Skip to main content

The Role of Biological Monitoring

  • Chapter
Pollution of the North Sea
  • 272 Accesses

Abstract

If we initiate pollution monitoring programmes, we must not only consider the monitored ecosystem to be worth conserving, but also that by maintaining deliberate awareness of its health we could anticipate and prevent its decline. We cannot expect to prevent organisms from coming into contact with toxic agents, but can try to ensure that the level of toxic stress is within their capacity to cope.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bayne BL, Brown DA, Burns K, Dixon DR, Ivanovici A, Livingstone DR, Lowe DM, Moore MN, Stebbing ARD, Widdows J (1985) The effects of stress and pollution on marine animals. Praeger, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronowski J (1970) New concepts in the evolution of complexity. Synthese 21:228–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bucke D, Norton MG, Rolfe MS (1983) The field assessment of effects of dumping wastes at sea: 11 Epidermal lesions and abnormalities of fish in the outer Thames Estuary. Fish Res Tech Rep 72:1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne CD, Thain JE, Law RJ, Fileman TW (1985) Measurement of the dispersion of liquid industrial waste discharged from ships. 2 studies using U/V flourescence and bioassay techniques. ICES CM 1985/E25:l-7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns J (1977a) Quantification of biological integrity. In: Ballentine RK, Guarraia LJ (eds) The integrity of water. US Govt, Washington, pp 171-187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns J (1977b) Aquatic ecosystem assimilative capacity Fisheries 2: 5–7 and 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns J (1981) Discussion of: A critique of assimilative capacity. J Wat Pollut Contr Fed 53:1653–1655.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colebrook JM (1986) Environmental influences on long-term variability in marine plankton. Hydrobiologia 142:309–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colebrook JM, Robinson GA, Hunt HG, Roskell J, John AWG, Bottrell HH, Lindley JA, Collins NR, Halliday NC (1984) Continuous plankton records: a possible reversal in the downward trend in the abundance of the plankton of the North Sea and north-east Atlantic. J Cons Int Explor Mer 41:304–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collocott TC (ed) (1971) Dictionary of Science and Technology. Chambers, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cormack D (1982) The use of aircraft for dispersant treatment of oil slicks at sea. Mar Pollut Control Unit, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies JM, Addy JM, Blackman TA, Blanchard JR, Ferbrache JE, Moore DC, Somerville HJ, Whitehead A, Wilkinson T (1984) Environmental effects of the use of oil-based drilling muds in the North Sea. Mar Poll Bull 15:363–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dicks B (1982) Monitoring the effects of North Sea platforms. Mar Poll Bull 13:221–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dicks B, Hartley JP (1982) The effects of repeated small oil spillages and chronic discharges. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 297:285–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donkin P, Widdows J (1986) Scope for growth as a measurement of environmental pollution and its interpretation using structure-activity relationships. Chem Ind 3 Nov:732–737.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eide I, Jensen A (1979) Application of in situ cage cultures of phytoplankton for monitoring heavy metal pollution in two Norwegian fjords. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 37:271–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field JG, Clarke KR, Warwick RM (1982) A practical strategy for analysing multispecies distribution patterns. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 8:37–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GESAMP (1980) Monitoring biological variables related to pollution. Rep No 12, UNESCO, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glover RS, Robinson GA, Colebrook JM (1971) Plankton in the North Atlantic — an example of the problems of analysing variability in the environment. In: Ruivo M (ed) Marine pollution and sea life. Fishing News, London, pp 439–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg ED (1981) The oceans as waste space: the argument. Oceanus 24:1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg ED (ed) (1979) Assimilative capacity of US coastal waters for pollutants. NOAA, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray JS (1979) Pollution-induced changes in populations. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 286:545–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris JRW, Bale AJ, Bayne BL, Mantoura RFC, Morris AW, Nelson A, Radford PJ, Uncles RJ, Weston SA, Widdows J (1984) A preliminary model of the dispersal and biological effect of toxins in the Tamar Estuary, England. Ecol Modelling 22:253–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartley JP (1982) Methods for monitoring offshore macrobenthos. Mar Poll Bull 13:150–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holdgate MW (1979) A perspective of environmental pollution. CUP, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICES (1985) Report of the study group on biological effects techniques. ICES CM 1985/E:48 1–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen A (1984) Marine ecotoxicological tests with phytoplankton. In: Persoone G, Jaspers E, Claus C (eds) Ecotoxicological testing in the marine environment Vol 1. State Univ Ghent Inst Mar Sci Res, Belgium, pp 195-213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen A, Rystad B, Skoglund L (1972) The use of dialysis culture in phytoplankton studies. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 8:241–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R (1982) Population fluctuations and recruitment in marine populations. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 297:353–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kershaw PJ, Swift DJ, Pentreath RJ, Lovett MB (1983) Plutonium redistribution by biological activity in Irish Sea sediments. Nature (Lond) 306:22–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kershaw PJ, Swift DJ, Pentreath RJ, Lovett MB (1984) The incorporation of plutonium, americium and curium into the Irish Sea seabed by biological activity. Sci Tot Environ 40:61–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klockner K, Rosenthal H, Willfuhr J (1985) Invertebrate bioassays with North Sea water samples. 1. Structural effects on embryos and larvae of serpulids, oysters and sea urchins. Helgol Meeresunters 39:1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klomp R, van Pagee JA, Glas PCG (1985) An integrated approach to analyse the North Sea ecosystem behaviour in relation to waste disposal. Waterloopkdig Lab Sep No 85/05, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kornberg H (1982) Oil pollution of the sea: an assessment. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 297:429–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lack TJ, Johnson D (1985) Assessment of the biological effects of sewage sludge at a licensed site off Plymouth. Mar Poll Bull 16:147–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis AG, Whitfield PH, Ramnarine A (1972) Some particulate and soluble agents affecting the relationship between metal toxicity and organism survival in he calanoid copepod Euchaeta japonica. Mar Biol 17:215–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd R (1984) Marine ecotoxicological testing in Great Britain. In: Persoone G, Jaspers E, Claus C (eds) Ecotoxicological testing in the marine environment. Vol 1. State Univ Ghent Inst Mar Sci Res, Belgium, pp 39-55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd R, Thain JE (1982) Use of oyster embryo bioassay to monitor coastal water quality. ICES WGMPNA 5-1/2: 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • MAFF (1986) Fishing prospects. MAFF, Lowestoft.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massie LC, Ward AP, Davies JM, Mackie PR (1985) The effects of oil exploration and production in the northern North Sea: Part 1 — the levels of hydrocarbons in water and sediments in selected areas, 1978–1981. Mar Environ Res 15:165–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre AD (1984) What happened to biological effects monitoring? Mar Poll Bull 15:391–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre AD, Pearce JB (eds) (1980) Biological effects of marine pollution and the problems of monitoring. Rapp P V Réun Cons Int Explor Mer 179:1–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore MN, Lowe DM, Livingstone DR, Dixon DR (1986) Molecular and cellular indices of pollutant effects and their use in environmental impact assessment. Wat Sci Tech 18:223–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray AJ, Norton MG (1982) The field assessment of effects of dumping wastes at sea: 10 Analysis of chemical residues in fish and shellfish from selected coastal regions around England and Wales. Fish Res Tech Rep 69:1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton MG, Eagle RA, Nunny RS, Rolfe MS, Hardiman PA, Hampson BL (1981) The field assessment of effects of dumping wastes at sea:8 Sewage sludge dumping in the outer Thames Estuary. Fish Res Tech Rep 62:1–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novak R (1985) Pollution clean-up techniques examined with computer simulation. Simulation 45:306–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagee JA van, Gerritsen H, de Ruijter WPM (1985) Transport and water quality modelling in the southern North Sea in relation to coastal pollution research and control. Waterloopkdig Lab, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Persoone G, Jaspers E, Claus C (eds) (1984) Ecological testing for the marine environment. 2 Vols. State Univ Ghent Inst Mar Sci Res, Bredene.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pingree RD (1978) The formation of the Shambles and other banks by tidal stirring of the seas. J Mar Biol Ass UK 58:211–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Portmann JE, Lloyd D (1986) Safe use of the assimilative capacity of the marine environment for waste disposal — is it feasible? Wat Sci Tech 18:233–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pravdic V (1985) Environmental capacity — is a new scientific concept acceptable as a strategy to combat marine pollution? Mar Poll Bull 16:295–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preston A (1979) Standards and environmental criteria: the practical application of the results of laboratory experiments and field trials to pollution control. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 286:611–624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radford PJ, Uncles RJ, Morris AW (1981) Simulating the impact of technological change on dissolved cadmium distribution in the Severn Estuary. Water Res 15:1045–1052.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Royal Commission (1981) Oil pollution of the sea. Eighth report of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. HMSO, Lond.

    Google Scholar 

  • Royal Commission (1984) Tackling pollution — experience and prospects. Tenth report of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. HMSO, Lond.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sommerville HJ, Bennett D, Davenport JN, Holt MS, Lynes A, Mahieu A, McCourt B, Parker JG, Stephenson RR, Watkinson RJ and Wilkinson TG (1987) The environmental effect of produced water from North Sea oil operations. Mar Poll Bull 18:549–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stebbing ARD (1979) An experimental approach to the determinants of biological water quality. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 286:465–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stebbing ARD, Akensson B, Calabrese A, Gentile JH, Jensen A, Lloyd R (1980) The role of bioassays in marine pollution monitoring. Rapp P V Réun Cons Int Explor Mer 179:322–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbing ARD, Cleary JJ, Brinsley M, Goodchild C (1983) Responses of a hydroid to surface water samples from the River Tamar and Plymouth Sound in relation to metal concentrations. J Mar Biol Ass UK 63:695–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stebbing ARD, Cleary JJ, Brown L, Rhead M (1987) The problem of relating toxic effects to their chemical causes in waters receiving wastes and effluents. In: Hood DW, Schoener A, Park PK (eds) Scientific monitoring strategies for ocean water disposal Vol 4. Krieger, Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Su J-C, Hung T-C (eds) (1982) Assimilative capacity of the oceans for man’s wastes: proceedings of symposium 26–30 April 1982. SCOPE/ICSU Academia Sin, Taipei, China.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunda WG, Guillard RRL (1976) The relationship between cupric ion activity and toxicity of copper to phytoplankton. J Mar Res 34: 511–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor AH (1987) Modelling contaminants in the North Sea. Sci Tot Environ 63:45–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thain JE, Watts J (1984) The use of bioassay to measure changes in water quality associated with a bloom of Gyrodinium aureolum (Halbert). ICES CM 1984/D:3:1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uncles RJ (1982) Computed and observed residual currents in the Bristol Channel. Oceanol Acta 5:11–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warwick RM (1986) A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities. Mar Biol 92:557–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Widdows J, Phelps DK, Galloway W (1980-81) Measurement of physiological condition of mussels transplanted along a pollution gradient in Narraganset Bay. Mar Environ Res 4:181–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Widdows J, Donkin P, Salkeld P, Evans SV (1987) Measurement of scope for growth and tissue hydrocarbon concentrations of mussels (Mytilus edulis) at sites in the vicinity of the Sullom Voe oil terminal: — a case study. In: Kuiper J, Van den Brink WJ (eds) Fate and effects of oil in marine ecosystems. Nijhoff, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson T (1982) An environmental programme for offshore oil operations. Chem Ind 20 Feb: 115-123.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stebbing, A.R.D., Harris, J.R.W. (1993). The Role of Biological Monitoring. In: Salomons, W., Bayne, B.L., Duursma, E.K., Förstner, U. (eds) Pollution of the North Sea. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73709-1_39

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73709-1_39

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73711-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73709-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics