Abstract
The genus Amaranthus has a worldwide distribution; at least 50 species have been identified. In general they are sturdy, fast-growing plants with a high phytomass production. Several are aggressive weeds (= “pigweeds”), very difficult to eradicate when they invade cultivated fields. The genus is cytogenetically dibasic with species of x = 16 and x = 17 chromosomes, which do not cross in free nature. Taxonomically the genus is a very difficult object. Aellen (1967) and Sauer (1967) tried to order its systematics. They recognized two sections: Blitopsis and Amaranthotypus.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aellen P (1967) Amaranthaceae. Illustr Flora Mitteleuropa, Hegi III: 461 –1532
Agogino GA (1957) Pigweed seeds dated oldest US food grain. Science Newsl Washingt 72: 345
Anonymous (1984) Amaranth, modern prospects for an ancient crop. Natl Acad Res Counc Natl Acad Press, Washington
Beadle GW (1972) The mystery of maize. Field Mus Nat Hist Bull 43: 1–11
Beadle GW (1977) The origin of Zea mays. In: Reed (ed) Origins of agriculture. Mouton, The Hague, pp 615–635
Beadle GW (1980) The ancestry of corn. Sci Am 242: 112–119
Becker R, Wheeler E, Lorenz K et al. (1981) A compositional study of amaranth grain. J of Food Sci 46: 1175–1180
Bird RMcK (1980) Maize evolution from 500 B.C. to the present. Biotropica 12: 30–41
Bock H (1539) Neues Kräuterbuch. Strassburg
Bressani R (1986) Amaranth Newsletter 1–5, Arch Latinoam Nutr INCAP Guatemala
Brewbaker J (1979) Diseases of maize in the wet lowland tropics and the collapse of the classic Maya civilisation. Econ Bot 33: 101–118
Brieger F (1968) Die Indianer Maisrassen des südamerikanischen Tieflands und ihre Bedeu– tung fair die Züehtung. Die Kulturpfl 16:159– 173
Cardenas M (1969) Manual de plantas económicas de Bolivia. Imprenta Icthus, Cochacamba
Coons MP (1982) Relationships of Amaranthus caudatus. Econ Bot 36: 129–146
Crawford D, Wilson HD (1977) Allozyme variation in Chenopodium fremontii Syst Bot 2: 180–190
Doebley JF (1984) Maize introgression into teo-sinte, a reappraisal. Ann Missouri Bot Gard 71: 1100–1113
Doebley JF, Goodman MM, Stuber CW (1984) Isozyme evidence for reciprocal introgression between maize and Mexican annual teosinte. Econ Bot 9: 203
Downton WJS (1973) Amaranthus edulis, a high lysine grain. World Crops 25: 20
Gade D (1970) Ethnobotany of canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule), rustic seed crop of the Altiplano. Econ Bot 24: 55–61
Galinat WC (1977) The origin of corn. In: GF Sprague (ed) Galinat WC 18. Amer Soc Agr Madison Wise
Galinat WC (1978) The inheritance of some traits essential to maize and teosinte. In: Walden (ed) Maize breeding. Wiley, New York
Galinat WC, Pasupuleti (1982) Zea diploperennis. II. A review on its significance and potential value for maize improvement. Maydica 27: 213–220
Galinat WC (1984) The origin of maize, (a refutation) Science 225: 1093–1094
Galinat WC (1985) The missing links between teosinte and maize, a reviews. Mayidica 30: 137–160
Gay C (1849) Historia física y politica de Chile.Volotanica, Santiago, Chile
Gandarillas S, Gutierrez J (1973) Polyploidy induced in Canahua (Chenopodim palidicaule with colchicine. Bol Genet Castelar Arg 8: 13–16
Grant WF (1959) Cytogenetic studies in Amaranthus. III. Chromosome number and phylogenetic aspect. Can J Genet & Cytol 1: 313 328
Goldsworthy PR, Fisher NM (eds) (1984) The physiology of tropical field crops. Wiley, Chichester, England
Grubben GJ (1976) The cultivation of amaranth as a tropical leaf vegetable. Comm 67, Royal Trop Inst Amsterdam
Grubben GJ, Van Slooten D (1981) Genetic resources of amaranths. IBPGR Seer FAO, Rome
Hauptli H, Jain K (1984) Genetic structure of landrace populations of the New World grain amaranths. Euphytica 33: 857–884
Heiser C (1964) Sangorache and amaranth used ceremonially in Ecuador. Am Anthropol 66: 136–140
Heiser CB, Nelson DC (1974) On the origin of the cultivated chenopods (Chenopodium). Genetics 78: 503–505
Hoffmann W, Mudra A, Plarre W (1985) Lehrbuch der Züchtung landwirtschaftlicher Kul–turpflanzen. II. ed. Paul Parey Vlg. 434 pp
Hunziker AT (1952) Los Pseudocereales de la agricultura indigena de America. Acme Agency, Buenos Airs, p 103
Iltis HH (1983) From teosinte to maize, the ca–tastrophic sexual transmutation. Science 222: 886–894
litis HH, Doebley JF (1980) Taxonomy of Zea II. Subspecific categories in the Zea mays complex and generic synopsis. Amer J Bot 67: 994–1004
Iltis HH, Doebley JF, Guzmann R, Pazy B (1979) Zea diploperennis, a new teosink from Mexico. Science 203: 186–188
INCAP (1986) Amaranth Newsletter. Office Archivos Latinam Nutr Guatemala
Jain SK, Kulakov PA, Peters I (1984) Genetics and breeding of grain amaranth. In: Proceed I II. Amaranth Conf Rodale, USA
Ji–Jeng (1980) Isozyme studies on the origin of cultivated corn. Acta Genet Sin 7: 223–230
Joshi BD (1981) Catalogue of amaranth germ plasm. Natl Bur Plant Genet Resources Simla, India, p 42
Khoshoo TN, Pal M (1972) Cytogenetic patterns in amaranthus. Chromosomes Today 3:259– 267
Kulakov PA, Hauptli H, Jain SK (1985) Genetics of grain amaranth. J Hered 76: 27–30
Lorenz K (1981) Amaranthus hypochondriacus, characteristics of the starch and baking potential of the flour. Staerke 33: 149–153
MacNeish RS (1967) A summary of subsistence. In: DS Byers (ed) The prehistory, of the Tehuacan valley. Univ Texas Press Austin 290–309
Mangelsdorf P (1965) The evolution of maize. In: Hutchinson (ed) Essays on crop plant evolution. Cambridge Univ Press
Mangelsdorf PC (1974) Corn, origin, evolution and improvement. Belknap Press of Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge,
Mass Martin FW (ed) 1984 ) Handbook of tropical food crops. CRC Press boca Aaron fl pp 296
McClintock B (1929) Chromosome morphology of Zea Mays. Science 69: 629–30
McClintock B et al (1981) Chromosome constitution of races of maize. Colegio de Postgraduados, Chapingo, Mexico
National Academy of Sciences (1975) Quinoa. In: Underexploited tropical plants with economic value. Washington DC, pp 20–23
Pal M, Khoshoo T (1977) Evolution and improvement of cultivated amaranths VIII. Induced autotetraploidy in grain types. Z Pflanzenzücht 78: 135–148
Pal M, Pandey R, Khoskoo TN (1982) Evolution and improvement of cultivated amaranths. IX. J Hered 73: 353–356
Parodi L, Hernandez JC (1964) El mango, cereal extinguido en cultivo, sobrevive en estado salvaje. Cienc Invest 20: 543–549
Pearsall DM (1978) Early movement of maize between Mesoamerica and Southamerica. J Steward Anthrop Soc 9: 41–75
Randolph LF (1976) Contributions of wild relatives of maize to the evolutionary history of domesticated maize. Econ Bot 30: 321–345
Rao BGS, Galinat WC (1974) The evolution of the American Maydeae. J Heredity 65:335– 340
Sauer JD (1967) The grain amaranths and their relatives. A revised taxonomic and geographic survey. Ann Mo Bot Gard 43: 102–137
Sauer JD (1969) Identity of archeologic grain amaranths from the valley of Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico. Amer Antiqu 34: 80–81
Senft J, Kaufman C, Bailey N (1982) A comprehensive bibliography, with 2500 entries. Ro– dale Research Center, Rodale, USA
Sharma AK, Dey D (1967) A comprehensive cytotaxonomic study on the family Chenopodiaceae. J Cytol Genet India 2: 114–127
Simmonds NW (1971) The breedings system of Chenopodium quinoa. I. Male sterility. Heredity 27: 223–235
Simmonds NW (1976) Quinoa and relatives. In: Evolution of crop plants. Longman, New York
Smith JSC, Lester RN (1980) Biochemical systematicas and evolution of Zea tripsacum and related genera. Econ Bot 34: 201–218
Smith CE (1986) Importance of palaeoethno-botanical facts. Econ Bot 40: 267–278
Stoner C, Anderson E (1949) Maize among the hill peoples of Assam. Ann Miss Bot Gard 36: 355–404
Tapia–Vargas W (1976) La quinoa. Academiea Nac Cienc Bolivia, La Paz
Tapia M, Gandarillas H (1979) Quinua y Kaniwa, cultivos andinos. CUD, Bogota pp 288
Vietmeyer ND (1982) Amaranth: return to the Aztec mystery crop. In: Yearbook of science in the future. Encycl Britannica, Chicago 111, USA
Waiden DB (ed) (1978) Maize breeding and genetics. Wiley, New York, p 794
Weber L, Hubbard E, Putnam D, Nelson L, Lehmann J (1988) Amaranth grain production guide. Rodale Press Inc, Emmaus, PA and American Amaranth Institute, Bricelyn, MN
Wildenow CL (1790) Historia Amarantharum. Zurich
Wilkes HG (1977) Hybridization of maize and teosinte in Mexico and Guatemala. Econ Bot 31: 254–293
Wilkes HG, Mangelsdorf PC (1979) Zea diploperennis, the “missing link” in corn’s genealogy. 12 Ann Meet Soc Econ Bot Raleigh N C
Wilson HD (1980) Artificial hybridization among species of Chenopodium. Syst Bot 5: 253–263
Wilson HD (1988) Quinoa-Biosystematics I. Domesticated populations. Econ Bot 42:461– 477
Wilson HD, Heiser CB (1979) The origin and evolutionary relationships of Huazontle (Ch. nuttalliae Safford) domesticated chenopod of Mexico. Am J Bot 66: 198–206
Yacovleff E, Herrera FL (1934) El mundo vegetal de los antiguos peruanos. Rev Mus Nac (Lima) 3: 243–322
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brücher, H. (1989). Farinaceous Plants. In: Useful Plants of Neotropical Origin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73313-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73313-0_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73315-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73313-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive