat. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 31:292–298
Han BH, Park MH, Han YN, Woo LK, Sankawa U, Yahara S, Tanaka O (1981) The transformation of ginsenosides by acid catalysis in gastric pH. Soul Taehakkyo Saengyak Yonguso Opjukjip 20:7–13 (CA 98:65039n)
Odani T, Tanizawa H, Takino Y (1983) Studies on the absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponin. III. The absorption, distribution and excretion of ginsenoside-Rb1 in the rat. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 31:1059–1066
Joo CN, Koo JH, Lee HB, Yoon JB, Byun YS (1982) Biochemical studies on the absorption of ginseng saponin and its effect on metabolism in animal body. Hanguk Saenghwa Hakhoe Chi 15:189–199 (CA 97:207793j)
Han BH, Woo LK (1979) Synthesis of 3H-labeled dammarane triterpene glycosides of Korean ginseng. Soul Taehakkyo Saengyak Yonguso Opjukjip 18:25–29 (CA 94:65992k)
Chen SE, Sawchuk RJ, Staba EJ (1980) American ginseng. III. Pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides in the rabbit. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 5:161–168
Jenny E, Soldati F (1985) Pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides in the mini pig. In: Chang HM, Yeung HW, Tso WW, Koo A (eds) Advances in Chinese Medicinal Material Research. World Science, Singapore, pp 499–507
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tang, W., Eisenbrand, G. (1992). Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.. In: Chinese Drugs of Plant Origin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73739-8_91
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73739-8_91
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73741-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73739-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive