Abstract
At different stages of human development the various globin genes are sequentially activated and expressed in cells of the erythroid lineage. This precisely controlled process raises a number of important issues concerning the molecular basis of gene regulation. These include: (1) the specificity of globin gene expression in erythroid cells; (2) the sequential activation of the different genes within the α-like and β-like globin gene clusters during development, a phenomenon which has been referred to as hemoglobin switching; and (3) the balanced production of α-like and β-like globin polypeptide chains, implying a coordinate expression of genes located on different chromosomes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anagnou NP, Moulton AD, Keller G, Karlsson S, Papayannopoulou T (1985) Cis-acting sequences that affect the expression of the human fetal y-globin genes. In: Stamatoyannopoulos G, Nienhuis AW (eds) Experimental approaches for the study of hemoglobin switching. Liss, New York, pp 163–182
Anagnou NP, Karlsson S, Moylton AD, Keller G, Nienhuis AW (1986) Promoter sequences required for function of the human y-globin gene in erythroid cells. EMBO J 5: 121–126
Bazett-Jones DP, Yeckel M, Gottesfeld JM (1985) Nuclear extracts from globin-synthesizing cells enhance globin transcription in vitro. Nature 317: 824–828
Bodine DM, Ley TJ (1985) A possible enhancer element lies 3’ to a human fetal Ay-globin gene. Blood 66: 68
Chada K, Magram J, Costantini F (1986) Expression of a human fetal globin gene in transgenic mice: implications for the evolution of hemoglobin switching. Nature 319: 685–689
Chao MV, Mellon P, Charnay P, Maniatis T, Axel R (1983) The regulated expression of ß-globin genes introduced into mouse erythroleukemia cells. Cell 32: 483–493
Charnay P, Henry L (1986) Regulated expression of cloned human fetal Ay-globin genes introduced into marine erythroleukemia cells. Eur. J. of Biochem. (in press)
Charnay P, Treisman R, Mellon P, Chao M, Axel R, Maniatis T (1984) Differences in human sand ß-globin gene expression in mouse erythroleukemia cells: the role of intragenic sequences. Cell 38: 251–263
Charnay P, Mellon P, Maniatis T (1985) Linker scanning mutagenesis of the 5’-flanking region of the mouse ß-major-globin gene: sequence requirements for transcription in erythroid and nonerythroid cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5: 1498–1511
Dierks P, von Ooyen A, Cochran MD, Dobkin C, Reiser J, Weissmann C (1983) Three regions upstream from the cap site are required for efficient and accurate transcription of the rabbit ßglobin gene in mouse 3T6 cells. Cell 32: 695–706
Emerson BM, Felsenfeld G (1984) Specific factor conferring nuclease hypersensitivity at the 5’ end of the chicken adult ß-globin gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 95–99
Gianni AM, Bregni M, Cappellini MD, Fiorelli G, Taramelli R, Giglioni B, Comi P, Ottolenghi S (1983) A gene controlling fetal hemoglobin expression in adults is not linked to the non-a globin cluster. EMBO J 6: 921–925
Groudine M, Peretz M, Weintraub H (1981) Transcriptional regulation of hemoglobin switching in chicken embryos. Mol Cell Biol 1: 281–288
Groudine M, Kohwi-Shigematsu T, Gelinas R, Stamatoyannopoulos G, Papayannopoulou T (1983) Human fetal to adult hemoglobin switching: changes in chromatin structure of the ßglobin locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 7551–7555
Hofer E, Hofer-Warbinek R, Darnell JE (1982) Globin RNA transcription: a possible termination site and demonstration of transcription control correlated with altered chromatin structure. Cell 29: 887–893
Humphries RK, Ley T, Turner P, Moulton AD, Nienhuis AW (1982) Differences in human a-land y-globin gene expression in monkey kidney cells. Cell 30: 173–183
Karlsson S, Nienhuis AW (1985) Developmental regulation of human globin genes. Annu Rev Biochem 54: 1071–1108
Kioussis D, Wilson F, Khazaie K, Grosveld F (1985) Differential expression of human globin genes introduced in K562 cells. EMBO J 4: 927–931
Ley TJ, Chiang YL, Haidaris D, Anagnou N, Wilson VL, Anderson WF (1984) DNA methylation and regulation of the human ß-globin-like genes in mouse erythroleukemia cells containing human chromosome 11. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 6618–6622
Magram J, Chada K, Costantini F (1985) Developmental regulation of a cloned adult ß-globin gene in transgenic mice. Nature 315: 338–340
Mavilio F, Giampaolo A, Care A, Migliaccio G, Calandrini M, Russo E, Pagliardi GL, Mastoberardino G, Marinucci M, Peschle C (1983) Molecular mechanisms of human hemoglobin switching: selective undermethylation and expression of globin genes in embryonic, fetal, and adult erythroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 6907–6911
Mellon P, Parker V, Gluzman Y, Maniatis T (1981) Identification of DNA sequences required for transcription of the human al-globin gene in a new SV40 host-vector system. Cell 27: 279–288
Orkin SH, Kazazian HH (1984) The mutation and polymorphism of the human ß-globin gene and its surrounding DNA. Annu Rev Genet 18: 131–171
Papayannopoulou T, Lindsley D, Kurachi S, Lewison K, Hemenway T, Melis M, Anagnou NP, Najfeld V (1985a) Adult and fetal human globin genes are expressed following chromosomal transfer into MEL cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 780–784
Papayannopoulou T, Brice M, Kurachi S, Hemenway T, Lewison K, Stamatoyannopoulos G (1985b) A time dependent, chromosome-11 linked mechanism controls fetal to adult hemoglobin switching. Blood 66: 133a
Sheffery M, Rifkind RA, Marks PA (1982) Murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation: DNase I hypersensitivity and DNA methylation near the globin genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 1180–1184
Townes TM, Lingrel JB, Chen HY, Brinster RL, Palmiter RD (1985) Erythoid-specific expression of human ß-globin genes in transgenic mice. EMBO J 4: 1715–1723
Treisman R, Green MR, Maniatis T (1983) Cis-and trans-activation of globin gene transcription in transient assays. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 7428–7432
Tuan D, Solomon W, Li, Qiliang, London IM (1985) The ß-like globin gene domain in human erythroid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 6384–6388
Van der Ploeg LHT, Flavell RA (1980) DNA methylation in the human ß-globin locus in erythroid and nonerythroid tissues. Cell 19: 947–958
Wright S, de Boer E, Grosveld FG, Flavell RA (1983) Regulated expression of the human ß-globin gene family in murine erythroleukemia cells. Nature 305: 333–336
Wright S, Rosenthal A, Flavell R, Grosveld F (1984) DNA sequences required for regulated expression of ß-globin genes in murine erythroleukemia cells. Cell 38: 265–273
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Charnay, P. (1986). Regulation of Human Globin Gene Expression. In: Kahn, P., Graf, T. (eds) Oncogenes and Growth Control. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73325-3_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73325-3_28
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-18760-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73325-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive